SEARCH ENGINE CLONING

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
R.BENEDIT(962919104005)
M.PANEER SELVAM(962919104009)
M.S.SIVA SANKAR(962919104013)
N.S.SURJITH(962919104016)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VINS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2023

i
 APPENDIX 1

SEARCH ENGINE CLONING

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
R.BENEDIT(962919104005)
M.PANEER SELVAM(962919104009)
M.S.SIVA SANKAR(962919104013)
N.S.SURJITH(962919104016)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the

degreeof

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VINS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2023

ii
 APPENDIX 2

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “SEARCH ENGINE CLONING”is the bonafide work
of“BENEDIT.R(962919104005), PANEER SELVAM.M(962919104009), M.S.SIVA
SANKAR(962919104013), N.S.SURJITH(962919104016)”who carried out the project
work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mrs.B.PRIYA, Mrs.J. JEROPHINE BENI,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering

VINS Christian College of Engineering, VINS Christian College of Engineering,

Chunkankadai Chunkankadai

This Project report was submitted for the viva-voice held at VINS Christian
College of Engineering on …………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

iii
 APPENDIX 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGENO.

ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF FIGURES

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Idea Description 2
1.3 Overview of the Project 45

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 69

3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 Existing System 1

3.2 Proposed System 2

4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 69
4.1 Software Requirements 75

5. SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 Cloning 1
5.2 Search Engine Optimimization 2

6. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 Modules 1
6.2 Search Engine Optimization 2

7. RESULT AND OUTPUT

8. TESTING

8.1 Introduction 1
8.2 Testing 2

iv
9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

9.1 Conclusion 1
9.2 Future Enhancement 2

APPENDIX
A.1 Domain Description
A.2 Language Description
A.3 Source Code

v
6 LIST OF FIGURES

Optimization 1
Acknowledgement 2
Request

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to put on record our sincere thanks to all who
enlightened our path towards the successful completion of this project. At the very
outlet, we thank the God almighty for his abundant blessing showered on us to follow
the path of success in easy attempt of our life.
We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude and respectful regards to
our beloved chairman Thiru. NANJIL M. VINCENT Ex.MP for giving an
opportunity to do this project.
We also express our sincere thanks to Dr.GAVASKAR VINCENT,
Secretary, Vins Christian College of Engineering, Chunkankadai, Nagercoil, for
giving chance to do this project.
We also express our sincere thanks to Dr.DYANA CHRISTILDA.V,
Principal, Vins Christian College of Engineering, Chunkankadai, Nagercoil, for giving
chance to do this project.
We thank our Head of the Department, Mrs.PRIYA.B., who gave constant
support and kind co-operation to us and provided required facilities to complete our
project without hurdles.
It is our greatest privilege to convey heartfelt thanks to Mrs.
JEROPHINE BENI.J, who helped us through this project as our project coordinator
for his kindness, valuable suggestions and encouragement in all stages for
accomplishment of our project work.
Last but not the least we thank our Staffs, Parents and everyone who directly
and indirectly helped us to bring this project successfully.

vii
 ABSTRACT

In computer science, cloning is the process of creating an exact copy of

another application program or object. The term can be used to refer an object,
programming or an application that has similar functions and behaviour to another object
or application program but does not contain the original source code from the concerned
object or program. Cloning is also used to describe the act of making the exact copy of a
directory file or disk inclusive of any subdirectories or files within the disk or directory.
Cloned applications and programs are often customized applications. In many cases, they
are technically superior to the original, as in the case of Linux. Cloning in programming,
in all cases copies the values from the concerned object to the other object. Cloning allows
programmers to copy the values of an object or source code of an application program to
another without the need for writing the explicit code. Certain programming languages,
for example Java, have keywords and functionalities to support cloning. Clone() is one
such function. There are certain benefits associated with cloning. Cloning can help a new
program or application be more compatible with existing applications or environments.
If there is no violation of copyright of original source code or software, cloning can help
in improving the software. Our motive is to explain the concept of cloning. Cloning is the
process of duplicating application it is a very effective method to cloning can able to
bring small changes in the existing application. Cloned programs and applications are
customized application for explaining the cloning practically we cloned a search engine
but we brought little difference between the original application and the cloned
application by adding a chatbot in the cloned application we used scripting language and
its framework to complete the project effectively. This is our idea to explain the concept
of cloning.

viii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Cloning
In computing, a clone is hardware or software that is designed to function
in exactly the same way as another system.[1] A specific subset of clones are remakes (or
remades), which are revivals of old, obsolete, or discontinued products.

Motivation
Clones and remakes are created for reasons including competition,
standardization, availability across platforms, and as homage. Compatibility with the
original system is usually the explicit purpose of cloning hardware or low-level software
such as operating systems (e.g. AROS and MorphOS are intended to be compatible with
AmigaOS). Application software is cloned by providing the same functionality.

Hardware clones
When IBM announced the IBM PC in 1981, other companies such as Compaq
decided to offer clones of the PC as a legal reimplementation from the PC's documentation
or reverse engineering. Because most of the components, except the PC's BIOS, were
publicly available, all Compaq had to do was reverse-engineer the BIOS. The result was
a machine with similar performance and lower price than the machines cloned. The use
of the term "PC clone" to describe IBM PC compatible computers fell out of use in the
1990s; the class of machines it now describes are simply called PCs, but the early use of
the term "clone" usually implied a higher level of compatibility with the original IBM PC
than "PC-Compatible", with (often Taiwanese) clones of the original circuit (and possibly
ROMs) the most compatible (in terms of software they would run and hardware tests they
would pass)

0
 Software clones
Software can be cloned by reverse engineering or legal reimplementation
from documentation or other sources, or by observing a program's appearance and
behavior. The reasons for software cloning may include circumventing undesirable
licensing fees, acquiring knowledge about the features of the system or creating an
interoperable alternative for an unsupported platform. GNU, a clone of UNIX, was
motivated by a need of the free software movement for an operating system composed of
entirely free software.

1.2 IDEA DESCRIPTION

Our idea is to explain the concept of cloning with the process of building a
pratical model of cloned search engine and we added chatbot in our pratical model to
bring difference between the original source.

1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Our motive is to explain the concept of Cloning. Cloning is the process of

duplicating application it is a very effective method. cloning can able to bring small
changes in the existing application. Cloned programs and applications are customized
application for explaining the cloning practically we cloned a search engine but we
brought little difference between the original application and the cloned application by
adding a chatbot in the cloned application we used scripting language and its framework
to complete the project effectively. This is our idea to explain the concept of cloning.

1
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Enhanced Search Engine Using Proposed Framework and Ranking

Algorithm Based on Semantic Relations

Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 7) Authors : M. M. El-Gayar; N. E. Mekky; A.

Atwan; H. Soliman
Today, most users need search engines to facilitate search and information
retrieval processes. Unfortunately, traditional search engines have a significant challenge
that they should retrieve high-precision results for a specific unclear query at a minimum
response time. Also, a traditional search engine cannot expand a small, ambiguous query
based on the meaning of each keyword and their semantic relationship. Therefore, this
paper proposes a comprehensive search engine framework that combines the benefits of
both a keyword-based and a semantic ontology-based search engine. The main
contributions of this work are developing an algorithm for ranking results based on fuzzy
membership value and a mathematical model of exploring a semantic relationship
between different keywords. In the conducting experiments, eight different test cases were
implemented to evaluate the proposed system. Executed test cases have achieved a
precision rate of 97% with appropriate response time compared to the relevant systems.

2
2.2 Search Engine for the Internet of Things: Lessons From Web
Search, Vision, and Opportunities

Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 7) Authors : Fan Liang; Cheng Qian; William
Grant Hatcher; Wei Yu

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), massive numbers of

IoT devices (smart sensors, cameras, phones, and so on) have been deployed and utilized
in various environments, supporting numerous smart-world applications. Those devices
communicate with computing infrastructure servers over network infrastructures to send
relevant collected data in order to link physical objects to the cyber world. As the number
of IoT devices increases rapidly, the volume of collected data likewise increases
prodigiously. Thus, how to search for and through specific IoT datasets among the
enormous amount of data become critical issues for potential data consumers. Moreover,
various IoT devices and applications establish IoT-based systems, also known as the
smart-world systems or smart cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as smart grids, smart
transportation, smart healthcare, smart cities, smart homes, and smart manufacturing
systems, among others.

3
 2.3 Direct Answers in Google Search Results

Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 8) Authors : Artur Strzelecki; Paulina Rutecka

This study aims to explore Google's new “featured snippet” (a direct answer
that appears in web search results) to better understand the method of extracting and
displaying such answers above regular ranked results. The motivation for the study was
to investigate form, structure, and relation to query, content, and domain of the direct
answer. This study utilized a dataset of 743,798 keywords and the displayed direct
answers. It also included web search data for every direct answer, The main finding
concerns the form of construction of keywords used in the website content. Keywords
should be built in the form of short, two-to-four-word sentences comprising the subject
and its attribute. Using relative pronouns, articles, and prepositions, as well as using
questions as queries, can help to properly define a query and display the best direct
answer. The dataset is relatively small compared to the volume of searches made daily.
No other factors were extracted from the URL, and all data concerned the Google search
engine only. Implications for webmasters include: keywords used in website content
should be close to grammar forms used in queries; use keywords in URLs; write a
comprehensive introduction section on the webpage; and use tables and lists HTML
markup. The main objective of this study was to examine the structure of the user's queries
which caused in appearing of direct answers. It is comprehensive and based on real data
used by web search engine users. The data used to support the findings have been
deposited in the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3541092).

4
2.4 A Study of Optimizing Search Engine Results through User
Interaction

Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 8) Authors : Lin-Chih Chen

In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing search engine results based
on user interaction. This method generates different search results mainly through the
user's operation on different search topics. There are two main differences between our
method and the traditional personalized search method: personal privacy and storage
space. First, traditional personal search methods need to record search and click records
for individual users. However, these records have great personal privacy issues for users;
especially in recent years, there have been personal privacy leaks that occurred in many
large online companies (such as Facebook and Yahoo). Secondly, because different users
need to record their own search records, the size of the storage space is closely related to
the number of users and the amount of search records stored. However, the sum of
individual users' search and click records is a huge storage space in today's Internet
environment. To avoid these two issues for traditional personalized search methods, this
study proposes a storage-free approach based on individual users operating on different
search topics. In general, in addition to avoiding personal privacy and storage space
issues, our method can also achieve optimal linear time in generating personalized search
results.

5
2.5 A Universal Search Engine for Additive Manufacturing

Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 11) Authors : Lars Folkerts; Nicholas Kater;
Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

Additive manufacturing has become increasingly popular and is opening

doors for increased collaboration, quick manufacturing turnaround times, and rapid
prototyping. New collaboration opportunities are enabled by 3D model databases that
help users find, modify and manufacture parts upon request. Nevertheless, the current
process relies heavily on user-defined text-based labels to describe and identify parts, yet
user tagging is an expensive and laborious process. To address the limitations of
traditional tag-based methods, this work proposes new shape-based search techniques that
bring significant usability improvements over the current state of the art. In particular, our
approach allows users to query for parts at different stages of the manufacturing process,
including approximate models, GCode printer files, and real world objects. At the core of
our technique is a generative adversarial network that flattens 3D shapes into depth-based
2.5D images, which are then cataloged and queried based on a frequency-domain
representation and a locality-sensitive hashing scheme. We evaluate our methodology
using a rich dataset of everyday objects, and our evaluation results report a high accuracy
retrieval rate for our test set.

6
 CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

MUSIFY-CLONE

Most modern clone which is a clone of Spotify.This is build with the help
of scripting language and its framework.All subsequent packets belonging to that flow,
and especially the system which is expressed and its frameworks are used in the cloning
system to complete the work.

FACEBOOK-CLONE

Facebook cloning is a scam in which the attacker copies the profile picture of
an authorized user, creates a new account using that person’s name and sends friend
requests to people on the user’s list. The exploit is often succesful because many
unsuspecting friends just accept the scammer’s requests, assuming that the actual user has
created a new account for some reason or forgetting that they are already friends with that
person.The scam doesn’t require any advanced technical knowledge or skills because the
user accounts aren’t actually hacked, just copied. Anyone on Facebook can see anyone
else’s profile picture and copy the image. Furthermore, because of the nature and purpose
of social networking, most people’s friends lists are public, which means that the attacker
can see, and send a request to, any or all of the user’s friends.

7
3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this paper we revisit a classical cloning technique from the technical

environment and we like to propose the technique practically by building a clone of
existing search engine with a difference of adding a chatbot in it.It is done with the help
of JavaScript and with Similar code fragments in the codebase of a software system and
group of similar code fragments forms a clone-class. Cloning an integration creates a
completely independent new integration.Search engine clone will acts as a master copy
of the existed search engine. Frameworks of JavaScript are also used in the cloning system
and Cloned application can be more effective by its performance it will act smarter than
the existing system.

8
 CHAPTER 4
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

To explain the concept of cloning we cloned a search engine with some added
extensions to bring difference between the original source for this process we used
scripting language and its framework to complete the work and the frameworks are React
js and plugin VITE with these we explained the idea of cloning practically and deployed
it in a database called firebase and we use VScode to implent the language.

9
 CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 CLONING

Cloned applications and programs are often customized applications. In

many cases, they are technically superior to the original, as in the case of Linux. Cloning
in programming, in all cases copies the values from the concerned object to the other
object. Cloning allows programmers to copy the values of an object or source code of an
application program to another without the need for writing the explicit code. Certain
programming languages, for example Java, have keywords and functionalities to support
cloning. Clone() is one such function. There are certain benefits associated with cloning.
Cloning can help a new program or application be more compatible with existing
applications or environments. If there is no violation of copyright of original source code
or software, cloning can help in improving the software. Cloning is the process of creating
a copy of an Object. Java Object class comes with native clone() method that returns the
copy of the existing instance. Since Object is the base class in Java, all objects by default
support cloning.
Clones and remakes are created for reasons including competition,
standardization, availability across platforms, and as homage. Compatibility with the
original system is usually the explicit purpose of cloning hardware or low-level software
such as operating systems (e.g. AROS and MorphOS are intended to be compatible with
AmigaOS). Application software is cloned by providing the same
functionality.Commercially-motivated clones are made often during a competitor
product's initial successful commercial run, intentionally competing with the original and
trying to participate in their success.

10
5.2 SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the activity of optimizing web pages or

whole sites in order to make them search engine friendly, thus getting higher positions in
search results. Designing anddeveloping a website to rank well in search engine results
and improving the volume and quality of traffic to a website from search engines.
Marketing by knowing how search algorithms work, and what human visitors might
search. SEO is a subset of search engine marketing. SEO is also referred as SEO
copyrighting, because most of the techniques that are used to promote sites in search
engines,deal with text.
How Search Engine Works ?
Search engines carry out a number of activities inorder to deliver
search results.
Crawling - Process of fetching all the web pages linked to a website. This
task is performed by software, called a crawler or a spider or Googlebot, in
case of Google.
Indexing - Process of creating index for all the fetched web pages and keeping
them into a giant database from where it can later be retrieved. Processing -
When a search request comes, the search engine processes it, i.e. it compares
the
search string in the search request with the indexed pages in the database.
Calculating Relevancy - It is likely that more than one page contains the
search string, so the search engine starts calculating the relevancy of each of
the pages in its index to the search string

11
Search crawlers constantly scan the web, gathering, categorizing, and storing the billions
of web pages out there in its index. When you search for something and Google pulls up
results, it’s pulling from its index, not the web itself. Google uses a complex formula
(called an algorithm) to order results based on a number of criteria (ranking factors—
which we’ll get into next) including the quality of the content, its relevance to the search
query, the website (domain) it belongs to, and more. How people interact with results then
further indicates to Google the needs that each page is (or isn’t) satisfying, which also
gets factored into the algorithm.According to optimization
1. Consistent publication of high-quality content (26%)
2. Keywords in meta title (17%)
3. Backlinks (15%)
4. Niche expertise (13%)
5. User engagement (11%)
6. Internal links (5%)
12
 7. Mobile-friendly/mobile-first (5%)
8. Page speed (2%)
9. Site security/SSL certificate (2%)
10. Schema markup/structured data (1%)
11. Keywords in URL (1%)
12. Keywords in H1 (1%)
But make no mistake about the factors at the bottom of this list. As you can see in
the below chart, “Other” factors, like unlinked mentions, social signals, domain
history, outbound links, and site structure, carry 1% weight. But given that there
are at least 200 Google ranking factors; that’s at least 189 “other” factors that
collectively make up that 1%. In other words, those seemingly small factors, like
keywords in URL, that on their own make up 1%, are not so small

13
 CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 MODULES

This Project contains the following modules

6.1 Optimization Module

➢ Binaries
➢ Material-ui/icons
➢ Netlify
➢ Scripts
➢ Frameworks React and Plugin VITE

6.2 User Module

➢ Request
➢ Acknowledgement

6.1.1) Optimization modules

6.1.1.1) Binaries

A binary code represents text, computer processor instructions, or any other data
using a two-symbol system. The two-symbol system used is often "0" and "1" from the
binary number system.

6.1.1.2) Material-ui/icons
Material UI is an open-source React component library that implements
Google's Material Design. It includes a comprehensive collection of prebuilt components
that are ready for use in production right out of the box.

14
 6.1.1.3) Netlify
Netlify is a remote-first cloud computing company that offers a development
platform that includes build, deploy, and serverless backend services for web applications
and dynamic websites. The platform is built on open web standards, making it possible to
integrate build tools, web frameworks, APIs, and various web technologies into a unified
developer workflow
6.1.1.4) Scripts
A scripting language or script language is a programming language that is used
to manipulate, customize, and automate the facilities of an existing system.

6.1.1.5) Frameworks React and Plugin-VITE

In computer programming, a software framework is an abstraction in which
software, providing generic functionality, can be selectively changed by additional user-
written code, thus providing application-specific software. It provides a standard way to
build and deploy applications and is a universal, reusable software environment that
provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate the
development of software applications, products and solutions.
6.1.2) Client Module
6.1.2.1) This module is used to send the request.it contains following fields
1. Packet Id
2. Data
3. Data Source Name
4. Source IP address
5. Source Port Number
6. Destination IP address
7. Destination Port number
8. Protocol

15
 6.1.2.2) Acknowledgement
This module is used to view the acknowledgement whether the packet is allowed
or denied. if it is allowed, iT show the matched rule else it will display unmatched reply.
6.2 FLOW CHART : OPTIMIZATION

16
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Rule id
STATUS

Get acknowledgement info

and store db

Client request

17
6.2.2 REQUEST

REQUEST

DATA SOURCE
SOURCE PORT
NAME NUMBER

SOURCE DESTINAT
IP ION PORT
ADDRES NUMBER

REQUEST
INFO&REQUEST
DESTINA
PACKET
TION IP ID
ADDRES
S

PROTOC
OL
DATA

CL-REQUEST

18
 CHAPTER 7
IMPLEMENTATION & WORKING

(i) To Create a React app.

Step1: File >>Open Folder >> NewFolder >> Selectfolder to open the new
folder.

Step2:Open the new Terminal (ctrl+j) and Type npx create-react-app

appname

Step3: click Enter to create the react app

19
(ii) To start the React app

Step1:Open New Terminal and type

i. cd app name
ii. npm start
Step2:Click Enter

20
 (iii) The Local Host Will Popup In The Screen

Working Model of Cloned Search Engine:

21
(i) To bring difference from the original source we added a extension
chatbot in the cloned program

This is the Extension Chatbot we added in the cloned Search Engine

22
Result & Output

23
24
 CHAPTER 8
TESTING
8.1 INTRODUCTION

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and

represents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. Testing is the process
of executing program with the intent of finding an error. Testing cannot show the absence
of detects, it can only show the software that is present. Since testing forms the major part
of system development, rigorous testing was throughout the software development, like
unit testing and integration testing.

8.2 SYSTEM TESTING

System testing is testing conducted on a complete integrated system to
evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements system testing takes, as
its input, all of the integrated components that have passed integration testing. The
purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the units that are
integrated together (called assemblages). System testing seeks to detect defects both
within the "inter-assemblages" and also within the system as a whole.[citation needed]
The actual result is the behavior produced or observed when a component or system is
tested.
8.3 CLONE DETECTION
Clone is the most common image forgery, which usually hides certain details
or duplicates certain blocks of an image. Clone detection methods usually capture the
inconsistence of color and noise variation of the target regions. Blurring is usually used
along the border of the modified blocks to lessen inconsistence. Most clone detection
methods examine each pair of parts subdivided from the image. In order to reduce the
processing time and enhance the robustness of the examine, some techniques use
representations for dimensionality reduction, for example Discrete Cosine Transform
(DCT), Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

25
 CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

9.1 CONCLUSION
Cloning is in great demand today apart from its various shortcomings. It has
proven to be an advantageous process in fast development of the software systems to meet
the deadlines or to complete the work on time, etc. It is considered as a great boon to
industries. Also, various tools and techniques have been proposed to detect the clones,
wherever required, to overcome the various pitfalls released by cloning like bug
propagation, maintenance costs, etc. Further detection process comprises of different
levels such as preprocessing, transformation, match detection and so on. These techniques
and tools can detect various types of clones according to their efficiency and ability.
Furthermore, research in this field is still in continuation for introduction of new highly
efficient and applicable tools or techniques that will meet up with the requirement of
detecting all types of clones because as discussed earlier, there are still many techniques
and tools which are not able to detect all types of clones.

9.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

As search engine cloning becomes more prevalent, it is important to continue
to develop ways to prevent and detect this type of activity. One way to do this to develop
algorithms that can identify similar search terms and websites. Additionally, it is
important to continue to develop ways to detect and prevent fake search results and to
explain the concept of cloning more effectively by adding some advanced technologies
and futuristic extensions.

26
 APPENDIX
A.1 DOMAIN DESCRIPTION
There are certain benefits associated with cloning. Cloning can help a new
program or application be more compatible with existing applications or environments. If
there is no violation of copyright of original source code or software, cloning can help in
improving the software. The process of actually making another exact replica of the object
instead of just its reference is called cloning. In most languages, the language or libraries
can facilitate some sort of cloning. In Java, the Object class contains the clone() method,
which copies the object and returns a reference to that copied object. Since it is in the
Object class, all classes defined in Java will have a clone method available to the
programmer (although to function correctly it needs to be overridden at each level it is
used).

Cloning an object in Java:

Object originalObj = new Object();
Object copyObj = null;
copyObj = originalObj.clone(); // duplicates the object and assigns the new
reference to 'copyObj'
C++ objects in general behave like primitive types, so to copy a C++ object one could use
the '=' (assignment) operator. There is a default assignment operator provided for all
classes, but its effect may be altered through the use of operator overloading. There are
dangers when using this technique (see slicing). A method of avoiding slicing can be
implementing a similar solution to the Java clone() method for the classes and using
pointers. (There is no built-in clone() method.)

27
A C++ example of object cloning:
Object originalObj;
Object copyObj(originalObj); // creates a copy of originalObj named copyObj
A C++ example of object cloning using pointers (to avoid slicing see[1]):

Object* originalObj = new Object;

Object* copyObj = nullptr;

copyObj = new Object(*originalObj); // creates a copy of originalObj and assigns its

address to copyObj

28
A.2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION

A.2.1 JAVASCRIPT and its Frameworks

JavaScript is a powerful and flexible programming language. It can execute
on a web browser that allows us to make interactive webpages such as popup menus,
animations, form validation, etc. JavaScript has evolved a lot in the past decade.
JavaScript (js) is a light-weight object-oriented programming language which is used by
several websites for scripting the webpages. It is an interpreted, full-fledged programming
language that enables dynamic interactivity on websites when applied to an HTML
document. It was introduced in the year 1995 for adding programs to the webpages in the
Netscape Navigator browser. Since then, it has been adopted by all other graphical web
browsers. With JavaScript, users can build modern web applications to interact directly
without reloading the page every time. The traditional website uses js to provide several
forms of interactivity and simplicity. Although, JavaScript has no connectivity with Java
programming language. The name was suggested and provided in the times when Java
was gaining popularity in the market. In addition to web browsers, databases such as
CouchDB and MongoDB uses JavaScript as their scripting and query language.

Features of JavaScript
There are following features of JavaScript:
All popular web browsers support JavaScript as they provide built-in execution
environments.
➢ JavaScript follows the syntax and structure of the C programming language. Thus, it
is a structured programming language.
➢ JavaScript is a weakly typed language, where certain types are implicitly cast
(depending on the operation).
➢ JavaScript is an object-oriented programming language that uses prototypes rather
than using classes for inheritance.
➢ It is a light-weighted and interpreted language.
29
➢ It is a case-sensitive language.
➢ JavaScript is supportable in several operating systems including, Windows, macOS,
etc.

➢ It provides good control to the users over the web browsers.

Application of JavaScript
JavaScript is used to create interactive websites. It is mainly used for:
➢ Client-side validation,
➢ Dynamic drop-down menus,
➢ Displaying date and time,
➢ Displaying pop-up windows and dialog boxes (like an alert dialog box, confirm
dialog box and prompt dialog box),
➢ Displaying clocks etc.

Framework of JavaScript
A JavaScript framework is a collection of JavaScript code libraries that
provide a web developer with pre-written code for routine programming tasks.
Frameworks are structures with a particular context and help you create web applications
within that context. Popular frameworks such as React, Angular.JS, and Vue.js are gaining
and losing a legion of followers but still manage to rank top in best JavaScript frameworks

30
REACT AND PLUG-IN
React
React, also known as React.js, is one of the best JavaScript frameworks in the
front-end category. It is an open-source front-end JavaScript library created by a team of
Facebook developers led by Jordan Walke back in 2011 and became open-source in June
2013. The initial prototype was dubbed “FaxJS” and was first experimented with in
Facebook’s Newsfeed. React can be considered one of the biggest influential disruptors
in the web development domain that delivered a real breakthrough in shaping the web
applications we see today. React introduced a component-based, functional, and
declarative programming style for creating interactive user interfaces for mainly single-
page web applications. React delivers blazing-fast rendering by making use of ‘Virtual
DOM.’ DOM stands for Document Object Model, which renders only those components
that have changed instead of rendering the whole page. Another key feature of React is
simpler JSX syntax instead of JavaScript.
PLUG-IN
Vite is a framework for automating rich client applications based on Win32,
WinForms, WPF, Silverlight and SWT (Java) platforms. It is .NET based and does not
require the use of any proprietary scripting languages. Tests/automation programs using
White can be written with whatever .NET language, IDE and tools you are already using.
White provides a consistent object-oriented API, hiding the complexity of Microsoft's UI
Automation library (on which White is based) and windows messages.

How vite works?

At runtime white programs stack would look like this. Index
White programs must run in a different process from the AUT (Application Under Test)
process.

Architecture
Index1
Silverlight Support
31
You would need to add reference to white.webbrowser.dll along with
TestStack.White.dll.

InternetExplorerWindowbrowserWindow=
InternetExplorer.Launch("http://localhost/white.testsilverlight/TestSilverlightApplicatio
nTestPage.aspx", "FooApp Title - Windows Internet Explorer");
SilverlightDocumentdocument= browserWindow.SilverlightDocument;
Button button = document.Get<Button>("buton");
Label label = document.Get<Label>("status");

Silverlight support is not tested, and likely has many issues. I am considering dropping
Silverlight support unless members of the Community improve test coverage of the
Silverlight support in vite

32
A.3 SOURCE CODE
➢ Code for Home Page:
App.js
import React from "react";
import './App.css';
import Home from "./Home";
import SearchPage from "./SearchPage";
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route } from "react-router-dom";

function App() {
return (
<div className="app">
<Router>
<Switch>
<Route path="/search">
<SearchPage />
</Route>
<Route path='/'>
<Home />
</Route>
</Switch>
</Router>
</div>
);
}

export default App;

33
 Home.js
import React from 'react';
import './Home.css';
import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
import AppsIcon from "@material-ui/icons/Apps";
import { Avatar } from "@material-ui/core"
import Search from './Search';
import '@chatscope/chat-ui-kit-styles/dist/default/styles.min.css';
import { MainContainer, ChatContainer, MessageList, Message, MessageInput, TypingIndicator }
from "@chatscope/chat-ui-kit-react";
// import { Hidden } from '@material-ui/core';
import { useState } from 'react'
const API_KEY = "your Api key";

function Home() {
const [typing, setTyping] = useState(false)
let isHome = true
const [messages, setMessages] = useState([
{
message: "Hello!,im chat bot",
sender: "ChatGPT!"
}
])
const [chatbotActive, setChatbotActive] = useState(false);
const handleSend = async (message) => {
const newMessage = {
message: message,
sender: "user",
direction: "outgoing"
}

const newMessages = [...messages, newMessage];

34
 setMessages(newMessages);
setTyping(true);
await processMessageTochatGPT(newMessages);
}
async function processMessageTochatGPT(chatMessages) {
let apiMessages = chatMessages.map((messageObject) => {
let role = "";
if (messageObject.sender === "ChatGPT") {
role = "assistant";
} else {
role = "user";
}
return { role: role, content: messageObject.message }
});

const systemMessage = {
role: "system",
content: "Explain all concepts like professional engineer"
}

const apiRequestBody = {
"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
"messages": [
systemMessage, // The system message DEFINES the logic of our chatGPT

...apiMessages // The messages from our chat with ChatGPT

]
}
await fetch("https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions",
{
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Authorization": "Bearer " + API_KEY,

35
 "Content-Type": "application/json"
},
body: JSON.stringify(apiRequestBody)
}).then((data) => {
return data.json();
}).then((data) => {
console.log(data);
setMessages([...chatMessages, {
message: data.choices[0].message.content,
sender: "ChatGPT"
}]);
setTyping(false);
});
}

const handleToggleChatbot = () => {

setChatbotActive(!chatbotActive); // toggle the chatbot's active status
}

return (
<div className='home'>
<div className='home__header'>
<div className='home__headerLeft'>
<Link to='/about'>About</Link>
<Link to='/store'>Store</Link>
</div>
<form className='home__headerRight'>
<Link to='/google' onClick={() => window.open('http://www.gmail.com')}
>Gmail</Link>
<Link to='/images' onClick={() =>
window.open('https://www.google.co.in/imghp?hl=en&tab=ri&ogbl ')}>Images</Link>
<AppsIcon />
<Avatar />
</form>

36
 </div>
<div className='home__body'>
<img
src={require('./bb.jpeg')}
alt='google'
/>
<div className='home__inputContainer' >
<Search isHome />
</div>
</div>
<div className='App ' id='appss'
style={{ position: "relative", height: "500px", width: "400px" }}>
<button className='chtbt' onClick={handleToggleChatbot}>Chatbot</button> {/* the
toggle button */}
{chatbotActive && (
<MainContainer>
<ChatContainer>
<MessageList
scrollBehavior='smooth'
typingIndicator={typing ? <TypingIndicator content="chatbot is typing!!!!!!" /> :
null}
>
{messages.map((message, i) => {
return <Message key={i} model={message} />
})}
</MessageList>
<MessageInput placeholder='Type message here' onSend={handleSend} />
</ChatContainer>
</MainContainer>)}
</div>
</div>

)
}export default Home

37
 Home.css
.home {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 100vh;
}

.home__header {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
padding: 20px 30px;
align-items: center;
}

.home__header a {
margin-right: 20px;
text-decoration: inherit;
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);
font-size: 15px;
}

.home__header a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}

.home__headerRight {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
min-width: 13vw;
justify-content: space-between;

.home__headerRight>.MuiSvgIcon-root {
38
 margin-right: 20px;
}

.home__body {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
margin-top: 6%;
flex-direction: column;

.home__body>img {
object-fit: contain;
height: 150px;
/* width: 600px; */
/* background-color: rgb(35, 227, 14); */
}

.App {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
margin-top: -350px;
margin-left: 824px;
border-radius: 30px;
animation: floatup .5s forwards;
/* overflow: hidden; */
}

.chtbt {
display: flex;
margin-left: 30px;
width: 70px;
height: 50px;
text-align: center;

39
 padding: 10px;
padding-top: 17px;
margin-top: -50px;
margin-left: 370px;
border-radius: 100px;
border: none;
color: rgb(56, 36, 11);
background-color: rgb(57, 16, 238);
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: 0 0px 1px 1px grey;
color: aliceblue;
}

.chtbt:hover {
color: rgb(30, 34, 34);
background-color: aqua;
border: none;
box-shadow: 0 0px 3px 1px rgb(21, 194, 220);
}

@keyframes floatup {
from {
transform: translateY(14px);
opacity: .0;
}

to {
transform: translateY(0px);
opacity: 1;
}
}

/* mobile view */
@media only screen and (max-width:600px) {

40
 .App {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
margin-top: -300px;
margin-left: -20px;
border-radius: 30px;
animation: floatup .5s forwards;
/* overflow: hidden; */
}

.chtbt {
display: flex;
margin-left: 30px;
width: 60px;
height: 40px;
text-align: center;
padding: 7px;
padding-top: 13px;
margin-top: -50px;
margin-left: 370px;
border-radius: 100px;

#appss {
position: relative;
height: 200px;
width: 00px;
}
}

41
 ➢ Code For Searching
Search.js
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import "./Search.css";
import SearchIcon from "@material-ui/icons/Search"
import MicIcon from "@material-ui/icons/Mic";
import { Button } from '@material-ui/core';
import { useHistory } from "react-router-dom"
import { useStateValue } from './StateProvider';
import { actionTypes } from './reducer';

function Search({ hideButtons = false, isHome }) {

useEffect(() => {

if (!isHome) {
setInput(localStorage.getItem('myKey'))
}

}, [isHome])
const [{ }, dispatch] = useStateValue();

const [input, setInput] = useState("");

const history = useHistory();

const search = e => {

isHome = false
e.preventDefault();

localStorage.setItem('myKey', input);

dispatch({
type: actionTypes.SET_SEARCH_TERM,
term: input
42
 })

history.push("/search");
};
return (
<form className='search'>
<div className='search__input'>
<SearchIcon className="search__inputIcon" />
<input value={input} onChange={e => setInput(e.target.value)} />
<MicIcon />
</div>

{!hideButtons ? (
<div className='search__buttons'>
<Button
type='submit' onClick={search} variant='outlined'> Search</Button>
<Button variant='outlined'>I'm Feeling Lucky</Button>
</div>
):(
<div className='search__buttons'>
<Button className='search__buttonsHidden' type='submit' onClick={search}
variant='outlined'> Search</Button>
<Button className='search__buttonsHidden' variant='outlined'>I'm Feeling
Lucky</Button>
</div>
)
}
</form >
)
};

export default Search

43
 Search.css
.search__input {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
border: 1px solid lightgray;
height: 30px;
padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 999px;
width: 75vw;
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 40px;
max-width: 560px;
}

.search__input>input {
flex: 1;
padding: 10px 20px;
font-size: medium;
border: none;
}

.search__input>input:focus {
outline-width: 0;
}

.search__inputIcon {
color: gray;
}

.search__buttons {
margin-top: 30px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
44
.search__buttons button {
margin: 5px;
padding: 7px 15px;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid white;
text-transform: inherit;
color: #5f6368;
}

.search__buttons button:hover {
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f8f8f8, #f1f1f1);
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #c6c6c6;
color: #222;

.search__buttonsHidden {
display: none !important
}

45
 useGoogleSearch.js
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react'

const CONTEXT_KEY = "9036fcc7c421f95a2"

const useGoogleSearch = (term) => {
const [data, setData] = useState(null);

useEffect(() => {

const fetchData = async () => {

let term = localStorage.getItem('myKey')

fetch(`https://www.googleapis.com/customsearch/v1?key=${process.env.REACT_APP_API_KEY}&
cx=${CONTEXT_KEY}&q=${term}`
)
.then(response => response.json())
.then(result => {
setData(result)
})
}

fetchData();
}, [term])
return { data }
};

export default useGoogleSearch

46
 SearchPage.js
import React from 'react'
import './SearchPage.css'
import { useStateValue } from './StateProvider';
import useGoogleSearch from './useGoogleSearch';
import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
import Search from './Search';
import SearchIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Search';
import DescriptionIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Description';
import ImageIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Image';
import LocalOfferIcon from '@material-ui/icons/LocalOffer';
import RoomIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Room';
import MoreVertIcon from '@material-ui/icons/MoreVert';

function SearchPage() {
const [{ term },] = useStateValue();
const { data } = useGoogleSearch(term);
return (
<div className='searchPage'>
<div className='searchPage__header'>
<Link to="/">
<img
className='searchPage__logo'
src={require('./bb.jpeg')}
alt='google' />
</Link>
<div className='searchPage__headerBody'>
<Search hideButtons term={term} />
<div className='searchPage__options'>
<div className='searchPage__optionsLeft'>
<div className="searchPage_option">
<SearchIcon />
<Link to="/all">All</Link>
</div>
47
 <div className="searchPage_option">
<DescriptionIcon />
<Link to="/news">News</Link>
</div>
<div className="searchPage_option">
<ImageIcon />
<Link to="/images">Images</Link>
</div>
<div className="searchPage_option">
<LocalOfferIcon />
<Link to="/shopping">Shopping</Link>
</div>
<div className="searchPage_option">
<RoomIcon />
<Link to="/maps">Maps</Link>
</div>
<div className="searchPage_option">
<MoreVertIcon />
<Link to="/more">More</Link>
</div>
<div className="searchPage_optionsRight">
<div className="searchPage_option">
<Link to="/settings">Settings</Link>
</div>
<div className="searchPage_option">
<Link to="/tools">Tools</Link>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div className='searchPage__results'>

48
 {data && (
<div className='searchPage__results'>
<p className='searchPage__resultsCount'>
About{data?.searchInformation.formattedTotalResults}
results({data?.searchInformation.formattedSearchTime}seconds) for {term}
</p>
{data?.items.map(item => (
<div className='searchPage__result' key={item.link} >
<a href={item.link} target="_blank">
{item.pagemap?.cse_image?.length > 0 && item.pagemap?.cse_image[0]?.src
&& (
<img
className="searchPage_resultImage"
src={item.pagemap?.cse_image?.length > 0 &&
item.pagemap?.cse_image[0]?.src}
alt=''
/>
)}
{item.displayLink}
</a>
<a href={item.link}>
<h2>{item.displayLink}</h2>
</a>
<a className='searchPage__resultTitle' href={item.link}><h2>{item.title}</h2>
</a>
<p className='searchPage__resultSnippet'>{item.snippet} </p>
</div>
))}
</div>
)}
</div>
</div>
)
}export default SearchPage

49
 SearchPage.css
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand&display=swap');

.searchPage__header {
display: flex;
position: sticky;
top: 0;
background-color: white;
z-index: 100;
align-items: flex-start;
padding: 30px;
border-bottom: 1px solid lightgray;

.searchPage__logo {
background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);
object-fit: contain;
height: 50px;
margin-right: 50px;
}

.searchPage__headerBody>.search>.search__input {
margin-top: 0;
width: unset;
margin: unset;
max-width: unset;
}

.searchPage_option {
display: flex;
align-items: center;

50
 color: gray;
}

.searchPage_option a,
.searchPage_optionsRight a {
text-decoration: none;
color: gray;
}

.searchPage_optionsRight,
.searchPage__optionsLeft {
display: flex;
}

.searchPage_optionsRight {
margin-left: 80px;
}

.searchPage_option {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
margin-right: 20px;
}

.searchPage_optiona {
margin-left: 5px;
}

.searchPage__result {
margin: 40px 0;
}

.searchPage__resultsCount {

51
 font-size: 14px;
color: #70757a;
}

.searchPage__results {
max-width: 700px;
margin-top: 20px;
margin-left: 118px;
margin-bottom: 100px;
font-family: 'Muli', sans-serif;
}

.searchPage__resultTitle {
text-decoration: none;
}

.searchPage__resultTitle:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}

.searchPage_resultTitle>h2 {
font-weight: 500;
}

.searchPage_resultSnippet {
margin-top: 10px;
}

.searchPage_resultImage {
object-fit: contain;
height: 20px;
width: 20px;
margin-right: 10px;
border-radius: 100%;}

52
 StateProvider.js
import React, { createContext, useContext, useReducer } from "react";

export const StateContext = createContext();

export const StateProvider = ({ reducer, initialState, children }) => (

<StateContext.Provider value={useReducer(reducer, initialState)}>
{children}
</StateContext.Provider>
);

export const useStateValue = () => useContext(StateContext);

index.js
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import './index.css';
import App from './App';
import reducer, { initialState } from './reducer';
import { StateProvider } from './StateProvider';

const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));

root.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<StateProvider initialState={initialState} reducer={reducer}>
<App />
</StateProvider>
</React.StrictMode>
);

53
 index.css
*{
margin-top: 0;
}

body {
margin: 0;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen',
'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue',
sans-serif;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

code {
font-family: source-code-pro, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New',
monospace;
}

54
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56