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4 ENGLISH LESSON NOTES FOR TERM I 2022

GRAMMAR
LESSON ONE
ADJECTIVES
An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells us more about nouns

Examples of adjectives
kind
colour
tall
ugly
bad
smart
thin
black
short
beautiful etc

Read these sentences

A B
1a. That is a flower 1b. That is a nice flower
2a. I have a pen 2b. I have a blue pen.
3a. It is a tree. 3b. It is a big tree.

Note:
The words ‘nice’, blue and big are describing a flower, pen and tree. Therefore we call them
adjectives.

Underline the adjectives

1. Napoleon was a strong man.
2. The teacher gave us little work.
3. Our mother told us an interesting story.
4. He has a rectangular table
5. Tom is a very old man.
6. She is very humble
7. Alice was putting on a red dress.
8. That is a useful tin.
9. Mummy bought for me small books.
10 .Education is a good thing.
11. My aunt takes much sugar.
12. Sinning is a bad thing.

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13. Aisha is a beautiful girl.
14. I enjoy looking at bright colour.

LESSON 2
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Comparison of adjectives
The adjectives are comprised of three degrees. These are
1. Positive degree
2. Comparative degree
3. Superlative degree

Forms of adjectives
Comparison of adjectives by adding er to the comparative and est to the superlative.

Examples
Positive Comparative Superlative
small smaller smallest
bright brighter brightest
tall taller tallest
short shorter shortest
long longer longest
smooth smoother smoothest
narrow narrower narrowest
thick thicker thickest
hard harder hardest
soft softer softest
quick quicker quickest
near nearer nearest
old older oldest
dear dearer dearest
clever cleverer cleverest
weak weaker weakest
strong stronger strongest
slow slower slowest
poor poorer poorest
deep deeper deepest
sweet sweeter sweetest
shallow shallower shallowest
rich richer richest
strict stricter strictest

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 black blacker blackest
neat neater neatest
bitter bitterer bittest
low lower Lowest
quick quicker quickest
blunt blunter bluntest
sharp sharper sharpest
fast faster fastest
loud louder loudest
rough rougher roughest
tough tougher toughest
kind kinder kindest
calm calmer calmest
cheap cheaper cheapest
young younger youngest
new newer newest
clean cleaner cleanest
green greener greenest
high higher highest
light lighter lightest
dark darker darkest
dull duller dullest
stubborn stubborner stubbornest

Activity
Use the correct form of the word given in the brackets to complete the following sentences
1. He is the ________ boy in our class.(small)
2. Mary is __________ that Jane.(tall)
3. Her face is _____than mine (smooth)
4. He is __than his sister.(clever)
5. He got the ___ marks in our class.(low)
6. This is the __ lake in Uganda .(deep)
7. This is the ___ surface I have even seen.(rough)
8. Our home is ___ to school than yours.(near)
9. He is the _____child in this school. (old)
10. A pineapple is _____ than a mango. (sweet)

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LESSON 3
B: comparison of adjectives by adding r to the comparative and st to the superlative .
Examples
Positive Comparative Superlative
large larger largest
brave braver bravest
wide wider widest
wise wiser wisest
safe safer safest
rude ruder rudest
simple simpler simplest
white whiter whitest
idle idler idlest
humble humbler humblest
stale staler stalest
polite politer politest
nice nicer nicest
fine finer finest
safe safer safest
fierce fiercer fiercest
huge huger hugest
noble nobler noblest
loose looser loosest
course courser coursest
late later latest
ripe riper ripest
blue bluer bluest

Exercise
Complete the table correctly
Positive Comparative Superlative
kind _______ kindest
______ cheaper cheapest
few fewer _____
deep _____ deepest
_____ braver bravest
cold colder ___
light _____ lightest
_____ larger largest

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LESSON 4

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
C:Adjectives ending in y change y to i then add er in the comparative and est in the
superlative.
Examples

Positive Comparative Superlative

heavy heavier heaviest
lazy lazier laziest
happy happier happiest
lucky luckier luckiest
noisy noisier noisiest
ugly uglier ugliest
easy easier easiest
pretty prettier prettiest
early earlier earliest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
dry drier driest
healthy healthier healthiest
tiny tinier tiniest
empty emptier emptiest
sunny sunnier sunniest
busy busier busiest
early earlier earliest
jolly jollier jolliest
hungry hungrier hungriest
funny funnier funniest
friendly friendlier friendliest
clumsy clumsier clumsiest
ready readier readiest
dusty dustier dustiest
muddy muddier muddiest
hilly hillier hilliest
tasty tastier tastiest
guilty guiltier guiltiest
naughty naughtier nauughtiest
sketchy sketchier sketchiest
fishy fishier fishiest

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Activity
Use the correct form of the word given in the brackets to complete these sentences
1. A monkey is the ________ animal I have ever seen. (ugly)
2. She is ________ than I am. (happy)
3. January is the ________ month of the year. (hot)
4. Thin is ________ as tall is to tallest .(thin)
5. We have the ________ compound in the whole village. (large)
6. He is the ________ woman. (lazy)
7. Tom is ________ than a bee. (busy)
8. The ________ tree in our compound fell down. (big)

LESSON 5
D: Comparison of adjectives by doubling the last letter then add er in the comparative and est in
the superlative.
Examples
Positive Comparative Superlative
hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
fat fatter fattest
wet wetter wettest
thin thinner thinnest
red redder reddest
glad gladder gladdest
sad sadder saddest

Exercise
Complete the table correctly .
Positive Comparative Superlative
_____ happier happiest
rude ruder ______
dry _____ driest
______ safer safest
heavy heavier _______
proud ______ proudest
_____ bigger biggest
sweet sweeter _____
fat _____ fattest
_____ faster fastest
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LESSON 6
E:Some adjectives change spellings in the comparative and the superlative degrees.
Examples
Positive Comparative Superlative
good (well) better best
bad (ill) worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least
far further (farther) furthest (farthest)
F:Adjectives with more than two syllables are compared using more in the comparative and
most in the superlative degree.
Examples
Positive Comparative Superlative
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
careful more careful most careful
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
famous more famous most famous
important more important most important
polite more polite most polite
active more active most active
useful more useful most useful
expensive more expensive _________________
handsome _________________ _________________
hardworking _________________ _________________
courageous _________________ _________________
interesting _________________ _________________
difficult _________________ _________________
poisonous _________________ _________________
energetic _________________ _________________
industrious _________________ _________________
knowledgeable _________________ _________________
grateful _________________ _________________
talkative _________________ _________________

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Activity
Use the correct form of the word given in the brackets .
1. I am the ________ girl in our class. ( thin)
2. My handwriting is ________ than yours .(good)
3. The cook gave me the ________ ideas. (useful)
4. That girl is the ________ in our class. (careless)
5. This story is the ________ in this paper. (interest)
6. Their home is ________ than ours.(far)
7. Tom is the ________ of the two boys. (lazy)

Exercise
Complete the table correctly .
Positive Comparative Superlative
short _________ shortest
tall taller ________
____ happier happiest
good _____ best
hot hotter __________
_____ braver bravest
beautiful ______ most beautiful
heavy heavier __________
____ worse worst
wide _________ widest

LESSON 7
APPLICATION OF DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES
Positive degree
Using: …..as …..as ……
In positive degree, we use “as – as” to illustrate the equality of the nouns being compared.
Examples
a) Johnson is tall. Joseph is tall.
Johnson is as tall as Joseph.
b) George is brown. John is brown.
Georg is as brown as John.
Exercise
Join these sentences using ….as ….as ….
1. Bwayo is weak. Lutaaya is weak.
__________________________

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2. Sarah is clever. Tendo is clever.
___________________________
3. Kiseka is handsome. Ronald is handsome.
___________________________

4. Grace is bright. Melody is bright.

___________________________
5. Musa is strong. Elly is strong.
___________________________
6. Kiondo is lazy. Ojulu is lazy.
___________________________
7. Charity is thin is thin.
___________________________
8. Kalebo is fat. Vivian is fat.
________________________
9. John weighs 40kgs. Shanita weighs 40kg.
10. Frank is 5metres tall. Lule is 5metres tall.

LESSON 8
Comparative degree (…than…..)
This degree is used when comparing two things which are different.
Examples:
a) Rose is fat. Mary is fatter.
Mary is fatter than Rose.
b) A lion is rough. A leopard is rougher.
A leopard is rougher than a lion.
c) The text book is not as good as the dictionary.
The dictionary is better than the text book.

Exercise
Join these sentences using ….than ….
1. English is easy. Maths is easier.
2. Tom is old. John is older.
3. My sister is heavy. My cousin is heavier.
4. I am tall. Nakiggwa is taller.
5. Joseph is a lazy pupil. Tomusange is a lazier pupil.
6. Rose is thin. Janet is thinner.
7. Nankinga is hardworking. I am more hardworking.
8. Alvin is bright. Joel is brighter.
9. Fish is delicious nowadays. Chicken is very delicious nowadays.
10. Tyra is attentive in class. Tinah is very attentive in class.

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LESSON 9
Activity II
Use the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the sentences .
1.Today`s is______ than yesterday`s.(bad )
2. That exercise is _____than this one . (difficult)
3. My luggage is ____ than yours . (heavy)
4. My father is _____ than my uncle. ( old )
5.Reading is always _____ than writing.( easy )
6. Swimming is ______ than racing. (interesting )
7. Of the two boys, Samuel is the __________. (glad)
LESSON 10
Positive degree
Using : ........not as ..........as.............
This structure is used to give difference in the degree of comparison .

Examples
1. Mary is tall. Cathy is taller .
Mary is not as tall as Cathy .
2. Diana is more beautiful. Dina is beautiful.
Dina is not as beautiful as Diana.
3. Tracy is ugly. Tonny is very ugly.
Tracy is not as ugly as Tonny.
4. Betty is hard working. Trinah is very hardworking.
Betty is not as hardworking as Trinah.

Exercise
Join the following sentences using ..........not as................as................)
1. I am short. Mary is shorter.
2. Tom is greedy. Treasure is very greedy .
3. Pauline is fat. Dorothy is fatter .
4. Mary is brown . Rose is browner .
5. Her mother is very beautiful. My mother is beautiful .
6. Their home is far. Our home is very far .
7. This table is high. That table is higher.
8. She is organized. He is more organized.
9. Fahad is handsome . Faruk is more handsome.
10. Mary is clever but her brother is not .

Sentence patterns in the superlative degree.

1. He is the best boy in our class. (good)
2. Of the three girls ,Ninsiima is the shortest . (short)

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 3. Of the late comers ,Jimmy is the last. (late)
Activity:
Use the superlative form of the word in the brackets to complete the sentences.
1. This is the ____ book of all. ( big )
2. Today`s weather is the _____in the week. (bad)
3. The boy couldn`t choose the ________ cake from the bakery. (sweat)
4. Trump is the _______ leader in the world. (famous)
5. The church is the _______ building in the district. (old)
6. Of the triplets, Okello is the _________ (pretty)
7. Of all teachers, Teacher Peace is the ______. (beautiful)
8. Simon is the ______man in our village . (rich )
9. Matu`s dog is the ____ of the three. ( ugly)
10. She bought the _____ dress in the boutique . (new )

LESSON 12
FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES .

Adjectives can be formed from nouns and verbs in many different ways .
For example

mountain mountainous
rain rainy
eat eatable/edible
read readable
centre central

FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES FROM NOUNS.

Adjectives are formed from nouns in different ways ie by

Adding ous, ble ,al, en ,y etc

Formation by adding ous.

Word Adjective
anxiety anxious
poison poisonous
danger dangerous
mountain mountainous
courage courageous
religion religious

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 victory victorious
caution cautious
advantage advantageous
miracle miraculous
mystery mysterious
luxury luxurious
fame famous
rebel rebellious
Activity
Use the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. The head teacher’s coming was_______ to many of us .(advantage)
2. Our classroom is not ________ enough to accommodate fifty children. (space)
3. Who is the most _______ boy in our class. ( courage )
4. Digging a pit is more ______ than loading a pick up. ( labour)
5. Kampala is the most ______ district in Uganda. (industry)
6. Oh! You have really sung a very ____ song. (melody)
7. Urban life is more _____ than village life .(luxury)
8. What a _____ man Dr.Besigye is ! (rebellion)

LESSON 13
Formation of adjectives by adding ful.

Word Adjective
mercy merciful
skill skilful
joy joyful
peace peaceful
hope hopeful
colour colourful
beauty beautiful
fruit fruitful
thank thankful
faith faithful
success successful
harm harmful
use useful
help helpful
care careful
sorrow sorrowful
wonder wonderful

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Activity
Use the correct form of the word given in the brackets .
1. We have many ________ leaders.(faith)
2. A lion is a very ________ animal. (harm)
3. He is very ________ . (mercy)
4. John is very ________. (skill)
5. Uganda is a very ________ .(peace)
6. A pen is a ________ object. (use)
7. That work is ________. ( wonder)
8. My mother is very ________. (beauty)
9. We shouldn’t be ______ in class. (play)
10. Most children fear injections because they are ____________.( pain)

LESSON 14
Formation by adding y.
Word Adjective
fault faulty
juice juicy
rain rainy
fruit fruity
cloud cloudy
dirt dirty
guilt guilty
milk milky
salt salty
sun sunny
sand sandy
wind windy
silk silky
wealth wealthy
health healthy

Formation of adjectives by adding ble.

Word Adjective
knowledge knowledgeable
enjoy enjoyable
misery miserable
response responsible
value valuable
comfort comfortable
sense sensible
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 fashion
credit
joy
achieve
read
suit
break
cure
value
favour
measure
move
honour
digest
vision
response

LESSON 15
Formation of adjectives by adding ish.

Word Adjective
girl girlish
woman womanish
fool foolish
blue bluish
child childish
man manish
red
yellow
style
Formation of adjectives by adding less.
Word Adjective
care careless
job jobless
colour colourless
harm harmless
help helpless
hope hopeless
faith
power
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 pain
use
sin
home
need
end
spot
base
fruit
child
friend

Activity
Use the correct form of the word given in the brackets
1. This pineapple is ______. (juice)
2. Her shirt is very ____________. (dirty)
3. Tom is a very __________ boy.(care)
4. He is a __________boy. (response)
5. Our teacher is so __________.(child)
6. The weather is ________.(sun)
7. It is ____________now.(rain)
8. That girl is very ___________.(hope)

LESSON 16
Formation of adjectives by adding al.

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Accident Accidental
Ancestor Ancestral
Annum Annial
Bible Biblical
Centre Central
Continent Continental
Colony Colonial
Crime Criminal
Economy Economical
Industry Industrial
Influence Influencial
Method Methodical
Music Musical
Nation National
Nature Natural
Nonsense Nonsensical
Person Personal
Practice Practical
Region Regional
Occasion Occasional
Office Official
Parent Parental
Finance Financial
Recreation Recreational
President Presidential
Picture Pictorial
Choir Choral
History Historical
Mathematics Mathematical
Development Developmental
Magic Magical
emotion Emotional

Formation of adjectives by adding ic.

Metal Metallic
Science Scientific
Special Specific
Poem Poetic
Real Realistic
Theme Thematic
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 Energy Energetic
Hygiene Hygienic
sympathy Sympathetic

Formation by adding en.

Gold Golden
Wood Wooden
wool woolen

LESSON 17
PROPER ADJECTIVES
These are adjectives we get from proper nouns or names of countries.
Proper Nouns Proper adjectives
Uganda Ugandan
Kenya Kenyan
Sudan Sudanese
Tanzania Tanzanian
Rwanda Rwandan
DRC Congolese
Burundi Burundian
Egypt Egyptian
Canada Canadian
Somalia Somali
Ghana Ghanaian
Libya Libyan
Morocco Moroccan
Mozambique Mozambican
Zimbabwe Zimbabwean
Nigeria Nigerian
America American
Britain British
China Chinese
Holland Dutch
Cuba Cuban
Italy Italian
Ireland Irish
Greece greek
France French
Japan Japanese
Germany German
Europe European
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Africa African
Turkey Turkish
Denmark Danish
Thailand Thai
Spain Spanish
Norway Norwegian
Iraq Iraq
Burkina faso Burkinabe
Cameroon Cameroonian
Cyprus Cypriot
Finland Finish
Gabon Gabonese
Chad Chadian

Activity
Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. There were several _____ at my brother`s party. (Japan)
2. Many _____ have been stopped to enter Uganda.(Rwanda)
3. The _______ former president was forced to resign .(Zimbabwe)
4. A number of ______ were killed during the 11th November terrorist attack. (America)
5. The _____ government has helped Uganda in various ways. (British)
6. We a beautiful tall dirk-skinned _______ head girl at our school. (Rwanda)
7. Who is the _____ girl in your class. (energy)
8. _____ areas are not good for human settlement. (mountain)
9. She is so _______ because she has been sick for months. (skin)
10. Our headteacher has got a _____ voice. ( lady)

LESSON 19
VERBS AND THEIR TENSE
A verb is a doing word. It tells you what a noun is doing, does, did, has done or will do.
Therefore verbs are action words.
Examples
pray
bathe
greet
brush
dress
eat
lay
go
jump

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skip
run
sing
slap
etc
Activity
Underline the verbs used in the following sentences.
1. Daddy is listening to the radio.
2. They cleaned the rooms yesterday.
3. The baby was crying all day.
4. We slept passed midday.
5. The prince wedded a beautiful lady.
6. John married a Kenyan lady.
7. She mops the house daily.
8. Frank fetches water from the borehole.

LESSON 20
Types\kinds of verbs
a) Regular verbs
b) Irregular verbs

Regular verbs
These are verbs which have their past and perfect tense formed by adding “-d” , “-ed” or “-t” to
the verb.

Examples
Verb Continuous tense Past tense Perfect tense
(has, have, had)
Move moving moved moved
arrive arriving arrived arrived
change changing changed changed
dance dancing danced danced
like liking liked liked
use using used used
escape escaping escaped escaped
care caring cared cared
live living lived lived

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 behave behaving behaved behaved
walk walking walked walked
talk talking talked talked
look looking looked looked
open opening opened opened
allow allowing allowed allowed
cook cooking cooked cooked
pick picking picked picked
dye dyeing dyed dyed
die dying died died
tie tying tied tied
lie lying lied (lay) lied(lain)
brush brushing _______ _______
fetch fetching _______ _______
ask asking _______ _______
open opening _______ _______
push pushing _______ _______
wash washing _______ _______
end ending _______ _______
fail failing _______ _______
answer answering _______ _______
play playing _______ _______
delay delaying delaying delayed
hang hanging hanged hanged e.t.c

Activity
Use the words given in the brackets to complete the sentences
1. The president has ______. (arrive)
2. She is _____.(dance)
3. The woman is ___ her hair. (fetch)
4. Daddy ____for us. (care)
5. He has __the dress. (change)
6. I am ___ water. (fetch)
7. He ___of malaria. (die)
8. We _the door. (open)
9. He ___ to his mother.(lie)
10. The boys are ___ coffee.(pick)

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 LESSON 21

Verbs that end with a consonant preceded by a vowel, we double the last consonant (cvc)
Verb Continuous tense Past tense Perfect tense
(has, have, had)
stop stopping stopped stopped
mop mopping mopped mopped
clap clapping clapped clapped
admit admitting admitted admitted
tap tapping tapped tapped
slap slapping slapped slapped
prefer preferring preferred preferred
refer referring referred referred
hop hopping hopped hopped
wet Wetting wetted (wet) Wetted (wet)
map mapping mapped mapped
drum drumming drummed drummed
trim trimming trimmed trimmed
drop dropping dropped dropped
drag dragging dragged dragged
drip dripping dripped dripped
fit fitting fitted (fi) fitted (fi)
spot spotting spotted spotted
trap trapping trapped trapped
slot slotting slotted slotted
flop flopping flopped flopped
trip tripping tripped tripped
slop slopping slopped slopped
thin thinning thinned thinned
skip skipping skipped skipped
wed wedding wedded wedded
label labelling labelled labelled
rig rigging rigged rigged
step stepping stepped stepped

Exercise
Use the words below to make correct sentences
1. hanged
2. mopped

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 3. dyed
4. died
5. walked
6. tied
7. lied
8. lay
9. failed
10. cooked
LESSON 23
Regular verbs

Verbs that end with “y” preceded by a consonant, change”y” to “I” and ed is added
Verb Continuous tense Past tense Perfect tense
(has, have, had)
cry crying cried cried
marry marrying married married
carry carrying carried carried
hurry hurrying hurried hurried
copy copying copied copied
study studying studied studied
spy spying spied spied
fry frying fried fried
bury burying buried buried
dry drying dried dried
apply applying applied applied
dirty dirtying dirtied dirtied
deny denying denied denied
rely relying relied relied
reply replying replied replied
multiply multiplying multiplied multiplied
beautify beatifying beatified beatified
prophesy prophesying prophesied prophesied
comply complying complied complied
supply supplying supplied supplied
shy shying shied shied
identify identifying identified identified
photocopy photocopying photocopied photocopied
occupy occupying occupied occupied
try tried tried
defy defied defied

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LESSON 24
Regular verbs that add letter “t”
learn learnt learnt
spoil spoilt spoilt
mean meant meant
dream dreamt dreamt
burn burnt burnt
leap leapt leapt
deal dealt dealt
lean leant (leaned) leant (leaned)
creep
dwell
burn
bend
build
kneel

Exercise
Use the verbs in brackets correctly
1. He __ his best to do that work. (try)
2. The baby is __for milk. (cry)
3. The porter __a wheelbarrow yesterday. (push)
4. Joseph and Mary __at Rubaga Primary School. (study)
5. The children are __for the head teacher. (clap)
6. I am __my food for lunch. (cook)
7. Mutesi __her shoes yesterday. (brush)
8. The gatekeeper has __the gate for the guest. (open)
9. The farmer had __good banana plants. (plant)
10. He __that Jesus rose again on the Easter day. (believe)
11. The children have _______the T.V.
12. The thief was properly _____ with by the police (deal)

LESSON 25
Some verbs ending in y and change it to i and then add ed to form the past tense and the
past participle form e.g

Dry drying dried dried

cry crying cried cried
try trying tried tried
carry carrying carried carried
dirty dirtying dirtied dirtied

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 fry frying fried fried
burry burying buried buried
marry marrying married married
hurry hurrying hurried hirried
copy copying copied copied
spy spying spied spied
lobby lobbying lobbied lobbied
rely relying relied relied
supply supplying supplied supplied
apply applying applied applied
quality qualitying qualitied qualitied
beautify beautifying beautified beautified
rely relying relied relied
accompany accompanying accompanied accompanied

Other verbs ending in y

Pray praying prayed prayed
play playing played played
say saying said said
lay laying laid laid
pay paying paid paid
delay delaying delayed delayed
employ employing employed employed

LESSON 26

IRREGULAR VERBS
Irregular Verbs
These are verbs whose past and perfect tense have no uniform order.

Categories of irregular verbs

1. Irregular verbs that change vowel “i” to “a” for past tense and “u” for past participle
respectively.
Examples
(has/ have/ had)
Present Past Past participle
Swim swam swum
drink drank drunk
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 ring rang rung
sing sang sung
spring sprang sprung
shrink shrank shrunk
sink sank sunk
begin began begun
stink stank stunk

2. Irregular verbs that change vowel “i” to “u” to form past tense and past participle
Present Past Past participle (has/ have/had)
dig dug dug
sting stung stung
wring wrung wrung
stick stuck stuck
cling clung clung
sling slung slung
swing swung swung
string strung strung
fling flung flung
LESSON 27
Exception
Present Past Past participle
strike struck struck
spin spun spun

Irregular verbs that simply change completely

Present Past Past participle
Think thought thought
seek sought sought
hung hung hung
hang hanged hanged
lay laid laid
flow flowed flowed
lie lied lied
lie lay lay
bleed bled bled
feed fed fed
win won won
shine shone shone
breed bred bred
speed sped sped
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 forget forgot forgot
get got got
hear heard heard
hold held held
shoot shot shot
find fought fought
bind bound bound
grind ground ground
fight fought fought
buy bought bought
grind ground ground
find found found
buy bought bought
seek sought sought
think thought thought
catch caught caught
teach taught taught
lose lost lost
breast feed breastfed breastfed
leave left left
light lit lit
make made made
meet met met
lead led led
slide slid slid
stood stood stood
understand understood understood
sit sat sat
say said said
pay paid paid

LESSON 28
Irregular verbs that simply change completely
Present Past Past participle
has had had
have had had
tear tore torn
bear born born
beat beat beaten
know knew known
blow blew blown

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 eat ate eaten
see saw seen
shake shook shaken
lie lay lain
throw threw thrown
forbid forbade forbidden
freeze froze frozen
become became become
rise rose risen
fly flew flown
drive drove driven
shake shook shaken
choose chose chosen
wake woke woken
arise arose arisen
hide hid hidden
write wrote written
swell swelled swollen / swelled
ride rode ridden
sow sowed sown
show showed shown
speak spoke spoken
strive strove striven
be was/were been
is was been
am was been
are were been
begin began begun
go went gone
sew sewed sewn
know knew known
draw drew drawn
grow grew grown
do did done
break broke broken
come came come
run ran run
awake awoke awoken
Activity
Use the correct for the word given in the brackets
1. He _______ a very nice picture. (draw)

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 2. He has _______ my school fees.(pay)
3. The girl has _______ the desk (break)
4. Tom _______ the thief (see)
5. The mad woman _______ a stone at me. (throw)
6. He _______ me yesterday (beat)
7. Our teacher told us to _______ the compound(sweep)
8. The old woman _______ bitterly when she lost her son.(weep)
9. The bad boy _______ under the table (hide)
10. He _______ on the bed and rested.(lie)

Use the correct form of the words given in the brackets to complete these sentences
1. He _______ the baby’s milk. (drink)
2. Our hen has __________ eggs. (lay)
3. The thieves were _______ dead by the police. (shoot)
4. Her mother _______ hands with the president .(shake)
5. Tom _______ the baby yesterday.(feed)
6. Jesca has _______ my uniform.|(tear)
7. He _______ a nice song last week.(sing)
8. He _______ his clothes on the line. (hang)
9. We have _______ the exams. (begin)
10. Teddy _______ me yesterday.(beat)

LESSON 30
Activity
Re-write the following sentences changing the verb to past participle .
1. Diana wrote a letter .
2. He spoke wrong English .
3. We began exams yesterday.
4. I am eating food .
5. He chose a nice dress .
6. Tom knew the answer .
7. The children fought in class .
8. The thief was hanged .
9. John saw the thief .
10. Our hen laid many eggs.
LESSON 31

3. Irregular verbs with double vowels “ee” drop one “e” and we add “t” after the last
consonant to form their past and past participle tenses

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 Present Past Past participle
sleep slept slept
keep kept kept
sweep swept swept
weep wept wept
kneel knelt knelt
creep crept crept
feel felt felt

Remove the last letter and add “t”

bend bent bent
lend lent lent
send sent sent
spell spelt spelt
spend spent spent
build built built
smell smelt smelt
spill spilt spilt
dwell dwelt dwelt
LESSON 32
Verbs that don’t change at all
put put put
cut cut cut
read read read
hit hit hit
burst burst burst
broadcast broadcast broadcast
cast cast cast
telecast telecast telecast
cost cost cost
hurt hurt hurt
bet bet bet
slit slit slit
shut shut shut
let let let
split split split
set set set
wet wet wet

Some irregular verbs form their past and past participle adding “t”
Examples

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 dream dreamt dreamt
deal dealt dealt
learn learnt learnt
mean meant meant
I learnt leant

LESSON 33
Formation of verbs
words verbs
strong strength
wide widen
long lengthen
beauty beautifully
broad broaden
sweet sweeten
tough toughen

Exercise
Use the verbs in the brackets correctly.
1. The driver __the van in a high speed. (drive)
2. The class monitor has __books to the teacher. (take)
3. They are ___in the river. (swim)
4. He __his shirt last Saturday. (tear)
5. The teacher __those who did complete the work. (beat)
6. The bird has __into its nest. (fly)
7. Mulefu is __down the big tree. (cut)
8. I nearly __myself with a hammer. (hit)

LESSON 34
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
A tense is the changing of a verb according to time of action. We have three types of tenses
namely:-
i) Present tense
ii) Past tense
iii) Future tense

PRESENT TENSE
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Present simple tense
This tense is used when referring to actions which happen everyday, weekly, monthly, yearly etc.
The verbs used depend on the nouns or pronouns used in the sentences as a subject.
He
She “s” “es” “ies” is added to the verb
It e.g.
1. Tony goes to school daily.
2. Mustafah cries every morning
3. The dog barks every night.

We
You verbs don’t take “s” “es” “ies”
I
They e.g.
1. The boys play football every evening.
2. I wash my uniform daily.
3. Mukose and I mop this house every morning.

Examples
Verbs adding “s”
Verbs Present simple
buy buys
bring brings
walk walks
cook cooks
eat eats
drink drinks
talk talks
take takes
pay pays

Verbs adding “es)

Verbs Present simple
go goes
do does
fetch fetches
watch watches
catch washes
wash brushes
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 brush matches
match

LESSON 35
Verbs dropping “y” and adding “ies”
Verbs Present simple
carry carries
cry cries
dry dries
fly flies
spy spies
supply supplies
comply complies
marry marries
burry buries

Exercise
Use the verbs in the brackets correctly.
1. The baby ___everyday. (cry)
2. I __my homework from home every day. (do)
3. He ___a school bag every day. (carry)
4. My mother ___water from the well daily. (fetch)
5. She ___her shoes every morning. (brush)
6. Joyce __on the bed every day. (lie)
7. They __for the head teacher every day. (clap)
8. The class monitor __ to the staffroom every time. (go)
9. The children __their books in the desk every day. (keep)
10. Our teacher __English well every day. (speak)
11. I ___lessons every Mondays. (doge)
12. The drivers ___cars every day. (drive)

LESSON 36
Change these sentences to negative and interrogative
Examples
1. The fortress is strong
a. The fortress is not strong
b. Is the fortress strong?
2. Our teacher of English speaks English
Our teacher of English does not speak English
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 Does our teacher of English speak English

Exercise
Change these sentences to negative and interrogative
1. They clap hands every day
2. There is something on the table
3. There is some chalk in that drawer
4. The conductor collects fare every day
5. It shines every day

Change these sentences to passive voice

Examples
1. Birds eat insects every day
Insects are eaten by birds every day
2. Joy drinks water every day
Water is drunk by Joy every evening
Exercise
1. Peter plays foot ball every day
2. The doctor injects patients every day
3. The carpenter smoothes the furniture daily
4. Peter speaks English at school
5. Children kneel on the mat every Friday

LESSON 37

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

This tense is used to show actions which are taking place now and even those that are to take place
in future.
a) Singular nouns and pronouns use “is” as the helping verb (She, He, It) use “is” + the main
verb ending in “-ing”
Examples
1. The boy is sitting on the chair.
2. The cow is eating grass.
3. The baby is crying for milk.
4. Jane is cooking food.
5. The cat is lying under the table.

b) Plural nouns and pronouns use “are” as the helping verb.

(We, They, You) we “are” + the main verb ending in “-ing”
Examples

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 1. The girls are skipping with a nice rope.
2. Betty and I are mopping the house.
3. You are shouting for the baby.
c) Pronoun “I” uses “am” + the main verb ending in “-ing”
Example: I am going to school
I am weaving a basket now.

Exercise
Use the verb in the brackets correctly
1. She is ___the work now. (begin)
2. The boys are ___in the river. (swim)
3. My sister is __the cup on the table now. (put)
4. The casualty is ___terribly. (bleed)
5. All the parents are ___school fees in the bank now. (pay)
6. I am ___my crops. (weed)
7. The teacher is ___the stubborn boys. (punish)
8. The passengers are ___for Entebbe air port now. (leave)
9. I am ___him coming out of his office now. (see)
10. The P.4 class is __a basket. (weave)
LESSON 38
Negative (interrogative)
Change these sentences in negative and interrogative
Examples
1. The teacher is teaching English
a. The teacher is not teaching English (Neg)
b. Is the teacher teaching English? (Interrogative)
2. The driver is repairing his lorry
a. The driver is not repairing his lorry. (Neg)
b. Is the driver repairing his lorry? (Interrogative)

Exercise
1. He is planting coffee bushes near his house
2. The passengers are travelling to Entebbe
3. The cobbler is mending my shoes
4. The tinker is repairing the broken pots
5. Jane is thinking about the answers.

Active, passive and question tag

Examples

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 1. The conductor is collecting the fare
a. The fare is being collected by the conductor,(passive)
b. The conductor is collecting the fare, isn’t he?
2. The mourners are carrying the coffin
a. The coffin is being carried by the mourners.
b. The mourners are carrying the coffin , aren’t they?
Exercise
1. The school bursar is writing a receipt
2. The head boy is wringing the shirt
3. The house maid is weaving the mat.
4. The carpenter is smoothing the furniture
5. The spectators are blowing the horns
6. The mechanic is repairing the vehicle
7. The conductor is riding a bicycle
LESSON 39
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
This tense deals with actions or events which have just taken place. The helping verbs used here
are “has” and “have”
She
He use “has + a verb in the perfect tense
It e.g.
1. The baby has eaten an apple
2. The car has knocked a girl.
3. Tom has drunk the juice already.
4. He has begun the work
5. She has written the work.

You
They use “have” + a verb in the perfect tense
I
We e.g.
1. The girls have fetched enough water
2. Micheal and I have eaten all the food.
3. I have gone to the market.
4. They have repaired the car.
5. We have seen the mechanic

Exercise
Use the verb in the brackets correctly
1. She has __some seeds in the garden already. (sow)
2. We have __the teacher just now. (see)

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3. Mr. Wakori has __the snake now. (beat)
4. She has ___herself already. (hang)
5. He has ___his shirt. (tear)
6. I have __over the fence. (jump)
7. The animals have __ the thunder. (hear)
8. The head teacher has ___the stubborn boys. (punish)
9. The cows have ___all the potato vines. (eat)
10. The cat has ___mummy’s glass. (break)
LESSON 40

Negative\ interrogative
Examples
1. We have seen a snake
a. We have not seen a snake
b. Have we seen any snake?
2. Mr. Wambwa has rung the bell
a. Mr. Wambwa has not rung the bell
b. Has Mr. Wambwa rung the bell?
3. The choir has sung a nice song
A nice song has been sung by the choir
The choir has sung a nice song, hasn’t it?

Exercise
1. They have stolen some computers
2. The bees have stung the thieves
3. The head teacher has expelled the stubborn boys
4. I have knelt on the mat
5. The farmer has sown some seeds

Active and passive voice and question tag

Examples
1. The cat has drunk the milk.
a. The milk has been drunk by the cat (passive)
b. The cat has drunk the milk, hasn’t he?
2. The mad man has torn the shirt already.
a. The shirt has been torn by the mad man already
b. The mad man has torn the shirt already, hasn’t he?
Exercise
1. The librarian has bound the book
2. The barber has dyed the hair
3. Mr. Jagwe has hung the shirt

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4. The doctor has shaken the medicine well
5. The dentist has worn a nice shirt

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