Unit 8 Progresscheckmcq

AP Chemistry Scoring Guide
Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ
1.
Pure water autoionizes as shown in the equation above. Based on this information, which of the
following is correct?
The autoionization equilibrium for pure water favors the formation of reactants at compared to
A
.
The autoionization equilibrium for pure water produces the same amount of ions at and
B
.
C At , for pure water.
D At , for pure water.
2. at
Based on the information above, which of the following is true for a sample of pure water at ?
3.
The endothermic autoionization of pure water is represented by the chemical equation shown
above. The of pure water is measured to be 7.00 at and 6.02 at . Which of the
following statements best explains these observations?
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A At the higher temperature water dissociates less, , and the water becomes basic.
B At the higher temperature water dissociates less, , and the water remains neutral.
C At the higher temperature water dissociates more, , and the water becomes acidic.
D At the higher temperature water dissociates more, , and the water remains neutral.
4. Which of the following gives the best estimate for the of a solution at
?
A because is a strong acid.
B because is a weak acid.
C because is a weak base.
D because is a strong base.
5. Which of the following gives the best estimate for the of a solution at
?
A because is a strong acid.
B because is a strong acid.
C because is a strong base.
D because is a strong base.
6. Which of the following is the correct mathematical relationship to use to calculate the of a
aqueous solution?
7. at
Initial
Percent Ionization Equilibrium
0.150 3.4%
0.100 4.2%
0.0500 5.8%
The equilibrium for the acid ionization of is represented by the equation above and the
table gives the percent ionization for at different initial concentrations of the weak acid at
. Based on the information, which of the following is true for a aqueous solution of
?
It has a larger percent ionization, a lower , and a lower than a

A
solution does.
It has a larger percent ionization, a lower , and a higher than a

B
solution does.
It has a lower percent ionization, a larger , and a higher than a

C
solution does.
It has a lower percent ionization, a larger , and a higher than a

D
solution.
8.
The reaction between and water is represented above. A solution that is initially in
has a of 11.28. Which of the following correctly predicts the of a solution for which
, and why?
The will be lower than 11.28 because decreasing the initial concentration of increases the
A
equilibrium concentration of the conjugate acid .
The will be lower than 11.28 because the equilibrium concentration of ions decreases
B
when the initial concentration of the base decreases.
The will be higher than 11.28 because decreasing the initial concentration of decreases
C
the equilibrium concentration of the conjugate acid .
The will be higher than 11.28 because the equilibrium concentration of ions increases
D
when the initial concentration of the base decreases.
9.
The acid ionization equilibrium for at is shown above. A aqueous solution of
this acid has a of about 4.2. If a solution with an initial concentration of of is
allowed to reach equilibrium at the same temperature, which of the following correctly predicts its
, and why?
The will be higher than 4.2 because increasing the concentration of the weak acid decreases
A
the percent ionization.
The will be higher than 4.2 because, for weak acid solutions, the is directly proportional to
B
the initial concentration of the weak acid.
The will be lower than 4.2 because increasing the concentration of the weak acid produces
C
more to establish equilibrium.
The will be lower than 4.2 because the of the weak acid is inversely proportional to the initial
D
concentration of the weak acid.
10. The weak acid has a of 4.76. A solution is prepared by mixing of

and of . Which of the following can be used to
calculate the of the solution?
11. Which of the following provides the correct mathematical expression to calculate the of a
solution made by mixing of and of at ?
12. Substance
9.25
A buffer solution is formed by mixing equal volumes of and ,

which reduces the concentration of both solutions by one half. Based on the data given in the
table, which of the following gives the of the buffer solution?
13.
The versus volume data for the titration of with is plotted

on the graph above. Based on the data, which of the following species is present in the greatest
concentration after of has been added to the solution of ?
14.
A solution of the weak acid potassium hydrogen phthalate ( ) is titrated with

. Based on the titration curve shown in the graph above, the of is
closest to which of the following?
A 3.6
B 5.4
C 8.8
D 11.8
15.
A sample of was titrated with . Based on the resulting titration

curve shown above, what was the approximate concentration of in the sample?
16. Name Structure
Acid 1
Acid 2
The table above provides information on two weak acids. Which of the following explains the difference in their acid
strength?
A Acid 1 is a stronger acid because it has more acidic hydrogen atoms than acid 2.
B Acid 1 is a stronger acid because it can make more hydrogen bonds than acid 2.
Acid 2 is a stronger acid because it is a larger, more polarizable molecule with stronger
C
intermolecular forces than acid 1.
Acid 2 is a stronger acid because it has a more stable conjugate base than acid 1 due to the greater
D
number of electronegative atoms.
17.
Acid
The equilibrium reactions for diprotic oxoacids with a general formula are represented by
the equations above. The acid ionization constants for and are provided in the
table. Which of the following best explains the difference in strength for these two acids?
is weaker because has a smaller positive formal charge than , resulting in a decrease
A
in its ability to transfer an to .
is weaker because has a smaller positive formal charge than , resulting in a

B
decrease in its ability to transfer an to .
is weaker because is more electronegative than , resulting in more stable conjugate

C
bases and than those for .
is weaker because is less electronegative than , resulting in less stable conjugate

D
bases and than those for .
18.
Lewis diagrams of the weak bases and are shown above. Based on these diagrams,
which of the following predictions of their relative base strength is correct, and why?
is a stronger base than because more than one resonance structure exists for its
A
conjugate acid , making it more stable than .
B is a stronger base than because of the greater electronegativity of compared with .
C is a weaker base than because of the greater electronegativity of compared with .
is a weaker base than because more than one resonance structure exists for its
D
conjugate acid , making it more stable than .
19.
A student measures the of a buffer solution made with and , as shown

above. The of is 7.40 at . Based on this information, which of the following best
compares the relative concentrations of and in the buffer solution?
D It is not possible to compare the concentrations without knowing the of .
20.
is a weak acid with a value of 3.5. The graph above shows the results of a titration of
an aqueous solution of with . Based on the results, the concentration of
is greater than the concentration of at which of the following values?
A 2.0
B 3.0
C 3.5
D 4.0
21.
The weak acid ionization equilibrium for is represented by the equation above. A
student measures the of using a probe and a meter in the experimental
setup shown. Based on the information given, which of the following is true?
A since the of the weak acid is less than .
since the of the weak acid is greater than the of the

B
solution.
C since the for is less than .
D since the for is less than the for .
22.
The acid equilibrium for and the base equilibrium for are
represented above. One liter of a buffer solution with is made by mixing
and . If of is added to
the buffer, which of the following is most likely the resulting , and why?
The will be much less than 4.85, because the buffer will respond to the addition of by
A
producing more .
The will be much greater than 4.85, because there is a large increase in the concentration of the
B
weak base, .
The will be slightly less than 4.85, because the addition of reduces the autoionization of
C
.
The will be slightly greater than 4.85, because some will react with the added
D
bases, resulting in a slight decrease in .
23. A buffer solution that is in both and has a . A student says

that if a very small amount of is added to the buffer, the will decrease by a very
small amount. Which of the following best supports the student’s claim?
A will accept a proton from to produce more and .
B will accept a proton from to produce more and .
C will donate a proton to to produce more and .
D will donate a proton to to produce more and .
24.
The equilibrium representing the acid dissociation of is shown above. A buffer solution
is prepared by adding of to of . Assuming the change
in volume is negligible, which of the following expressions will give the of the resulting buffer at
?
25. To prepare a buffer solution for an experiment, a student measured out of (molar
mass ) and added it to of . However, in the process of adding the
to the , the student spilled some of the onto the bench top. As a
result, only about of was actually added to the . Which of the
following best describes how the buffer capacity of the solution is affected as a result of the spill?
The solution has a greater buffer capacity for the addition of base than for acid, because
A
.
The solution has a greater buffer capacity for the addition of base than for acid, because
B
.
The solution has a greater buffer capacity for the addition of acid than for base, because
C
.
The solution has a greater buffer capacity for the addition of acid than for base, because
D
.
26.
The acid ionization equilibrium for is represented by the equation above. A mixture of
of and of will produce a buffer solution with a
. If the solution was mislabeled and was instead of , which of the
following would be true?
The of the resulting solution would still be 4.87 because buffer solutions regulate changes in
A
regardless of how much is added.
The of the resulting solution would be somewhat higher than 4.87 because adding that is
B
10 times more concentrated makes the concentration of the conjugate base 10 times larger.
The of the resulting solution would be much higher than 4.87 because the weak acid would be
C
completely neutralized by the larger amount of added.
The of the resulting solution would still be 4.87 because the solution contains a large volume of
D
the weak acid to react with the and maintain the same .
27.
Sample Solution Composition
1 buffer solution 3.26
3 buffer solution and one drop of 3.03

The acid ionization equilibrium for is represented by the equation above. A buffer
solution is prepared by mixing of and of . To test
the buffer capacity, the is measured and recorded in the table for four samples of the buffer and
one sample of a mixture of the buffer and . Which of the following best helps explain why the
of sample 4 is lower than the pH of the other samples containing only buffer solution?
Prior to measuring the of sample 4, some water evaporated, resulting in an increase in the
A
concentration of in the sample.
After measuring the of the more acidic sample 3, the probe was not rinsed and wiped,
B
resulting in the neutralization of a very small amount of the conjugate base in sample 4.
Prior to measuring the of sample 4, the room temperature dropped suddenly, resulting in an
C
increase in the for .
The volume used to measure the of sample 4 was less than , resulting in a decrease in
D
the concentration of .
Buffer solutions containing Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 range in pH from 10.0 to 11.0. The chemical equation
below represents the equilibrium between CO32−and H2O, and the table lists the composition of four
different buffer solutions at 25°C.
CO32−(aq)+H2O(l)⇄HCO3−(aq)+OH−(aq)Kb=2.1×10−4at25°C
Buffer [NaHCO3] [Na2CO3] pH

1 0.150 0.100 ?
2 0.200 0.200 10.32
3 0.100 0.100 10.32
4 0.100 0.200 ?
28. Which of the following chemical equilibrium equations best shows what happens in the buffer
solutions to minimize the change in when a small amount of a strong base is added?
29. Which of the following mathematical expressions can be used to determine the approximate of
buffer 1 ?
30. Which mathematical expression can be used to explain why buffer 2 and buffer 3 have the same
?
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AP Chemistry Scoring Guide

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

C At , for pure water.

D At , for pure water.

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A because is a strong acid.

B because is a weak acid.

C because is a weak base.

D because is a strong base.

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A because is a strong acid.

B because is a strong acid.

C because is a strong base.

D because is a strong base.

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

It has a larger percent ionization, a lower , and a lower than a

It has a larger percent ionization, a lower , and a higher than a

It has a lower percent ionization, a larger , and a higher than a

It has a lower percent ionization, a larger , and a higher than a

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

10. The weak acid has a of 4.76. A solution is prepared by mixing of

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A buffer solution is formed by mixing equal volumes of and ,

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

The versus volume data for the titration of with is plotted

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A solution of the weak acid potassium hydrogen phthalate ( ) is titrated with

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A sample of was titrated with . Based on the resulting titration

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

16. Name Structure

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

is weaker because has a smaller positive formal charge than , resulting in a

is weaker because is more electronegative than , resulting in more stable conjugate

is weaker because is less electronegative than , resulting in less stable conjugate

B is a stronger base than because of the greater electronegativity of compared with .

C is a weaker base than because of the greater electronegativity of compared with .

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A student measures the of a buffer solution made with and , as shown

D It is not possible to compare the concentrations without knowing the of .

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

A since the of the weak acid is less than .

since the of the weak acid is greater than the of the

C since the for is less than .

D since the for is less than the for .

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

23. A buffer solution that is in both and has a . A student says

A will accept a proton from to produce more and .

B will accept a proton from to produce more and .

C will donate a proton to to produce more and .

D will donate a proton to to produce more and .

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

Unit 8 Progress Check: MCQ

1 buffer solution 3.26

2 buffer solution 3.25

3 buffer solution and one drop of 3.03