PHYSICS

BOOKS VK GLOBAL PUBLICATION

PHYSICS (HINGLISH)

LIGHT-REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

Ncert Intext Questions

1. Define the principal focus of a concave

mirror.
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2. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror

is 20 cm. What is its focal length?

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3. Name a mirror that can give an erect and

enlarged image of an object.

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4. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-

view mirror in vehicles?

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5. Find the focal length of a convex mirror

whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.

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6. A concave mirror produces three times

(enlarged) magnified real image of an object

placed at 10 cm in front of it. Where is the

image located?

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7. A ray of light travelling in air enters

obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend

towards the normal or away from the normal?

Why?
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8. Light enters from air into glass having

refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light

in glass?

The speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108ms −1

.

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9. Find out, from table 10.3 (NCERT Page No.

175), the medium having highest optical

density.Also find the medium with lowest

optical density.

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10. You are given kerosene, turpentine oil and

water. In which of these does the light ray

travel fastest? Given refractive index of

kerosene = 1.44, Refractive index of turpentine

1.47, refractive index of water = 1.33.

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11. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42.

What is the meaning of this statement?

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12. Define 1 dioptre of power of a lens.

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13. A convex lens forms a real and inverted

image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from

 the lens. Where is the needle placed in front of

the convex lens, so that this image is of the

same size as the object?

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14. Find the power of a concave lens of focal

length 2 m .

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Ncert Exercises
1. The image formed by a concave mirror is

observed to be virtual, erect and larger than

the object. Where should be the position of

the object?

A. Between the principal focus and the

centre of curvature.

B. At the centre of curvature.

C. Beyond the centre of curvature.

D. Between the pole of the mirror and its

principal focus.
Answer:

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2. No matter how far you stand from a mirror,

your image appears erect. The mirror is likely

to be

A. plane

B. concave

C. convex

D. either plane or convex

Answer:

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3. We wish to obtain an erect image of an

object, using a concave mirror of focal length

15 cm. What should be the range of the

distance of the object from the mirror? What

is the nature of the image Is the image larger

or smaller than the object? Draw a ray

diagram to show the image formation in this

case.

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4. Name the type of mirror used in following

situations:

(a) Headlights of a car

(b) Side/Rear-view mirror of a vehicle

(c) Solar furnace

Support your answer with reason.

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5. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm

from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm.

Find the position and nature of the image.

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6. The magnification produced by a plane

mirror is + 1. What does this mean?

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7. An object 5 cm is length is placed at a

distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror

of radius of curvature 30 cm . Find the

position of the image , its nature of size.

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8. An object of size 7 cm is placed at 27 cm in

front of a concave mirror of focal length 18 cm

. At what distance from the mirror should a

screen be placed so that a sharp focused

image can be obtained ? Find the size of the

nature of the image.

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9. Which one of the following materials cannot

be used to make a lens ?

 A. water

B. glass

C. plastic

D. clay

Answer:

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10. Where should an object be placed in front

of a convex lens to get a real image of the size

of the object ?
 A. At the principal focus of the lens

B. At Twice the focal length

C. At infinity

D. Between the optical centre of the lens

and its principal lens.

Answer:

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11. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens

have each a focal length of -15 cm . The mirror

and lens are likely to be

A. both concave

B. both convex

C. the mirror is concave and the lens is

convex

D. the mirror is convex and the lens is

concave.
Answer:

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12. Which of the following lens would you

prefer to use while reading small letters found

in a dictionary ?

A. A convex lens of focal length 50 cm

B. A concave lens of focal length 50 cm

C. A convex lens of focal length 5 cm

D. A concave lens of focal length 5 cm

Answer:

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13. One half of a convex lens is convered with a

black paper. Will this lens produce a complete

image of the object ? Verify your answer

experimentally . Explain your observations.

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14. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away

from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm .

Draw a ray diagram and find the position, size

and the nature of the image formed.

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15. A concave (diverging) lens of focal length 15

cm , forms an image 10 cm forms and image 10

cm from the lens . How far is the object placed

from the lens ? Draw the ray diagram.

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16. Find the focal length - 2.0 D. What type of

lens is this ?

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17. A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of

power + 1.5 D . Find the focal length of the

lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or

converging ?

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Very Short Ansewr Questions

1. What is light ?

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2. What is a ray of light ?

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3. What is a beam of light ?

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4. Name a communication device which uses

light for its working.

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5. What is the angle of reflection when a ray of

light falls normally on a plane mirror?

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6. What kind of image can be obtained on the

screen?

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7. What type of image is formed:

(i) in a plane mirror, and (ii) on a cinema

screen?

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8. Name the type of mirror which always forms

a virtual and diminished image.

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9. Which mirror-convex or concave has larger

field of view?

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10. If an object is placed at the focus of a

concave mirror, where is the image formed?

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11. What should be the position of the object

when a concave mirror is to be used:

(i) as a shaving mirror?, and (ii) as a doctor's

mirror?

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12. What sign (+ve or-ve) is given to the focal

length of:

(a) a concave mirror?, and (b) a convex mirror?

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13. Give the cartesian sign convention for:

(a) height of a real image, and

(b) height of a virtual image.

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14. What is the significance of +ve sign of

magnification?

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15. Can a plane mirror be called spherical

mirror?

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16. A man standing in front of a spherical

mirror, finds his image having a very small

head, a fat body and legs of normal size. What

type of mirrors are used in these three parts?

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17. Differentiate between virtual image formed

by a concave mirror and of a convex mirror.

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18. What is the magnification produced by a

plane mirror?
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19. The angle between an incident ray and the

mirror is 40 .
∘

(i) What is the angle of incidence?

(ii) What is the angle of reflection?

(iii) What is the total angle through which the

ray of light turns?

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20. Why does a convex mirror is said to have a

virtual principal focus?

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21. What is the value of in the following ray

diagram?

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22. Explain why a ray of light passing through

the centre of curvature of a concave mirror

gets reflected along the same path after

reflection.

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23. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of

the reflected ray corresponding to an incident

ray of light parallel to the principal axis of a

convex mirror and show the angle of incidence

and angle of reflection on it.

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24. What is the nature of the image formed by

a concave mirror if the magnification

produced by the mirror is +3?

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25. Between which two points of a concave

mirror should an object be placed to obtain a

magnification of - 3 ?

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26. The outer surface of a hollow sphere of

aluminium of radius 50 cm is to be used as a

mirror. What will be the focal length of this

mirror? Which type of spherical mirror will it

provide?

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27. Which property of concave mirror is

utilised for using them as shaving mirrors?

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28. What is an optically rarer medium?

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29. What is an optically denser medium?

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30. Define the term refraction of light.

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31. Define the term angle of incidence.

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32. Define the term angle of refraction.

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33. Define the term refractive index of a

medium in terms of speed of light.

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34. What is absolute refractive index?

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35. What is relative refractive index?

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36. What is the unit of refractive index?

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37. Refractive index of two material mediums X

and Y are 1.3 and 1.5 respectively. In which of

the two, the light would travel faster?

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38. What is the cause of refraction of light?

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39. What is the relationship between the

refractive index of two media?

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40. In which direction a ray of light bends

when it goes from water to glass?

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41. If refractive indices of water and alcohol

are 1.33 and 1.36 respectively, which of the two

is optically denser medium?

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42. If a light ray IM is incident on the surface

AB as shown, identify the correct emergent

ray.

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43. Why does a ray of light bend when it

travels from one medium into another?

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44. What is a lens?

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45. Name a point inside a lens such that a ray

of light passing through it goes undeviated.

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46. Name the phenomena on which the

working of a lens is based.

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47. State two examples of phenomenon of

refraction of light in everyday life situations.

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48. What is meant by power of a lens?

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49. Give the SI unit of power of lens. State

whether the power of a converging lens is

positive or negative.

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50. Aspherical mirror and a lens have same

focal length of - 20 cm. What type of mirror

and lens are these?

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51. A small electric lamp is placed at the focus

of a convex lens. What is the nature of beam

of light produced by the lens?

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52. An object is placed 80 cm from a

converging lens of focal length 25 cm. What is

the nature of the image?

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53. What is the power of a combination of

lenses?

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54. State one advantage of using combination

of lenses in optical instruments instead of a

single lens.

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55. What is monochromatic light?

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56. How does phenomenon of lateral inversion

occurs?

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57. Under what condition a lens becomes

invisible when placed in a transparent liquid?

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58. Define the term magnification.

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59. Show diagrammatically, how should two

converging lenses be arranged so that a

parallel beam becomes parallel after passing

through two lenses.

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60. The diagram below shows the refracted ray

QR through a concave lens. Complete the

diagram by drawing the corresponding

incident ray.

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61. Redraw the given diagram and show the

path of the refracted ray.

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Short Ansewr Questions I

1. What possible phenomenon can happen

when light falls on a surface?

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2. List four characteristics of the images

formed by plane mirrors?

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3. List four specific characteristics of the

images of the objects formed by convex

mirrors.

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4. Explain the term lateral inversion.

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5. In what way is the word AMBULANCE printed

in front of the hospital vans? Why is it printed

this way?

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6. How can you distinguish between a plane

mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror

without touching them?

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7. State the laws of refraction of light. If the

speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 10

8
m/s, find

the absolute refractive index of a medium in

which light travels with a speed of 1.4 × 10

8

m/s.
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8. State two positions in which a concave

mirror produces a magnified image of a given

object. List two differences between the two

images.

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9. The linear magnification produced by a

spherical mirror is +3. Analyse this value and

state the (i) type of mirror and (ii) position of

the object with respect to the pole of the

mirror. Draw ray diagram to show the

formation of image in this case.

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10. What will happen to a ray of light when it

falls normally on a surface? Show it

diagrammatically.

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11. Identify the device used (a spherical mirror

or lens) in following cases, when the image

formed is virtual and erect in each case.

(a) Object is placed between device and its

focus, image formed is enlarged and behind it.

(b) Object is placed between the focus and

device, image formed is enlarged and on the

same side as that of the object.

(c) Object is placed between infinity and

device, image formed is diminished and

between focus and optical centre on the same

side as that of the object.

(d) Object is placed between infinity and

device, image formed is diminished and

between pole and focus, behind it.

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12. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm can

produce a magnified virtual as well as real

image. Is this a correct statement? If yes,

where shall the object be placed in each case

for obtaining these images?

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13. How are power and focal length of a lens

related? You are provided with two lenses of

focal length 20 cm and 40 cm respectively.

Which lens will you use to obtain more

convergent light?

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14. Under what condition in an arrangement of

two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected

ray will always be parallel to each other,

whatever may be angle of incidence. Show the

same with the help of a ray diagram.

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15. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of

rays of light when it enters with oblique

incidence (i) from air into water, (ii) from water

into air.

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 16. List two properties of the images formed

by convex mirrors. Draw ray diagram in

support of your answer.

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Short Ansewr Questions Ii

1. Distinguish between real image and virtual

image.

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2. Study the ray diagram given below and

answer the following questions:

(i) State the type of lens used in the figure.

(ii) List two properties of the image formed .

(iii) In which position of the object will be

magnification be -1 ?

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3. To construct a ray diagram we use two rays

of light which are so chosen that it is easy to

determine their directions after reflection

from the mirror. Choose these two rays and

state the path of these rays after reflection

from a concave mirror. Use these two rays to

find the nature and position of the image of

an object placed at a distance of 15 cm from a

concave mirror of focal length 10 cm.

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4. Explain with the help of a ray diagram, why a

pencil partly immersed in water appears to be

bent at the water surface.

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5. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the

reflected ray in each of the following cases. A

ray of light incident on a convex mirror

(a) strikes at its pole making an angle from θ

the principal axis.

(b) is directed towards its principal focus.

(c) is parallel to its principal axis.

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6. A student wants to project the image of a

candle flame on a screen 80 cm in front of a

mirror by keeping the candle flame at a

distance of 20 cm from its pole.

(i) Which type of mirror should the student

use?

(ii) Find the magnification of the image

produced.

(iii) Find the distance between the object and

its image.

(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the image

formation in this case and mark the distance

between the object and its image.

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7. Draw the following diagram, in which a ray

of light is incident on a concave/convex mirror,

on your answer sheet. Show the path of this

ray, after reflection, in each case.

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8. Distinguish between a convex lens and a

concave lens.

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9. If the image formed by a mirror for all

positions of the object placed in front of it is

always erect and diminished, what type of

mirror is it? Draw a ray diagram to justify your

answer. Where and why do we generally use

this type of mirror?

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10. A pencil when dipped in water in a glass

tumbler, appears to be bent at the interface of

air and water. Will the pencil appear to be

bent to the same extent, if instead of water we

use liquids like, kerosene or turpentine.

Support your answer with reason.

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11. How is the refractive index of a medium

related to the speed of light? Obtain an

expression for refractive index of a medium

with respect to another in terms of speed of

light in these two media?

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12. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of

the window pane of her science laboratory is

formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens.

She now tries to focus the building visible to

her outside the window instead of the window

pane without disturbing the lens. In which

direction will she move the screen to obtain a

sharp image of the building? What is the

approximate focal length of this lens?

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Long Answer Questions

1. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an

object, using concave mirror of focal length of

12 cm.

(i) What should be the range of distance of an

object placed in front of the mirror?

(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than

the object. Draw ray diagram to show the

formation of image in this case.

(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it

is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror? Draw

ray diagram for this situation also to justify

your answer. Show the positions of pole,

principal focus and the centre of curvature in

the above ray diagrams.

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2. Suppose you have three concave mirrors A,

B and C of focal lengths 10 cm, 15 cm and 20

cm. For each concave mirror you perform the

experiment of image formation for three

values of object distance of 10 cm, 20 cm and

30 cm. Giving reason answer the following:

(a) For the three object distances, identify the

mirror/mirrors which will form an image of

magnification - 1.

(b) Out of the three mirrors identify the mirror

which would be preferred to be used for

shaving purposes/makeup.

(c) For the mirror B draw ray diagram for

image formation for object distances 10 cm

and 20 cm.

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3. (i) Rohit claims to have obtained an image

twice the size of object with a concave lens. Is

he correct? Give reason for your answer.

(ii) Where should an object be placed in case

of a convex lens to form an image of same size

as of the object? Show with the help of ray

diagram the position and the nature of the

image formed.

(iii) With teh help of ray diagram, illustrate the

change in position, nature and size of the

image formed if the convex lens in case of (ii)

 is replaced by concave lens of same focal

length.

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Some Important Numericals

1. Find the size, nature and position of image

formed when an object of size 1 cm is placed

at a distance of 15 cm from a concave mirror of

focal length 10 cm.

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2. The image of an object formed by a mirror is

real, inverted and is of magnification - 1. If the

image is at a distance of 40 cm from the

mirror, where is the object placed? Where

would the image be if the object is moved 20

cm towards the mirror? State reason and also

draw ray diagram for the new position of the

object to justify your answer.

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3. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance

of 16 cm from a concave mirror which

produces a reall image 3 cm high.

(i) Find the position of the image.

(ii) What is the focal length of mirror?

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4. A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm is

placed at a distance of 35 cm from a wall. How

far from the wall an object be placed so that

its image formed by the mirror falls on the

wall?

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5. A 2.0 cm tall object is placed perpendicular

to the principal axis of a concave mirror of

focal length 10 cm. The distance of the object

from the mirror is 15 cm. Find the nature,

position and size of the image formed.

Represent the situation with the help of a ray

diagram.
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6. A student has focused the image of a candle

flame on a white screen using a concave

mirror. The situation is as given below:

Length of the flame = 1.5 cm

Focal length of the mirror = 12 cm

Distance of flame from the mirror = 18 cm

If the flame is perpendicular to the principal

axis of the mirror, then calculate the following:

(a) Distance of the image from the mirror

(b) Length of the image

If the distance between the mirror and the

flame is reduced to 10 em, then what would be

observed on the screen? Draw ray diagram to

justify your answer for this situation.

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7. A 2 cm high object is placed at a distance of

32 cm from a concave mirror. The image is real,

inverted and 3 cm in size. Find the focal length

of the mirror and the position where the

image is formed?
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8. A convex mirror used for rear-view on an

automobile has a radius of curvature of 3.00

m. If a bus is located at 5.00 m from this

mirror, find the position, nature and size of the

image.

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9. Size of image of an object fomed by a mirror

having a focal length of 20 cm , is obseved to

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be reduced to rd of its size. At what distance
3

the object has been placed from the mirror ?

What is the nature of the image and the

mirror ?

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10. A truck uses a convex mirror as view finder

whose radius of curvature is 2.0 m. A maruti

car is coming behind the truck at a distance of

10 m. What will be the position of the image of

the car and size of the image of the car when

observed by the driver of the truck through

the convex mirror?

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11. If the angle of incidence(i)for a light ray in

air be 45
∘
and the angle of refraction (r)in

glass be 30 , find refractive index of glass with

∘

respect to air.

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12. Refractive index of water with respect to air

is 1.33. What is the value of refractive index of

air with respect to water?

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13. The absolute refractive indices of glass and

water are 4/3 and 3/2 respectively . If the

speed of light in glass is 2 × 10

8
m/s ,

calculate the speed of light in (i) vaccum , (ii)

water.
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14. Refractive index of water with respect to air

is 4/3 and glass is 3/2 . What is the refractive

index of glass with respect to water ?

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15. The refractive indices of glass and water

with respect to air are 3/2 and 4/3

respectivelyl . If speed of light in glass is

8
2 × 10 m / s , find the speed of light in water.
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16. Refractive indices of water and benzene

with respect to air are 1.33 and 1.50

respectively. Calculate the refractive index of

benzene with respect to water.

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17. Refractive index of diamond with respect to

glass is 1.6 and absolute refractive index of

glass is 1.5. Find out the absolute refractive

index of diamond.

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18. The absolute refractive indices of two

media 'A' and 'B'are 2.0 and 1.5 respectively. If

the speed of light in medium 'B' is 2 × 10

8

m/s, calculate the speed of light in:

(i) vacuum (ii) medium 'A'.

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19. The image of a candle flame formed by a

lens is obtained on a screen placed on the

other side of the lens. If the image is three

times the size of the flame and the distance

between lens and image is 80 cm, at what

distance should the candle be placed from the

lens? What is the nature of the image at a

distance of 80 cm from the lens?

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20. An object 3 cm high is placed 20 cm from

convex lens of focal length 12 cm. Find the

nature, position and height of the image.

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21. An object 1 m tall is placed on the principal

axis of a convex lens and its 40 cm tall image

is formed on the screen placed at a distance of

70 cm from the object. What is the focal

length of the lens ?

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22. An 5 cm tall object is placed on the

principal axis of a convex lens of focal length

50 cm at a distance of 40 cm from it. Find the

nature, position and size of image.

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23. A student focussed the image of a candle

flame on a white screen using a convex lens.

He noted down the positive of the candle,

screen and the lens as under.

Position of candle = 12.0 cm

Position of the screen = 50.0 cm

Position of the screen = 88.0 cm

(i) What is the focal length of the convex lens ?

(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts

the candle towards the lens at a position of

31.0 cm ?

(iii) What will be the nature of the image

formed if the further shifts the candle towards

the lens ?

(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation

of the image in case (iii) as said above .

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24. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance

of 64 cm from a white screen. On placing a

convex lens at a distance of 32 cm from the

object it is found that a distinct image of the

object is formed on the screen. What is the

focal length of the convex lens and size of the

image formed on the screen ?

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25. A real , size of the object is formed 18 cm
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from a lens. Calculate the focal length of the

lens.

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26. An object kept at a distance of 60 cm from

a lens gives a virtual image at a distance of 20

cm over the same side of the lens. What is the

focal length of the lens ? Is the lens

converging or diverging >

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27. "A convex lens can form a magnified erect

as well as magnified inverted image of an

object placed in front of it". Draw ray diagram

to justify this statement stating the position

of the object with respect to the lens in each

case.

An object of height 4 cm is placed at a

distance of 20 cm from a concave lens of focal

length 10 cm . Use lens formula to determine

the position of the image formed.

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28. At what distance from a concave lens of

focal length 20 cm a 6 cm tall object be placed

so as to obtain its image at 15 cm from the

lens ? Also calculate the size of the image

formed.

Ftaw a ray diagram to justify your answer for

the above situation and label it.

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29. A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm .

What is its power ?

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30. A student uses a lens of focal length 50 cm

and another of - 50 cm . What is the nature of

the lens and its power used by each of them ?

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 31. Two thin lenses of focal lengths + 10 cm

and - 5 cm are kept in contact. What is the

focal length and power of the combination.

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Hots Higher Order Thinking Skills

1. Which one of the two-glass and water is

optically denser and why?

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2. Why does white light split up into different

colours while passing through a glass prism?

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3. Can a convergent lens in one medium

become divergent in another medium?

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4. A man is going away from the plane mirror

with a velocity of 3 m/s. With what velocity is

he going away from his own image in the

mirror?

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5. Under what condition a convex lens when

placed in a medium behaves as an ordinary

glass plate?

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6. Why does a concave mirror has a real

principal focus ?

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7. A concave mirror and convex lens are

immersed in water. What change, if any, do you

expect in the focal length of the two?

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8. Which is a better reflector-a plane mirror or

a right-angled prism?

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9. A man is holding a lighted candle in front of

a thick glass mirror and on viewing it obliquely

he noticed a number of images of the candle

why ?

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10. A concave mirror of focal length f produces

an image n times the size of the object . What

would be the object distance for which the

image is real ?

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11. In the following figures, one les is places

inside each box. State the nature of the lens.

Complete the ray diagrams.

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12. A convex lens forms a blurred image of an

object on a screen.

Suggest a suitable way to get a sharp image

on a screen without disturbing the object ,

lens or the screen.

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13. Why does a ray of light parallel to the

principal axis

(i) bend towards the principal axis in the case

of a concave mirror and

(ii) goes away from the principal axis in the

case of convex mirror as shown here ?

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14. The ray diagrams given below show the

paths of a ray of light travelling from a

medium Minto different media 1, 2 and 3.

(a) In which of three media 1, 2 or 3 does light

travel: (i) faster, (ii) slower than in medium M?

(b) Arrange the media 1, 2 and 3 in descending

order of (i) speed of light through them, (ii)

their refractive index.

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15. If x , y and z denote the object distance,

image distance and the radius of curvature

respectively of a spherical mirror, which one of

the following is the correct relation between

them ?

xy
A. Z = 2
x − y

x + y
B. Z = 2
xy

xy
C. Z = 2
x − y

x − y
D. Z = 2
xy

Answer:
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16. You are given lenses with powers + 10 D, + 5

D , - 5 D, - 20 D , and -10 D . Taking a pair of

lenses at a time , which two lenses will you

select to have a combination of total focal

length when the two lenses are kept in

contact in each case.

A. 20 cm

B. − 10cm

C. − 20cm
 20
D. cm
3

Answer:

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17. A student recorded the following data for

the values of object distance and

corresponding image distance while

performing an experiment on real image

formatio lens of power + 4 D. Two of these

observations are incorrect. Without making

any calculations, identify these observations

and give reason for your choice.

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18. The given ray diagram shows a ray of light

PQ striking a mirror AB. The mirror AB and CD

are at an angle of 120

∘
with each other. The

ray PQ strikes the surface of the mirror AB at

point Q.

(i) Draw the complete path of reflection of the

ray at mirrors AB and CD.

(ii) Calculate the sum of angles which the

reflected rays make with the surfaces of

mirrors AB and CD.

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19. Compare and contrast between the image

formation by a concave and convex mirror.

Write the similarities in the common space

and the dissimilarities in the left side or the

right side.

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20. Playing with an old lens one morning, Ravi

discovers that if he holds the lens 10 cm away

from a wall opposite to a window, he can see a

sharp but upside-down picture of outside

world on the wall. That evening, he covers a

lighted lamp with a piece of opaque paper on

which he has pierced, a small hole 1 mm in

diameter. By placing the lens between the

illuminated card and the wall, he manages to

produce a sharp image of diameter 5 mm on

the wall.

What is the power of the lens ?

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21. Playing with an old lens one morning, Ravi

discovers that if he holds the lens 10 cm away

from a wall opposite to a window, he can see a

sharp but upside-down picture of outside

world on the wall. That evening, he covers a

lighted lamp with a piece of opaque paper on

which he has pierced, a small hole 1 mm in

diameter. By placing the lens between the

illuminated card and the wall, he manages to

produce a sharp image of diameter 5 mm on

the wall.

In the evening experiment , how far away from

the opaque paper did he place the lens ?

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22. Playing with an old lens one morning, Ravi

discovers that if he holds the lens 10 cm away

from a wall opposite to a window, he can see a

sharp but upside-down picture of outside

world on the wall. That evening, he covers a

lighted lamp with a piece of opaque paper on

which he has pierced, a small hole 1 mm in

diameter. By placing the lens between the

illuminated card and the wall, he manages to

produce a sharp image of diameter 5 mm on

the wall.

How far apart were the card and the wall ?

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23. If the image formed by a lens for all

positions of the object placed in front of it is

always virtual, erect and diminished, state the

 type of the lens. Draw a ray diagram in

support of your answer. If the numerical value

of focal length of such a lens is 20 cm, find its

power in new cartesian sign conventions.

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Some Important Numericals For Practice

1. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm

from a convex mirror of focal length 5 cm .

(i) Draw a ray diagram showing the formation

of image.

(ii) State two characterisitics of the image

formed.

(iii) Calculate the distance of the image from

mirror.

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2. An object placed 20 cm in front of a mirror

is found to form an image of 15 cm (i) in front

of it, (ii) behind the mirror. Find the focal

length of the mirror and the kind of mirror in

each case.

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3. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm

from a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm .

(i) Draw a ray diagram for the formation of

image.

(ii) Calculate the image distance.

(iii) State two characteristics of the image

formed.
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4. If an object 10 cm high is placed at a

distance of 36 cm from a concave mirror of

focal length 12 cm , find the position , nature

and height of the image.

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5. An arrow 2.5 cm high is placed at a distance

of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal

length 20 cm. Find the nature, position and

size of the image formed.

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6. A converging mirror forms a real image of

height 4 cm of an object of height 1 cm placed

20 cm away from the mirror.

Calculate (i) image distance, (ii) focal length of

the mirror.

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7. In an experiment with a rectangular glass

slab, a student observed that a ray of light

incident at an angle of 60 with the normal on

∘

one face of the slab, after refraction, strikes

the opposite face of the slab before emerging

out in air making an angle of 42

∘
with the

normal. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show

the path of this ray. What value would you

assign to the angle of refraction and angle of

emergence?

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8. Three beams of light 1, 2 and 3 of the same

wavelength are sent through three different

materials of refractive indices 1.60, 1.50 and

1.55. Arrange the velocity of these beams in

different materials in ascending order.

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9. A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. At

what distance from the lens should the object

be placed so that it forms a real and inverted

image 20 cm away from the lens? What could

be the size of the image formed if the object is

2 cm high? With the help of a ray diagram,

show the formation of the image by the lens

in this case.

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10. The image of a candle flame placed at a

distance of 30 cm from a spherical lens is

formed on a screen placed on the other side

of the lens at a distance of 60 cm from the

optical centre of the lens. Identify the type of

lens and calculate its focal length. If the height

of the flame is 3 cm, find the height of its

image.

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11. An object of height 5 cm is placed

perpendicular to the principal axis of a

concave lens of focal length 10 cm. If the

distance of the object from the optical centre

of the lens is 20 cm, determine the position,

nature and size of the image formed using the

lens formula.

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12. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At

what distance should the object from the lens

be placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm

from the lens? Also, find the magnification of

the lens.

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13. At what distance should an object be

placed from a convex lens of focal length 18

cm to obtain an image at 24 cm from it on the

other side. What will be the magnification

produced in this case?

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14. A 2 cm high candle flame is placed at a

distance of 80 cm from a white screen. On

placing a convex lens exactly at the mid point

of the candle and the screen, a distant image

of the flame is seen on the screen. What is the

focal length of the lens and the size of the

candle flame image formed? Draw a ray

diagram to show the formation of the image

in this case.

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15. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10

cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a

lens produce an image of a complete object

placed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens?

Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.

A4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to

the principal axis of a convex lens of focal

length 20 cm. The distance of the object from

the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and

size of the image.

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16. The power of a lens is +4D. What kind of

lens is it and what is its focal length?

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17. A lens has focal length of 10 cm. What is the

power of the lens and what is its nature?

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18. The power of a lens is - 2 D. What is its focal

length?

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 19. Two lenses of power 3D and -5D are placed

in contact to form a composite lens. An object

is placed at a distance 50 cm from this

composite lens,find the position of the image.

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Proficiency Exercise Short Answer Questions I

1. The image of an object formed by a lens is

real, inverted and of the same size as the

 object. If the image is at a distance of 40 cm

from the lens, what is the nature and power of

the lens? Draw ray diagram to justify your

answer.

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Proficiency Exercise Long Answer Questions

1. Find the position of an object which when

placed in front of a concave mirror of focal

length 20 cm produces a virtual image twice

the size of the object.

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2. An object 2 cm in size is placed 20 cm in

front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm.

Find the distance from the mirror at which a

screen should be placed in order to obtain

sharp image. What will be the size and nature

of the image formed?

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3. When an object is placed at a distance of 60

cm from a convex mirror the magnification

1
produced is . Where should the object be
2

1
placed to get a magnification of
3

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4. A concave lens has focal length of 20 cm. At

what distance from the lens a 5 cm tall object

be placed so that it forms an image at a

distance of 15 cm from the lens? Also calculate

the size of the image formed.

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5. At what distance should an object be placed

from a convex lens of focal length 18 cm to

obtain an image at 36 cm from it? What will be

the magnification produced in this case?

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