} PND CEbL Bavins ron f fir New cells s- #Chvstratin > Complex @Dne and Need = | Protery. . oe F * Chromosomes —> Age cotled ond Call divigion Conde nsech Rea ee © Rapoearnert- i. ChRoMaran 12H RBG are dutroyed evry &C : DNA (deowirribon elie acid) —4oy, My ave coupled by call dtviden Histone: (, eB problem) — gow. Repaiy> ee FD Peet) — bor *deetdantel inprses | | p Batiilesre Abruchuwe vias thudied @ Rieneei es i bys Reelind Franke (1953) ce F Sttgle Dna molewele Nowromalitule. peor Nucltotedys FNterPhase Mibeste ) Phosphate Susay Nibogenoes Oyen phase, ee oe RNR protons cone stpnthssted @ dening = Thymins ee SCylane ee end chloroplasts vile. ES: 4 ie es ss OG pram Satire phere (') | a Teles um CeNing anh pa chay i * Mond ona ea mites DNA flo Shuckurat units colle . : *Chvomaena, api = ~ Nuthosenas OG Phase < a SOM Gale Sian More RNA B matters Sytethenk. 4M Dona - %; Dy iy Colle irre Chromaomes Mint Metsu Somab fbedyaly ReProductren Atpted Aapieid.TT aasenphare @ cea Fy ANIMAL cette sae ern soma Bas | Crain > Nucleolus monet nt Nucloplaa A Terra ola | @Late Punphase ints @ Early Prophare. a ne sk BAS ss ae zs ae Ot, par Vy 2 sain’ iy, early te spate a Ceqwbnusa beqins) = Cuanege Quek Baga Sard eS: R= an Libres SS ‘a RBA : Oy RAS Ce Ny, @ Lote Telopharre AiPopeass eolua 4 Nuc | a Uaeowes Jy Ve abomg a | irae we efor andennee Plome & Ha ch \ 1 \> Sirota > seoett pve xo “Hae, op POE & cells: . pou Coyotinasle ape). rs SEE ABSORPTTON BY ROOTS Plank ohystagy- 7 melabelim fpplonts Dineen eit Pectin by Rents ee oe =a water Cantinbration. de The Heaion Need .— ON af deaier Concentration uben they are tn bterk contact Orholosyhthet, > "ra wraterial ee arene: Ligh mess © — ae O° aac GHi206+ 602 Moyemgak & water melorules, from © Transerabion -5 Leap of water theih Seaton 6 Aitghen Concentertron }] Pets by Walon Vapour Sfrough Fs ty Heats veqon 8), Louser concentvatien Ponds. (Surlece 72 loa) ae. & Sent~pomtabl marl, , remapest ation > water ts needed ; Oo tant port, (Hintxels (httrates ) ) end CKomerty cit D Mathartcal Attu — hingheltly Apaen aa MCE ALE Of vent») foe cabsosbing Coneentrated > Raed ou kas iy | re vy 1@ ehomous surtace seeks ditluke —> ley water, Surtace aves - 5 Nabanbion ayacales Ssmetfe preuve « He a lt on ft rn a Sy htahen eo thon By Hie cee tee ale i _ belufton (ip ables Vacnoles > contaiy cell sae is a Pence aee: Ao Wwes Salis. Tena ctkyfe = “Phineploa- A. Clucoe (te His) ed Activation ehlerephyll 2. waten (Used Light Cabsorbs proton Ss Sepen Oa ¥ OR octhces By roves Souttioy eiges fro y'5 0a tn 4 Bienes of he Stanived > eosin! _ BOtemperahere.— A EAEES Np reed) Gels temsines asm = > given out (By. eee j Ounce, e Bolen by an enzyme z ante eae Oa lovopnyll. Nukenibioral*ackpting themselfs fer ubltzirg Nahoal se sowrees. *Pavents—chitdren are nob RL > Veciation | @Suxvival Qahe Fittest o These who! -2uvihe. can enjoy (the adventageous adaptations *Ovigin CY New Species by groclual Meelifi cation A Seectatien.. Cindustrrat Fularta, — Matanina) Before xndurtvial reveution * Light Colourecl S>Lorge th Tumbur - Cblended= Widens, bree trunks), "Dork Coloured > vare @aten Bepdy Birals berg easiy vibe) Ptor sndlusttal moveluticn * + Pellutions couse Heath lichens darkening @ tree trunks. + Pak colowred ~y large (Aicter eostly). + Hight coloumeds Lom (eorily « Natwrel Selerctioy + buvvrwal @ se. Fittot sew seo eccammlalh™ QEPREV FZ z= Seon 2mo8Ees sh «tomo Japtens - @pusbraloprtiecus - Btproalim — Nearly Strai pre + low forehead ie * Lack : chin , Coveredl wilh -hatn + 20C™ (aranly ueght) DRHono hakelés . “Bipectal gtk, more en "ape Wiki Aeaol @ Homo erectus * walked £ ere UE Treeedling cand low (forehead) spiel no chin, char radu cea Alo +015 at an 2 wo & Slanhag- #Sh9 louerynus wit almost Noch © Reduced beoly rate * to (Sent sexe ek) 6 CYe Mengmn - * Patect btpeclattinn > break oreheol forehead [wel davelopedl Chie. tons fing 82 cm fully ercee ® Hodoin mon. Trortect bipedal focumotion _ + Beer Porehaodl Prominent Un? Aiqity reluceal Hake Jaoem fully ee8 2 FF POPULAT rons}! tort Pepulation thous) 94% [Factors responsible): — | 52,000 yas 99° ~> 1,000, 000 ® cllitva ey Storeage “tool-making Yevelution. PEM now oth Panetion s !0,cc0yrs 9° > 55 cree Praclittonas beltebs Scttied : $ Chtlolren > SPRL wD god. * elomustreonioe Omortatitjrate. “Ayres J aetmals (dog) BSc eetIS oreiclucs on. ones Sei Be Gan han ® Economic yeanmnt. Tul TY S ay rtot Pepulation dey = child > Fecal pid, ford bo 5 Raprol vise tn populahion More Poly creme . 2 Oancustysat Avot on. OPerive % make obsld. “Ue comforthable tte «Male: helps gel pavers . Beg Cure Si Diack Op reackor. RAOVEA TEX Ned Sa. 1p F SRA, a — a M Natural ryesouness TMere chilean per fimcty UN) ANY Substance , - OF oraank, hic! erie, OrgenTin yo ee X 5, Oreod BUNT ote SP Sole och foot => onthe 1) 11 Alo ess -| Reoseonis) Pella Spomunkic. PRgveWIon ® Better Aralth core. O Water § ® Fewer oleaths A popuiedion 5 Seometty Quster CO ent, Shortage mintmised @iond . _ + foc cultivation & Budlolings @ amprovest nutyi Hon. @ e S tange-scate SESE) aoa eSirge 6 yee) nbaL, © Few Prank oaths . Stabile climatic eonclitrory| HUMAN EVOL ¥ Qolution. iB Proves hora) oy Ws Complex. forms em milli ons Envivenmental Changes + + S Se reels Strugg ie for ©*Dtance S eh Pans, Lae 6) org ans Novia tron 3 + Havorabie E Structure Ohisapumes Struchere develops ae Favorable Thhortitan eda! Netuval “Variation eas ee Selection 4 + Elmanation Survival 9 fttes E Origin of Mew (unabu to c Species. Stavives ea Variations . y M each. siole Tous, + * Appears TIT 20ers Oviaty Anes “Hons sel yy chawsing. Bee B Vent Foren Oppenclix , Grewproduction = * Projects from fe bud end % * Dystens 4 Fara mecium, elephants. Becum Osbrugale Por extrtence :- *Nawvow worm thy tube, “Individuals > Crombie Yabes Use 8) Mammals => gests + food. AlLAlore " a slow ond Corban % Plana cs enged Prom Atinp les, © & Yeare. i. ye UTION “Prdjeting lobe tike font op &xternaleay. & be Yothen bon “Peeili) clavelopct nck Punctioviless Murcle . me VSelectton 3 Werproducon Mhertanee o boveurable Noxtations Gradual MCCurmulation eaeSA eT a a rg 2 (Pourt ual) *Peloy bp bith 6) Pint chill “Pebrolain =7 exhastod, vo pou Apack Tou seeonsl = ConvenHonal touree » Chill with subfienr intovat Nen —tnventional fowreesi— -ahept Family ploning rautthiod, eebiews cecleen ‘ ; ae | eee Se, Family woltare (sed Biangle's) | Moreal rercur or ® Sroabl Lawily @ nubition sfor mother onal Child ® Cane of dhilcon 5 and orak rehydsotien Das (6, *Non Genuabl «Never bg repleced. (aroraun dsc) 4 Susy A Kihol 0 hevelopment meets Kis ned of the (wit oudk Con prernftsing Ate ability urvivel yours ® », dhs dune Jenoations Yo 2 Meek 4heR rion wnszol . (2k) @Eox-vien mae Hcoh Steoly 0, Aurnan Oe! seine? a Seren 6) Diaphaws + baler ener with Abs tsbutron - Cs AS Svearcad -2) indivi \AkBextoiny -- EES fan Em=/E fallopian tubes orn ext [lsgateo) “bet witha nylon {focal bret per Loco /yeoce | Deokhy, Fae eee esa Goeth wate 9 populakon'- + AEE bok Davin vale 2 ovat?[ej PROH 2 pea sa FF feet ie GIACULATORY: “fo mans: sin panes = bese os ce ¥ Meverunk ‘response do 4H rule 7 SYSTEM plier brepte monemunls | troptsm enamepanetion = Teansportakion Cobac Phetotreptien > H nudwotats , waste » formenus, Oe modern tours, Light. exyge? and othin qo5es *Shooks -7 pouitve , roots > negahve 4 Auxits > Sentive bo Light » \ ae " Blocct Aips Sin kerding for shook ove J Ore i Saarts blo vou | @ o Bhan. (tnounsing on dark side A : J OTinsue Fluid . CBRE iI = (Crovttvor sD + present between Ht colls * Grrowiig towards earths gravity @ rymph Sheot-rnsgative yvoot—> powirve —- colletbr a Mme flute, Fluids Sn our booly > fF f} ™ j Hyclietrepiin (Opes) :- blood flows Shrough | © = £h »esponse vto canton. /mothbere Spin Spaces Jin TR body without yoy, Shek negative yreot-rpajkve. versely (arsects , aninaals), A vod) Thilgecbiepsinn (ClPHRES-— blooct ctyeulates : par) * 1A Yesponse- to touch SHmulus through blood vowels. (Humans) e 2,4) °Suscttreace 5 cuscuba Non. chxeulabing Pudols - Strovial } ‘lendbitls cofl oxound otha ports Plurdl veieee Mumour. ¢ Chamobeotimn és o "In serpenw vo chemicals. : = Always “En motion Fungi cqrowtag bowards cts amen ¥Plways Sn motion % veoh food. Heart > ortenies eins “reat | “Drosera Loumrels nubition. * Colour, te ‘Hobie tiepisnn Bright el autenion 1+ Pact monement bo ola Tok red > oing . wet | Wgion Aulps 3 bending + volume = 5 fob Lats (ow hued G dhe Aeam vbousorrels tight: * Tate > Salish74 Olen % Nubochonolate, * Ne cellular vesptration * all ox dalivered to che Hasue Uncorisemes Ono creoplasmic ye culunn “Incase Sn Flextbility Yor meovirg Horoush Narrow) Capillaries Abnormal RBCs + Polyeythasmta > ancneare Eryinn —> dawneane - have rufous © Pmbeberct, shape * 4000 ~-x000 PAM” 6 bio * Pla peckiiis — wee, SQueeces cub % Hie boos oven @phag panes = nuutkrophils engult 1 fenbtele Like folil substance ,Opecally f bacteria. ; ' @inflamenatron—> Yeachion Of fine | bo dinfures and restric Snvation % i ew Not to Aitease * Gams ts ae. badly @ Formation BE Antitecties . Zeus Pritodies ore preduced 0 \eill todays chime bo ash oy. 1g antiboolea, . : by stimu Grranulay rie. | seep gtes ee Eokinophis 4 Barefphils- soflawotion cee een Secs ‘Blood platetets -- deo sminute ovat / yo und Shu ctures Clotting of blood. (coagulation) Anjured Harve calls § platelets | Release Thcrombo KE Note. “Prothyombia SETG act ve -blood 1% 1°", Plosma, Frovinegen Pibvin faocl-ssabts) t+caitons Gach) rrioine Cactive)= ouree RY Fanapextat bleed. :- @rrgestect food Alimantyy canal > bigs ues ation jerments, | oxygen * sdangs —> Hessues *Brconcave te Lik structure Hb+ on ABs. —— Oxy haemoglob,> Provide towe< suyface area. Canshable). wl Vasey (lator clla 4. thus + Wangs (is Fotult Pomale > 4.5 mullion Hb+Coy——= tb.co, INE eot at Wee l Ganbamine haamoglobia) Haemoglobin Pr Canbon monoxj do Sea Stroma, cmbains vrespivatony ‘ olthour Hbto -> potion Constable), Pamnt = HaemogloHin : @ Exowabsry molertal pestle yen Clb (peer ef Four —> Liver, Ktolney sleim BCs. te RRs Adults —7 mareows % Long bones, vied Endlocnine glands —> blood , Cribs , breast bone , Liu 4 hip) © Heat Enbyo 7 Liver anck «plain Uniform temperatura by ishy bug Children bone Marrovs , alf kno, Feat Average Le avt _ Flasma (55-60%) Peibroyed vith Splun y Liven, RBes Callie bont moanvov. PRA t woE0, Se 2 clestroyed every 4econcl. | Plakiets: | Aonas C29 lol 2 clube ove dey es Ae AMON RE Cnt Hann: seer ag ial Glacete, amino aecolisytianuw # — Plosma Contatnity Corpounda: qucose 5 Asemones > wer Plosma without Pf byinegen. > Serum Rid bloect calls Cerythrocybes > to travel fhveugh small cappilorer Adlult mabe => Smihion RBCs+ gas exchange : i 4 usion gubstonce (Gre XH, nen) Pre e\yosodilatron > cdtrruaws Be wo q a pe cee svosotonstithon > Snvuase Bp. Sub i { ee A tony axtey os “Durde Hot duo fact durins pte Oc : ; ae sua Clavuape tn Hood pe ens Fs : RE cnncoare canned = Joo coi, face oe a p Meion: Unk wight auricle, (reduce blood Fie 2 D: fMMOr the opentag 4 Aupuior we AY. Putman ebveatation: B a “AYN—> Atveo vent culoy neole. Pulmonary artery —7 Wangs) Fula 5 = i *Bunclte A muscular fiber —/bRHB vein 2 @ “PAHB Contain branch’ yin Systemic -<6rculahen’— Suanniteg alons, chs Veni -vpeRinfe Ooita—y organs —> S.venacaug Fibou. = tHepalte artery: Aorta—> Line, | = S Hepatic gortel vein: Stomach, |© | Werrton \ Tntertine —> Liver (Enola Th ’ hertS oman organ Head Capeiltoames onal ey ea Migkmurcutar vove Thin museler "Be prpee Hon ola hija | Meosiered by 28 ph ramen. * Bloool UUW ole © Preduces Ljephscytes | Pesce oul veslmsin se) 4 | NY notre ibe Cells ; ee “NO mupcles ie 7 Lone oo a Berle wes Svante Sa a Preduuh, Captions vente —y laveqey¥ Pe SN Biase — i , ) | Were an Carsuce | @eoareorbtion * Fluid entoning > lilute totution: “Contains = glucose, sodium + Séleetuemabseretton > normal Conc.0} bloat B not disbrubed Ubulax Secrition f Per *Felhate Ue Pt after seabsoxbfon And tubulay secreatton ruvine | Physical propartren:- _ Weqetable oliet => alkaline . _ Conatitwerets” of wine -— 957. — water Vea — 9.3 Rack —o 6 _ Ammonia - 0.6. i — Veemabie. @ rut to amemia hepatttS ¥ colour > yellow ( uxsthyvene) # Volumt > 4 tos.s ltkors pevcday pH = 5-8 proteth diet pacicic odour ammonia Like/Faint smell | ® Opecifcc Aranity > 1.008 -|.0as 57. —Soltd wate. @ebod parses with wring (tnfedtia)) a5 fig blood prexnue Altamin protefo may pars with Urine —) efburataurrio: Bik pigmenh may conten 70 } wort, \ q Cone & urine % controiled by => Aba Van —> 4 ovtoe . (CleunEsb) Taste — | Sweobh—> Diabetis melts |i Normod —7 Saltiah \s tasteless uabotes iptdis | Gruficen’ ape | OSmmomrepulation :- | | "Regulation } Cimnatfe pressure ™ blood. * Removing waste Like urea ‘from | bloc also lates iby Grate Cholera > Vomiting 5 oust *dntotine 2 unable cto absaib water, Arhtiuial Rrolrey * Dialysis mochin - :) Rhy system 2 fa Mulay |, Rhesus monkey a ht —> Rh- (edie, ante bocty’) s % Gets senirtized ud | ead —- ef Secind brans fusions pool to Le ceoth os th on ttbocly Prodkutad ? Com [ke x Past PransPution. cause reckon wive| | en srt aie je « + { == Clete ene “4 Coronary antenios 2— child —) Rht (Rataorwe “Blockage > nyo conctratiiitiactien Fins Pregnancy > Sensitized Chon as 2) Se@end ae leah Jaberbion * Gina pecterts — chee pain clue 4 at sha antibey creel Props vio dnouffictent Supply B) blood against 2. Uo faove muscles Rht —SiPantiens: = Fehodae -tendinae ~7 flaps op , (lescereireeTisiire.- 3° thy Henke el anol trteuprd. Connects to the aerky WeeeHion: tn hs centre between Verbieulay valves . q Te two lungs and. above Aiaphram 5 peice Semilunay value 5 ab Coventig: Jo om baat —4 tm voidlth Ry Poin A orig ®y aovta * Protected by double usalled + trom tere caer Hs Mumbroncous Coverg peremdlium, Heart Boots (comdiac cyete ieee Diastole > Rolo. Right = aibium sventrile Systol > eontrack. eRe aaccurs ventricle - Full human Aeort beat > 0.854. Racca te j Sy stole % auricle —> Onssec “ Arteror vena cava (oleorggrabd) Systole 0 ventricle > mesoee | “Potlevior vena Coma (oeyeerated) All chamers sulax —> O.4osec. | 2 ootony (cheoegyiraked) loam"Vi # Bee oy) Bg eis, “Gf remcad chemical ) [¥prean 4 Be wastes(ribveqenous) Prom thu us Bp. Substance to be Clirfinated :- Spr | Oco2 and unten + Coa > lungs lise + Wako > dweab Ontbrogenous wastes Drea, uric acicl sammonta. > Fray ee liven (hoad-proteir ’ UL Peres urea can cause alg th. | Pexers salt 3 Saver (eae) ea oa I sweat. wen, _ THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM Ano vetaxes ene at a dime ~ Michwration/untaation - Tatemnadesevietarce toutes daxk corte: meddulor *Medulla —yarvengecl o pyramids, “Axo pyramic. > eigen *Minuke tubules —> ur imitencus) raphvone [renal [Midna babies Structure 8} ne phorons ‘= #* Bovoman% eh 4 Pal > thts walled cup not Lee pcos: (beleitag % ORSNE OubtvaFtLbatron : "Blood Plows fh, SB Pak: prance from tha raves Affountovtentoly and frltow ouk ~ Ubbve Fil teuation qerwatus