UNIT-V

JSP (Java Server Page)

Introduction to JSP

Que:
1. Define JSP page.
Ans:
 JSP (Java Server Page) is server-side programming technology that is used to create
dynamic web page or web application.
 This is mainly used for implementing presentation layer (GUI Part) of an application.

 A complete JSP code is more like a HTML with bits of java code in it.

 A JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags.

 JSP can be an extension to Servlet because it provides more functionality than servlet.

 The JSP pages are easier to maintain than Servlet.

 Every JSP page first gets converted into servlet by JSP container before processing the
client’s request.

 JSP have full access to Java technology- including threads and database connectivity.

How JSP Works

Que:
1. How to call JSP from servlet? Explain with example.
Ans:
 The following diagram shows how the web server creates the Webpage using JSP :

1. Web browser sends an HTTP request to the web server.

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 2. The web server recognizes that the HTTP request is for a JSP page and forwards it to a
JSP Web Container. This is done by using the URL or JSP page which ends
with .jsp instead of .html.

3. The JSP engine loads the JSP page from disk and converts it into a servlet content.
This conversion is very simple in which all template text is converted to println( )
statements and all JSP elements are converted to Java code. This code implements the
corresponding dynamic behavior of the page.

4. The JSP engine compiles the servlet and generate .class file and forwards the original
request to a servlet engine.

5. Then the servlet engine loads the Servlet class and executes it. During execution, the
servlet produces an output in HTML format. The output is further passed on to the web
server by the servlet engine inside an HTTP response.

6. The web server forwards the HTTP response to your browser in terms of static HTML
content.

7. Finally, the web browser handles the dynamically-generated HTML page inside the
HTTP response exactly as if it were a static page.

 Typically, the JSP engine checks to see whether a servlet for a JSP file already exists
and whether the modification date on the JSP is older than the servlet.
 If the JSP is older than its generated servlet, the JSP container assumes that the JSP
hasn't changed and that the generated servlet still matches the JSP's contents. This
makes the process more efficient than with the other scripting languages (such as PHP)
and therefore faster.

Lifecycle of JSP

Que:
1. Explain the Life Cycle of JSP page, with methods.
2. What are JSP lifecycle methods?
3. Explain life cycle of JSP.
4. List two methods of JSP life cycle which can be overridden.
5. Explain life cycle of JSP page.
6. Explain methods of JSP life cycle.
7. Explain the architecture of JSP with neat diagram.
Ans:
 A JSP life cycle is defined as the process from its creation till the destruction.
 JSP Lifecycle is exactly same as the Servlet Lifecycle, with one additional first step,
which is, translation of JSP code to Servlet code.
 JSP Lifecycle consists of following steps.

1. Translation of JSP to Servlet code.

2. Compilation of Servlet to bytecode.
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3. Loading Servlet class.
4. Creating servlet instance.
5. Initialization by calling jspInit() method
6. Request Processing by calling _jspService() method
7. Destroying by calling jspDestroy() method

1. Translation of JSP to Servlet code.

 In translation phase, Web Container checks the syntactic correctness of JSP Source
Code and parses it.
 Then,translates JSP code to Servlet Code. So, test.jsp file is translated into test.java.
2. Compilation of Servlet to bytecode
 Here,the generated java servlet file (test.java) is compiled and get servlet class file
(test.class).
3. Loading Servlet class.
 Web Container loads the class file.

4. Creating servlet instance.

 In this step, Container creates the instance of the class.

 The container manages one or more instances of this class in the response to requests
and other events. Typically, a JSP container is built using a servlet container. A JSP
container is an extension of servlet container as both the container support JSP and
servlet.

5. Initialization by calling jspInit() method

 When a container loads a JSP it invokes the jspInit() method before servicing any
requests.
 If we need to perform JSP-specific initialization, override the jspInit() method
public void jspInit(){

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 // Initialization code...

}
 This method is called only once in JSP life Cycle.
 We generally initialize database connections, open files, and create lookup tables in the
jspInit method.

6. Request Processing by calling _jspService() method

 Whenever a browser requests a JSP and the page has been loaded and initialized, the
JSP engine invokes the _jspService() method in the JSP.
 The _jspService() method takes an HttpServletRequest and an HttpServletResponse as
its parameters as follows:

void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

// Service handling code...

}

 The _jspService() method of a JSP is invoked once per a request and is responsible for
generating the response for that request.
 This method is also responsible for generating responses to all of the HTTP methods ie.
GET, POST, DELETE etc.

7. Destroying by calling jspDestroy() method

 This method is called only once in life cycle.

 When web container removes the servlet instance, it calls jspDestroy() method to
perfom any required any clean up, such as releasing database connections or closing
open files.
public void jspDestroy() {

// Your cleanup code goes here.

Creating a simple JSP Page

Que:
1. Write the Simple JSP program to print “hello”.
Ans:
 To create the first JSP page, write some HTML code as given below, and save it by .jsp
extension.
 We have saved this file as index.jsp.Put it in a folder and paste the folder in the web-
apps directory in apache tomcat to run the JSP page.

index.jsp
<html>
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 <body>
<% out.print(“hello”); %>
</body>
</html>

 It will print 10 on the browser.

To run a JSP Page:

 Follow the following steps to execute this JSP page:

o Start the tomcat server.

o Put the JSP file in a web-apps directory in apache tomcat.
 The Directory structure of JSP:
o The directory structure of JSP page is same as Servlet.
o Put the JSP page outside the WEB-INF folder.

o Visit the browser by the URL http://localhost:portno/foldername/jspfile, for

example, http://localhost:8888/myapplication/index.jsp

JSP Scripting Element

Que:
1. Write Short note on JSP scripting elements.
2. List out types of JSP scripting elements.
Ans:
 JSP Scripting element are written inside <% %> tags.
 These code inside <% %> tags are processed by the JSP engine during translation of
the JSP page.

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 Any other text in the JSP page is considered as HTML code or plain text
 Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>My First JSP Page</title>
</head>
<%
int count = 0;
%>
<body>
Page Count is <% out.println(++count); %>
</body>
</html>
 There are five different types of scripting elements:

Scripting Element Example

Comment <%-- comment --%>

Directive <%@ directive %>

Declaration <%! declarations %>

Scriptlet <% scriplets %>

Expression <%= expression %>

JSP Comment
 JSP Comment is used to disable some statements of the JSP Page.
 Syntax:
<%-- JSP comment --%>
 When JSP compiler encounters the start tag <%-- of a JSP Comment, it ignores
everything from that point in the file until it finds the matching end tag --%>.
 JSP comments are only seen in the JSP page. These comments are not included in
servlet source code during translation phase, nor they appear in the HTTP response.
 Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>My First JSP Page</title>
</head>
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 <%
int count = 0;
%>
<body>
<%-- Code to show page count --%>
Page Count is <% out.println(++count); %>
</body

Scriptlet Tag
Que:
1. Explain <Scriptlet> tag, with syntax.
Ans:
 Scriptlet Tag allows you to write java code inside JSP page.
 Syntax:
<% java code %>
 Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>My First JSP Page</title>
</head>
<%
int count = 0;
%>
<body>
Page Count is <% out.println(++count); %>
</body>
</html>

Declaration Tag

Que:
1. Explain JSP declaration tag with example.
Ans:
 We can declare static member, instance variable and methods inside Declaration Tag.
 Variable declare in declaration tag will be available to scriptlets,expressions and other
declaration.
 Like scriplets, declarations contain Java language statements.
 But Scriptlet code becomes part of the _jspService() method, while declaration code is
put outside the _jspService() method during translation of .jsp file into servlet.
 Syntax:
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 <%! declaration %>
 Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>My First JSP Page</title>
</head>
<%!
int count = 0;
%>
<body>
Page Count is: <% out.println(++count); %>
</body>
</html>
 The above JSP page becomes this Servlet:
public class hello_jsp extends HttpServlet
{
int count=0;
public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response) throws IOException,ServletException
{
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
response.setContenType("text/html");
out.write("<html><body>");

out.write("Page count is:");

out.print(++count);
out.write("</body></html>");
}
}

Directive Tag
 The jsp directives are the elements of a JSP source code that guide the web container
on how to translate the JSP page into it’s respective servlet.

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  Syntax:
<%@ directive attribute = "value" %>
 Zero or more spaces,tabs and newline characters can appear after opening <%@ and
before the ending %>, and one or more whitespace characters can appear after the
directive name and between attributes/value pairs.
 There are three types of directive tag:

Directive Description

<%@ page ... defines page dependent properties such as imported

package,class/interface,language, session, errorPage etc.
%>

<%@ include ... defines file to be included.

%>

<%@ taglib ... declares tag library used in the page

%>

 You can place page directive anywhere in the JSP file, but it is good practice to make it
as the first statement of the JSP page.
Page Directive:
 JSP page directive is used to define the properties applying the the JSP page, such as
the size of the allocated buffer, imported packages and classes/interfaces, defining what
type of page it is etc.
 syntax:
<%@page attribute = "value"%>
 Different properties/attributes :
The following are the different properties that can be defined using page directive :

 import attribute
 language attribute
 extends attribute
 session attribute
 isThreadSafe attribute
 isErrorPage attribute
 errorPage attribute
 contentType attribute

import attribute
 The import attribute defines the set of classes and packages that must be inported in
servlet class definition.
 Syntax:
<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
or
<%@ page import="java.util.Date,java.net.*" %>

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  Example
<html>
<body>

<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>

Today is: <%= new Date() %>

</body>
</html>
language attribute
 It defines the scripting language to be used in the page.
 The specified language will be used in scriptlets, expressions and declarations.
 By default, this attribute contains the value ‘java’.
 Syntax:
<%@ page language=’lang_name’ %>
extends attribute
 It extends attribute defines the class name of the superclass of the servlet class that is
generated from the JSP page.
 Syntax:
<%@ page extends=”package.class’ %>
session attribute
 It defines whether the JSP page is participating in an HTTP session. The value is either
true or false.
 If the value true,then the generated servlet will contain code that causes an HTTP
session to be created.
 The default value is true.
 Syntax:
<%@ Page session=”true|false” %>
isThreadSafe attribute
 It declares whether the JSP can handle simultaneous requests from multiple threads or
not.
 The value is either true or false
 Syntax:
<%@page isThreadSafe=”true|false”%>

buffer:

 It defines the size of the buffer that is allocated for handling the JSP page. The size is
defined in Kilo Bytes.

 Syntax:
<%@page buffer = "size in kb"%>

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errorPage attribute
 It defines which page to redirect to, in case the current page encournters an exception.
 Syntax:
<%@page errorPage = "URL"%>

 Example:

<%@ page errorPage = "error.jsp" %>

<%
int z = 1/0;
out.print("division of numbers is: " + z);
%>

Expression Tag

Que:
1. What is Expression in JSP? Give JSP example for it.
2. Explain JSP Expressions.
3. JSP Expressions.
4. Explain JSP expression tag.
Ans:
 Expression Tag is used to print out java language expression that is put between the
tags.
 An expression tag can hold any java language expression that can be used as an
argument to the out.print() method. Syntax of Expression Tag
 Syntax:
<%= JavaExpression %>
 Example:
<%= (2*5) %>
out.print((2*5));
 Never end an expression with semicolon inside Expression Tag.
<%= (2*5); %>
 Example of Expression Tag
<html>
<head>
<title>My First JSP Page</title>
</head>
<%
int count = 0;
%>
<body>
Page Count is <%= ++count %>
</body>
<hml>
Implicit Objects in JSP
 JSP provide access to some implicit object which represent some commonly used
objects for servlets that JSP page developers might need to use.
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  For example you can retrieve HTML form parameter data by using request variable,
which represent the HttpServletRequest object.

 Following are the JSP implicit object:

Implicit Object Description

request The HttpServletRequest object associated with the request.

response The HttpServletRequest object associated with the response that is sent back to the
browser.

Out The JspWriter object associated with the output stream of the response.

Session The HttpSession object associated with the session for the given user of request.

application The ServletContext object for the web application.

Config The ServletConfig object associated with the servlet for current JSP page.

pageContext The PageContext object that encapsulates the enviroment of a single request for this
current JSP page

Page The page variable is equivalent to this variable of Java programming language.

exception The exception object represents the Throwable object that was thrown by some other
JSP page.

To Access Database using JSP explain with example.

Que:
1. How to Access Database using JSP explain with example.
Ans:

 Create a JSP page and write JDBC code to make database connection in the JSP page.
 To retrieve the data from database table, write a SQL query "SELECT * from
tableName" and execute this query using executeQuery(sql) method of Statement
interface and store the result into ResultSet.
 To insert,update and delete data from database, write a SQL query and execute this
query using executeUpdate(sql) method of Statement interface.

Fetch the record from database Using JSP

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  The JSP file for retrieving data from database is:

retrieve.jsp
<%@page import="java.sql.DriverManager"%>
<%@page import="java.sql.ResultSet"%>
<%@page import="java.sql.Statement"%>
<%@page import="java.sql.Connection"%>
<%
String id = request.getParameter("userid");
String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String connectionUrl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/";
String database = "test";
String userid = "root";
String password = "";
try {
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>Retrieve data from database in jsp</h1>

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>first name</td>
<td>last name</td>
<td>City name</td>
<td>Email</td>

</tr>
<%
try{
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionUrl+database, userid, password);
statement=connection.createStatement();
String sql ="select * from users";
resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while(resultSet.next()){
%>
<tr>
<td><%=resultSet.getString("first_name") %></td>
<td><%=resultSet.getString("last_name") %></td>
<td><%=resultSet.getString("city_name") %></td>
<td><%=resultSet.getString("email") %></td>
</tr>
<%
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}
connection.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
%>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Insert Data into Database Using JSP

 Here we using 2 files for insert data in MySQL:

 index.html: for getting the values from the user

 process.jsp: A JSP file that process the request

index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="process.jsp">

First name:<br><input type="text" name="first_name"><br>

Last name:<br><input type="text" name="last_name"><br>
City name:<br><input type="text" name="city_name"><br>
Email Id:<br><input type="email" name="email"><br>
<br>input type="submit" value="submit">

</form>
</body>
</html>

process.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@page import="java.sql.*,java.util.*"%>
<%
String first_name=request.getParameter("first_name");
String last_name=request.getParameter("last_name");
String city_name=request.getParameter("city_name");
String email=request.getParameter("email");
try
{
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Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "root",
"");
Statement st=conn.createStatement();
int i=st.executeUpdate("insert into users(first_name,last_name,city_name,email)
values('"+first_name+"','"+last_name+"','"+city_name+"','"+email+"')");
out.println("Data is successfully inserted!");
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.print(e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
%>

Difference between JSP and servlet

Que:
1. Difference between JSP and Servlet.
2. Give difference between servlet & JSP.
Ans:

JSP SERVLET
JSP can be compiled into servlet when accessed
Servlet is java programme that are
alreadycompiled
It’s easier to code in JSP than in java Coding is difficult compared to JSP
JSP are not preferred when there is much preferred when there is much processing of
processing of data required data required

Advantages of JSP over Servlet

 There are many advantages of JSP over the Servlet. They are as follows:

1) Extension to Servlet

 JSP technology is the extension to Servlet technology. We can use all the features of the
Servlet in JSP. In addition to, we can use implicit objects, predefined tags, expression
language and Custom tags in JSP, that makes JSP development easy.

2) Easy to maintain

 JSP can be easily managed because we can easily separate our business logic with
presentation logic. In Servlet technology, we mix our business logic with the
presentation logic.

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3) Fast Development: No need to recompile and redeploy

 If JSP page is modified, we don't need to recompile and redeploy the project. The
Servlet code needs to be updated and recompiled if we have to change the look and feel
of the application.

4) Less code than Servlet

 In JSP, we can use many tags such as action tags, JSTL, custom tags, etc. that reduces
the code. Moreover, we can use EL, implicit objects, etc.

5) platform independent
 JSP is built on Java technology, so it is platform Independent.

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