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PMS Experiment 7 - CSTR Openloop-1

The document describes a mathematical model for three continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) connected in series. The model uses material balances and kinetics to develop ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the change in reactant concentration in each tank over time. An Euler integration method is then used to numerically solve the ODEs to simulate concentration profiles in each tank from t=0 to t=10 minutes. Matlab code is provided to implement the numerical solution and plot the results.

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65 views6 pages

PMS Experiment 7 - CSTR Openloop-1

The document describes a mathematical model for three continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) connected in series. The model uses material balances and kinetics to develop ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the change in reactant concentration in each tank over time. An Euler integration method is then used to numerically solve the ODEs to simulate concentration profiles in each tank from t=0 to t=10 minutes. Matlab code is provided to implement the numerical solution and plot the results.

Uploaded by

815 PAVAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

THREE CSTR’s IN SERIES – OPEN LOOP

AIM:

Write a program to calculate output concentration for three CSTRs connected in


series for various time intervals- Open loop system.

Theory:

Considered a three CSTR’s in series in which A B first order reaction takes place.
Product B is produced, and reactant A is consumed in each of the three perfectly
mixed reactors by a first-order reaction occurring in the liquid. For the moment let us
assume that the temperatures and holdups (volumes) of the three tanks can be
different, but both temperatures and the liquid volumes are assumed to be constant
(isothermal and constant holdup). Density is assumed constant throughout the
system, which is a binary mixture of A and B.

Thus, the total continuity equation for the first reactor is

Likewise, total mass balances on tanks 2 and 3 give


where F is defined as the throughput (m3/min).

Component A continuity equation

The equations describing the dynamic changes in the amounts of reactant A in each
tank are (with units of kg - mol of A/min) (Component A continuity equation)

The specific reaction rates kn are given by the Arrhenius equation

If the temperatures in the reactors are different, the k’s are different. The n refers to
the stage number.
If the throughput F is constant and the holdups and temperatures are the same in all
three tanks, Equations become
where τ = V/F with units of minutes.
There is only one forcing function or input variable, CA0

three unknowns or dependent variables: CA1, CA2, and CA3.

Data:

CA0 = 1.8 kg mol of component A/m3

Time = 0

CA1 = 0.4 kg mol of component A/m3,

CA2 = 0.2 kg mol of component A/m3

CA3=0.1 kg mol of component A/m3

Parameters:

τ= 2.0min Rate constant k= 0.5 min-1


Euler’s Integration algorithm
If we have two simultaneous, I order ODEs

The Euler’s integration algorithm would be

For n=0, calculate

1
C A 1(n+ 1)=C A 1 ,n + ∆t [ (C A 0−C A 1 , n)−k C A 1, n ]
τ

1
C A 2(n+ 1)=C A 2 ,n + ∆ t[ (C A 1 , n−C A 2 ,n )−k C A 2 ,n ]
τ

1
C A 3(n +1)=C A 3 ,n + ∆ t [ (C A 2 , n−C A 3 ,n )−k C A 3 , n ]
τ

∆t=0.1 min

tn+1 = tn + ∆t

Result:
Matlab Program:

Create cstreuler.m file using Euler method

% CSTR in series open-loop


clear;clc;
ca0=1.8; ca1= 0.4; ca2= 0.2; ca3= 0.1; t=0; k= 0.5; tav= 2.0;
n=1;
a1(n)=ca1; a2(n)=ca2; a3(n)=ca3; time(n)=t;
delta=0.1;
disp('TIME CA1 CA2 CA3')
for i=1:100
dca1 = ((ca0-ca1)/tav) - (k*ca1);
dca2 = ((ca1-ca2)/tav) - (k*ca2);
dca3 = ((ca2-ca3)/tav) - (k*ca3);
ca1 = ca1 + (delta*dca1);
ca2 = ca2 + (delta*dca2);
ca3 = ca3 + (delta*dca3);
t = t+delta;
fprintf('%d \t %d \t %d \t %d\n', time, ca1, ca2, ca3);
n=n+1;
a1(n)=ca1;
a2(n)=ca2;
a3(n)=ca3;
time(n)= t;
end
plot (time,a1,'ro', time, a2,'b+', time, a3,'g*')
legend ('CA1','CA2','CA3')
title('Three CSTR s in series-open loop')
xlabel('time(min)')
ylabel('concentration (kmol/m^3)')
Create cstr3.m function file

function caprime = cstr3(t,ca)


caprime = zeros(3,1);
caprime(1)= (1.8-ca(1))/2-0.5*ca(1);
caprime(2) = (ca(1)-ca(2))/2-0.5*ca(2);
caprime(3) = (ca(2)-ca(3))/2-0.5*ca(3);

Edit another script File with any name like cstrode

ca0= [0.4 0.2 0.1];


[t,ca]= ode45(@cstr3, [1,10], ca0);
plot(t,ca(:,1),'+r', t,ca(:,2),'*k',t,ca(:,3),'.-b');
legend ('CA1','CA2','CA3');
xlabel ('Time');
ylabel ('Concentration');
title ('CSTR in Series');

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