1. ANGINA PECTORIS 2. HEART ATTACK 3. CARDIAC ARREST 4.

STROKE
• Bleeding within brain/blood clot in
• Chest Pain/discomfort • Acute myocardial infarction /blood • Heart suddenly stopped, victim will brain (Cerebral Thrombosis)
• Insufficient blood supply to heart clot blocks coronary artery stop breathing. (Sudden Death)
Sign & Symptoms
• Narrowing coronary arteries Sign & Symptoms Causes • Sudden severe headache
Sign & Symptoms • Severe chest pain/discomfort • VF • Sudden numbness-face/facial
• Chest pain down left arm & neck • Shortness breath/suffocation • Stroke drooping, arm or leg
• Diff breathing, shortness breath • Giddiness & sweating • Electrical shock • Sudden blurring vision, Slurring
• Face may be pale • Pale face, skin cold & clammy • Drowning speech, Confuse
• Pulse rapid & weak • Nausea/vomiting • Suffocation • Trouble walking, dizziness, loss
• General body weakness • Pulse rapid, weak & irregular • Drug overdose balance/coordination
• Feeling apprehensive & fearful • Trauma Treatment
Treatment • Collapse w/out warning • Severe allergic reactions
• Complete rest/recline seat Conscious:
Treatment • recline seat, turn head to drooped
• Loosen tight clothing Sign & Symptoms
• Rest/recline seat (half seating) side (secretions drain frm mouth)
• Reassure victim • Unresponsive
• Loosen tight clothing • Administer Hi-flow O2, loose tight
• Administer Hi-flow O2 • Absence breathing
• Reassure victim clothing
• Check medications/GTN • Absence circulation
• Administer Hi-flow O2 • Page for Doc & inform PIC
• Page doc & inform PIC/ICC • Check medications/history Treatment Unconscious/breathing:
• Monitor & record vital sign (10 – 15 • Page doc & inform PIC/ICC • Page for Doc • Recovery postn
min)
• Monitor & record vital sign (10-15 • Begin CPR • Monitor: consciousness, airway,
 GTN – place underneath the tongue min) breathing & circulation
(to dilate coronary arteries)
• Prepared to resuscitate • Prepared to resuscitated
• DO NOT give anything by mouth

5. EPILEPSY 6. ASPHYXIA 7. ASTHMA 8. HYPERVENTILATION

• Suffocation lead to hypoxia • Inflammation/muscle spasm in lungs (EMOTIONAL OVER-BREATHING)
• Abnormal electrical activity in brain • Brain death – 4 to 6 mins (absence • Breathing diff & wheezing
• Excessive, rapid breathing – resulting
Sign & Symptoms Oxygen) Causes
excessive loss of carbon dioxide,
• Allergic reaction frm inhale pollens causing chemical changes to body
• Premonition/warning cry Causes
• Vigorous exercise Causes
• Face & lip – blue/ashen grey • Chocking,
• Emotional distress • Severe mental stress, anxiety, fears
• Tongue falling back
• Eyes roll upwards & face contorted • Weather changes • Nervousness, tension during panic
• Suffocation by pillow/plastic bags
• Hereditary attack
• Violent, involuntary muscle spasm • Inhale poison gas
• Drowning Sign & Symptoms • Fatigue
• Frothing
• Electrical injury • Shortness of breath • Maybe result of severe disease states
• Involuntary bowels & bladder • Wheezing
• Brain injury Sign & Symptoms
• unconsciousness • Excessive drugs/alcohol in blood • Chest tightness • Rapid, shallow, irregular breathing
• Coughing • Cold, numbness & tingling of face,
Treatment Sign & Symptoms • Distress/fear of suffocation hand & feet
•
• Recline seat, protect from injury Noisy breathing, • Severe attack: develop shock & • Blurred vision
• Frothing, collapse • Dizziness
• DO NOT restrain victim
• Cyanosis, Treatment • Loss sense of balance
• DO NOT move/lift victim (unless • Unconscious,
danger), • Reassure victim to relieve anxiety & • Extreme cases, muscular spasms of
• Maybe in respiratory/cardiac arrest fear hands & feet loss of consciousness
• DO NOT force anything by mouth • Sit upright & lean fwd wth arm
Treatment Treatment
• Open airway, turning head one side resting on tray table • Reassure victim
(drain secretions) • Maintain open airway & administer • Loosen tight clothing
O2 if not breathing normally • Take slow, deep breath & hold breath
• Monitor breathing/loose tight • Administer O2 few seconds
clothing, Give O2 if necessary • Collapse & not breathing - rescue • Check medical history & assist use • Breathe into airsickness bag
breathing or CPR victim inhaler (act as bronchodilator • Keep victim warm & monitor condt
• Place in comfortable postn e.g. Ventolin Inhaler) • Use a disconnected oxygen mask
• Monitor breathing & pulse

9. DIABETES MELLITUS 10. DIABETES MELLITUS 11. INDIGESTION 12. HICCUPS

HYPERGLYCAEMIA HYPOGLYCAEMIA
• Abdominal discomfort/flatulence/ • Sudden repeated, noisy intake air –
a. Hyperglycaemia Coma (Diabetic b. Hypoglycaemia Coma (Insulin heartburn involuntary contraction/spasm of
Coma) Coma) diaphragm (digestive disturbance)
Causes
• Too much glucose(sugar) in blood / • Low blood sugar, high insulin • Overeating & overindulgence
inadequate insulin Sign & Symptoms
• Too much oily food & spicy food
• Develop gradually – 24 to 48 hrs Causes
• Gastritis • Noisy intake of air
• Insufficient food intake
• Sitting too long
Sign & Symptoms • Too much insulin • Abdomen discomfort
• Dehydration, skin warm & dry • Excessive exercise Sign & Symptoms
• Vomiting Sign & Symptoms • Bloated abdomen/discomfort • Stomach pain if prolonged
• Breathing deep & rapid: sweet/fruity • Feels faint, dizzy • Heartburn
odour on the breath (aceton) • Pace face, sweating • Abdominal cramps Treatment
• Pulse rapid & weak • Skin cold & clammy • Nausea
• Drowsiness & confusion • Belching • Sit quietly & hold breath
• Body tremor & shivers
• Gradual loss consciousness to coma • Rapid pulse & shallow breathing • Drink water slowly from a glass
Treatment
Treatment (odourless) • Walk around
• Restlessness & irritability • Breathe in & out through airsickness
• Insulin injection by victim • Take soda water
• Aggressive & convulsion bag covering mouth & nose
• In doubt give sweet drink • Antacid tablet: Actal/Novaluzid
• Lapse into coma if no treatment
Treatment
• Give sweetened drink (rapid recovery
5 to 10 mins)
 13. FOOD POISONING 14. AIRSICKNESS 15. HYSTERICAL/HYSTERIA 16. HEAT EXHAUSTION
Causes
• Air turbulence • Temporary loss of behavioural • Exposed hot environment (temp abv
Causes control – emotional upset 26°C/80°F)
• Bacteria & toxins in the food • Warm & poor ventilated cabin
• Insufficient food / rest • Can caused - hyperventilation • Severe loss of salt & water –
Sign & Symptoms excessive sweating
• Overindulgence eating/drinking Causes
• Nausea & vomiting • Fear of flying • Psychological stress – fear of flying Sign & Symptoms
• Diarrhoea • Unpleasant odour • Sudden death loved one • Profuse sweating
• Abdominal pain/cramps • Emotional stress • Flushed skin
Sign & Symptoms
• Fever, dizziness & headache • Light headedness & dizziness
• Dizziness & headache
• Dehydration & shock/collapse Sign & Symptoms • Breathing rapid, shallow
• Nausea & vomiting
• Shouting/screaming • Pulse rapid, weak
Treatment • Pale & excessive perspiration
• Crying/laughing • Cramps in the limbs
• Drink plenty of water • Stomach discomfort
• Hyperventilating • Nausea
• Medication: Vancontil/Colodium • Apprehension & restlessness
(medication pouch) Treatment Treatment • Normal body temperature
• Avoid dairy product & spicy food • Open air vent & apply cool towel at • Remove to place least observed Treatment
• Do not give by anything by mouth forehead • Reassure victim, one to one comm
• Resume light diet slowly when • Be firm & positive handling victim • Lie down in cool place & elevate legs
• Recline seat, close window shade –
condition improves ensure sufficient rest & sleep • Breathe normally • Give cool water/diluted salted water
• Treat dehydration & shock • Do not offer food /drink if feeling • Remain with victim till recover • Monitor ABCs & administer O2
• Save sample food/vomitus for nausea • Keep victim warm & comfortable • Get urgent medical attn
inspection • Breathe slowly & administer O2 if
victim is pale
• Offer airsickness bag.
• Medication: Apo

17. HEATSTROKE 18. HYPOTHERMIA 19. FROSTBITE 20. EMBOLISM

(SUBNORMAL TEMPERATURE) • Occurs in freezing & cold windy
• Exposed hot environment for too long • Body temp below 35° /95°F conditions • Blockage in the arteries
• Body Temp 41.1°C/106°F
Sign & Symptoms Sign & Symptoms Causes
Sign & Symptoms • Loss of sensation – affected area • Deep Vein Thrombosis – primary
• Shivering badly • Numb & bright colour cause of embolism
• Body Temp
• Skin pale, dry & very cold • Deep frostbite, skin: white/greyish- • Blocking an artery in lungs, brain, etc
• Skin flushed, very hot & dry
• Blurred vision, slurred speech yellow then blue & black
• Headache & dizziness Symptoms: Vary
• Skin be firm & frozen (swelling &
• Breathing rapid & shallow • Slow breathing & pulse • Embolism in Lungs – pulmonary
blisters)
embolism
• Pulse rapid & weak • Withdrawn, mental confusion Treatment • Embolism in Brain – stroke
• Restlessness, confusion Treatment • Remove tight clothing frm affected • Embolism in Coronary vessels –
• Possible seizures • Move to warm place area Heart Attack
• Warm frostbite area slowly: • Altered vision, chest pain,
• Semiconscious/unconscious • Change wet clothing to warm & dry immersing in warm water/keep palpitations, sweating/severe diff
Treatment •
Wrap in blankets covered till colour & sensation breathing
returns
• Keep out of direct sun • Give warm drink
• Treat as hypothermia Treatment
• Lay down in the coolest place • Seek medical attn • Seek medical attn • Aim to dissolve, remove/limit growth
• Remove clothing & sponge body wth Caution Caution blood clot
cold water/placing in cool water • Do not rub: prevent gangrene • Achieved through medication, min
• Do not use hot water bottle
• Cover wth wet sheet & fanning • Never warm frostbite with hot water procedures/rarely surgery
• Do not give alcohol bottle
• Get medical asstn
• Do not move around/rub skin • Do not walk on defrosted foot
• Do not break blisters

21. GASTROINTESTINAL 22. ALLERGY REACTION 23(1-2). EXTERNAL BLEEDING 23(2-2). EXTERNAL BLEEDING
• Trapped gas: Abdominal pain • Exposed to drugs, food (shellfish/ 3 types
(stomach ache/gas pain), Intermittent nuts), animals ii. Elevation
• Arterial – bright red (oxygenated), − Elevate injured arm/leg
pain, Bloated abdomen Sign & Symptoms blood spurts out, diff to control maintain direct pressure
Causes • Swelling around eyes & lips, redness • Venous – dark red (deoxygenated, (limbs/extremities)
• Overeating of eyes blood flow steady & smooth, easier − Do not elevate – fracture till
• Too much oily/spicy food • Severe cases – get shock to control splinted
• Gastritis • Diff in breathing/shortness of breath • Capillary – slow blood flow, tends to iii. Pressure Points – Indirect Pressure
• Sitting too long Management ooze (Not more than 10 mins/2 major
• Page Doc Control External Bleeding – 4 methods points)
Sign & Symptoms • Direct pressure
• Treat for shock  Brachial Artery – control
• Bloated abdomen • Elevation
• Prepared to resuscitate bleeding lower part arm &
• Heartburn • Pressure points (indirect pressure) elbow (located: along inner
• Abdominal cramps/pain • Tourniquet side upper arm)
• Nausea i. Direct pressure  Femoral Artery – control
• Belching − Cover wound bleeding: thigh & lower leg
Treatment − Direct pressure – 10 mins (located: groin)
• Walk around, take soda water − Do not remove blood-stained iv. Tourniquet
• Alka-Seltzer (no allergy to aspirin) dressing – add more layer − Strap around arm/leg abv wound
• Actal tablet (aspirin allergy) & tightened – stop bleeding
− Used by trained medical
personnel-last resort
 24. INTERNAL BLEEDING 25. BLEEDING FROM EAR 26. COUGHING BLOOD FROM 27. VOMITING BLOOD FROM
LUNGS STOMACH
• Sign – bruise • Due to a rupture (perforation) of the
eardrum • Blood bright red (oxygenated) & • Suspected of having some form of
Sign & Symptoms frothy because it is mixed with air abdominal emergencies
• Coughing/vomiting blood Causes
• Foreign body inside the ear • Condition may be caused by lung • Blood may be fresh/dark brown mixed
• Abdominal tenderness • Blow to the side of the head disease e.g.: tuberculosis, lung wth digested food & resembling
• Rectal bleeding • Skull fracture cancer, and abscess coffee ground

• Vaginal bleeding Treatment Treatment

Sign & Symptoms
• Recline seat/lie victim down & turn
• Blood in urine/bloody diarrhoea • Sharp pain as the eardrum ruptures • Sit upright/recline to half-sitting - head to one side
• Bleeding ear/nose • Earache and deafness followed improve breathing diff • Keep airway clear all times to prevent
• Moderate flow of blood seen
• Pain, swelling, bruising/discoloration • To be in most comfortable postn/lean inhalation of blood
• If bleeding follows a head injury, the against painful site • Provide reassurance & treat for
• Shock thirst, sweating, pale, cold & blood may appear thin and watery
• Provide reassurance &treat for shock shock
clammy skin, rapid breathing & pulse,
Treatment • Administer high-flow O2 & keep
vomiting • Administer high-flow oxygen
• Recline (half-sitting postn) head tilted victim warm
Treatment to injured side-blood drain out • Do not offer anything by mouth • Do not offer anything by mouth
• DO NOT plug the ear/put anything • Monitor vital signs, keep victim warm • Monitor vital signs, keep victim warm
• Bruise – apply ice cold/cold compress inside the ear • Assist victim rinse his mouth & keep
• Treat for shock, seek medical asstn • Assist victim rinse his mouth & keep
• Cover ear with clean dressing & all blood samples with victim for
all blood samples with victim for inspection &note amt of blood loss
secure bandage lightly
inspection & note amt of blood loss
• Reassure victim & check vital signs • Seek urgent medical attention
• Seek medical attention • Seek urgent medical attention • Keep PIC & prepare to resuscitate
• Keep PIC & prepare to resuscitate

28. NOSE BLEED 29. WOUNDS 30. MUSCLE STRAIN 32. SPRAIN
• Blood vessels inside the nostrils are • Injury caused by any physical means
ruptured - leads to damage of a body • Strain/muscle pull-stretching/tearing • Sprain - joint injury caused by
Causes • Classified: Closed/Open Wounds of the muscle causing pain, swelling excessive stretching/tearing of the
• Blow to the nose A. Closed Wounds & bruising of the soft tissues supporting ligaments.
• Sneezing, picking or blowing the nose • Bruise (contusions) - injury of the soft • No ligament/joint damage
Sign & Symptoms
• High blood pressure tissue beneath skin Treatment • Pain & tenderness around the joint
Treatment • Injured area - discoloured & swells • Rest & support injured part.
• Keep victim quiet and comfortable • Pain increased by movement, unable
• Sit victim down wth head leaning fwd Treatment
to bear weight
• DO NOT raise head/tilt backwards • Apply cold compress - relieve pain & • Apply ice pack/cold compress to
• Pinch nostrils & maintain direct swelling reduce pain & swelling • Swelling over the joint
pressure - 10 minutes • Fill plastic bag wth crushed ice cubes • Offer Panadol to relieve pain/seek • Bruising develops gradually
• Advise victim not to speak, swallow, & wrapped in a towel (Ice Pack)/ medical help
cough/sneeze - disrupt blood clots soak towel/cloth in cold water (Cold Treatment
• Apply ice pack/cold compress to the Compress) • Follow the RICE procedures
bridge of nose • Treat for shock (suspect internal
bleeding)
31. MUSCLE CRAMP • Rest & support injured part
• DO NOT pack nostrils with gauzes to
stop bleeding B. Open Wounds • Sudden pain in a limb caused by • Ice or cold compress, apply for 5-10
• Loosen any tight clothing around neck • Caused by injury that breaks the skin tightening/contraction of a muscle/ minutes to reduce swelling, bruising
• Offer airsickness bag or mucous membrane group of muscles & pain
• Bleeding stops, advise to rest quietly Dressing and Bandaging • Compress injury - applying crepe
• Control bleeding Treatment
• Avoid blowing nose for at least 4 hours bandage firmly over the joint
• Prevent further contamination of the • Stretching affected muscles-relieve
• Seek urgent medical attention, • Elevate and support the injured limb
wound pain and cramp (calf, thigh, foot or
(nosebleed - beyond 30 mins)
• Immobilize the injured area hand) • Seek medical help
• Prevent movement of impaled objects  Unsure if injury is a sprain or
fracture, TREAT AS FRACTURE

33(2-2). FRACTURES
33. DISLOCATION 33(1-2). FRACTURES 34(1-3). HEAD INJURIES
• Dislocation is a displacement of one or • Broken bone Treatment
more bones from the joint • Classified: Closed/Open Fracture • Perform initial assessment & • Potentially serious & life threatening
stabilized the ABCs
Sign & Symptoms A. Closed Fracture • Treat for shock • Classified into open and closed head
• Intense pain & tenderness • Bone is broken but there is no break • DO NOT give anything by mouth injuries
• Unable to move the joint in the skin/external wound • DO NOT move victim before Causes
• Marked deformity of the joint splinting, unless in danger
B. Open Fracture • Hitting head against ceiling/walls
• Swelling • Open Fracture, apply firm but gentle
• Numbness/impaired circulation to the • Bone is broken, & the overlying skin is pressure to control bleeding from the with great force during turbulence
limb/digit lacerated sides of the protruding bone
• Fallen objects from the overhead bin
• Shock may occur • Caused by the fracture bone end • DO NOT push protruding bone back
protruding the skin into place. Cover open wounds with • Injury due to a fall from a height
Treatment dry, clean dressing before splinting
• Place pillow/rolled blanket between Sign & Symptoms • Apply a splint to immobilise the • Motor vehicle accidents
the arm & chest fracture limb.
• Pain and tenderness at the injury site
• Apply an arm sling to support weight • Immobilize joints abv & below the
of the forearm • Deformity, Swelling, Bruising
fracture.
• DO NOT attempt to replace/reduce the • Inability/unable to move the extremity • Splint fractured limb in its deformed
dislocation or limb postn in which it is found
• DO NOT give victim anything to eat or • Do not attempt to straighten fractured
• Victim may be in shock
drink limbs
• Be prepared to treat for shock • In Open Fracture, external wound wth
• Monitor the circulation, sensation,
• Seek urgent medical asstn. Transport bleeding & broken bone ends can be
colour & nervous function - before &
the victim in a sitting position seen
after splinting
• After splinting, keep limb elevated if
possible & seek medical attn.
 34(2-3). HEAD INJURIES 34(3-3). HEAD INJURIES 35. SPINAL INJURIES 36(1-3). BURNS
Treatment • Must assume - spinal injury in all
Sign & Symptoms patients sustained head injuries • Damage to the skin caused by heat
• Laceration, contusions, haematoma or • Protect & stabilize spine at all times Sign & Symptoms • Types of Burns (6):
swelling to scalp • Avoid moving neck unnecessarily • Pain in the neck/back
• Visible fractures/deformities of skull until the spine can be appropriately • Swelling & tenderness on the spine i. Thermal burns - caused by dry heat
splinted
• Clear/blood-stained fluid (CSF) • Inability to move the neck/the back ii. Chemical Burns - strong acids/ alkalis
leakage from scalp wound (nose/ ear) • Establish an adequate airway • Numbness/tingling over the limbs solutions
• Always provide high-flow oxygen • May be paralysis frm neck/waist down
• Temporary loss of memory (amnesia) iii. Electrical Burns - contact with
• Unconscious, perform the jaw-thrust Treatment high/low-voltage electricity
• Headache/dizziness
manoeuvre to open the airway. • DO NOT move victim frm postn found
• Nausea/vomiting Maintain head & spine in neutral, in- unless in danger iv. Friction burns - friction from sliding
• Slow/irregular breathing & pulse line position • Conscious - not to move the head down a rope
• Kneel behind victim, support head &
• Unequal pupils size/Failure pupils to • Control bleeding. Provide adequate v. Cold burns – frostbite/contact with
neck-neutral postn. Place your hands
respond to light circulation dry ice
firmly around base-skull (either sides
• Visual complaints • Begin CPR if necessary & over the ears). Place pillows, vi. Radiation burns - exposure to
• Seizures • Assess level consciousness & cont.’ rolled blankets/coats besides victim’s radiation treatment
monitor it head/neck/shoulder
• Numbness in the extremities/Loss of • DO NOT pull at the neck/place
sensation/motor function • DO NOT apply pressure to an open
pillows under the head
or depress skull injury
• Period of unconsciousness • Turning required, use asstn maintain
• Dazed or confused as victim regains support – head/neck/trunk/toes
consciousness • Unconscious - jaw-thrust method
• Seek urgent medical attention
• Immobilize victim before
transportation

36(2-3). BURNS 36(3-3) BURNS 37. CHEMICAL BURNS 38. CHEMICAL BURNS OF THE
• Classifications of burns (3): General Treatment • A strong toxic substance such as EYE
i. Superficial Burns (first-degree • Ensure safety & move victim from the acid/strong alkalis contacts the body
burns) • Cause extreme pain and severe injury
burning area Treatment in the eyes
- Top outer layer of skin - epidermis • No Rescue attempts if your life at risk
(Sunburn)
• Always wear gloves when treating a • Remove chemical frm victim. A dry • Caused by acid/alkaline solutions
Signs and symptoms: chemical - in contact with water may
burn victim
 Minor to moderate pain damage skin more when it is wet Treatment
• Assess victim’s CAB’s & give oxygen
 Mild swelling therapy if necessary
 Skin redness • Brush dry chemicals off skin & • Flush affected eye/eyes with water
• Immerse burning area in cold water clothing before flushing the victim (15 to 30 mins).
ii. Partial-Thickness Burns (second- immediately / use wet clean towel
degree burns) with water
• Cover it with dry dressing after the • If only one eye is affected, take care
- Deeper layer of skin - epidermis & • Remove victim’s clothing & shoes if to prevent any of the chemical or
burned area is cooled
some of the dermis (Blisters) contaminated with the chemical contaminated water from getting into
• DO NOT apply ointments, lotion or
Signs and symptoms: the other eye during flushing.
cream to any burn
 Severe pain • Immediately begin to flush the burned
• DO NOT break any blisters on area with large amount of water (15 • Direct the water from the inner
 Skin redness and swelling
purpose mins)/ until pain stopped. corner of the eye to the outward edge
 Blisters formation
• DO NOT remove any clothing that is of the eye
iii. Full-Thickness Burns (third-
degree burns)
stuck to the burn • Protect yourself from any contact
• DO NOT touch the burned skin with with chemical (gloves) • After flushing, apply an eye pad or a
- Most serious type, damage all layers
bare hands clean dressing to cover the eye.
of skin. • After flushing, cover burned area with
- Pain is often absent (nerve endings • DO NOT use adhesive plaster on Transport the victim promptly to the
burns dressing dry dressing & seek urgent medical hospital for further care
have been destroyed) treatment
Signs and symptoms: • Check for other body injuries such as
 No feeling of pain fracture/bleeding
 Skin: dry/leathery/waxy/pale/white/ • Treat for shock & seek urgent
charred medical attention
 Swelling • Prepared to resuscitate if necessary

41. DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS

39. ELECTRICAL BURNS 40. HYPOXIA • Slow decom - gradual increase of
• Caused: Contact with high or low- • Lack of Oxygen hypoxia
voltage electricity Sign & Symptoms • Rapid decom - gas expansion and
Signs and symptoms • Nervousness/irritability/apprehension hypoxia will be obvious
• Major internal damage • Difficulty breathing, shortness of • Scuba diving within 24 hours
• Damage muscles/nerves/blood vessels breath • Recommended that divers should rest:
& internal organs • Dizziness  12 hours -below 30-feet depth
• Irregularities of cardiac rhythm or • Sleepiness  24 hours - more than 30-feet depth
even cardiac arrest
• Blurred vision  Flight crew should not fly within
• An entry & exit wound
• Nausea 48 hrs - exceeding 10m/30 feet
Treatment
• Impaired judgment Sign & Symptoms
• DO NOT attempt to remove or
• Poor coordination • Bends: severe abdominal/joint pain
approach victim still in contact a live
power line/any other electrical source • Possibly chest pain • Chokes: tightness in chest (chest pain)
• Do not touch victim’s body with your Treatment shortness of breath & pink/blood froth
bare hands. Disconnect/turn power off • Administer high-flow oxygen (from the mouth and nose)
• After ensuring power disconnected, immediately • Air bubble affects brain/spinal cord,
examine victim carefully, access the • Recovery - rapid (within 15 seconds signs & symptoms similar to stroke
CABs after oxygen is administered) • Creeps: - Intense skin irritation and
• If necessary, begin CPR & apply AED blotchy rashes
• Treat for external burns. Cover the Treatment
burn wounds with dry dressing • Administer high-flow oxygen
• Treat for shock & seek urgent medical • Check the CABs
attention. • Get urgent medical attn. immediately
• Offer painkillers
• Advise to rest