This document discusses microbiology and parasitology. It begins by covering the early development of microbiology including the invention of the microscope. It then discusses the spontaneous generation debate and outlines Koch's postulates. The document goes on to explain the two major categories of microbes - acellular and cellular. It provides details on the structure and components of bacteria cells including the cell envelope, capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleoid. Finally, it briefly outlines bacterial shapes, taxonomy, and the parts of a microscope.
This document discusses microbiology and parasitology. It begins by covering the early development of microbiology including the invention of the microscope. It then discusses the spontaneous generation debate and outlines Koch's postulates. The document goes on to explain the two major categories of microbes - acellular and cellular. It provides details on the structure and components of bacteria cells including the cell envelope, capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleoid. Finally, it briefly outlines bacterial shapes, taxonomy, and the parts of a microscope.
This document discusses microbiology and parasitology. It begins by covering the early development of microbiology including the invention of the microscope. It then discusses the spontaneous generation debate and outlines Koch's postulates. The document goes on to explain the two major categories of microbes - acellular and cellular. It provides details on the structure and components of bacteria cells including the cell envelope, capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleoid. Finally, it briefly outlines bacterial shapes, taxonomy, and the parts of a microscope.
This document discusses microbiology and parasitology. It begins by covering the early development of microbiology including the invention of the microscope. It then discusses the spontaneous generation debate and outlines Koch's postulates. The document goes on to explain the two major categories of microbes - acellular and cellular. It provides details on the structure and components of bacteria cells including the cell envelope, capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleoid. Finally, it briefly outlines bacterial shapes, taxonomy, and the parts of a microscope.
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
The Development of microbiology Microscope- a toll that allows us to see small entities
Early Beginnings 2 major categories of microbes
- Historians are not sure who made the first observation of microorganism Acellular- lacks nucleus and microbes are infectious.
- Microscope available during the 1600’s. Cellular- microorganism like bacteria, fungi, and algae.
- Robert Hooke invented the microscope. (Father of Microbiology).
The spontaneous generation debate NOTES*
3 percent of microbes can cause infection.
- Scientist debated the theory of spontaneous generation which stated that microorganism is from lifeless matter, which was disputed by Microbes are 10x of the cell of the bodies. Francisco Redi. Opportunistic microbes can cause infection. Germ Theory
- Louis Pasteur conducted experiments to discover that bacteria are the PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES cause why the wine and dairy products is sour. *microorganism join all other living organism in 2 major group of organisms. - He emphasizes the importance of bacteria in daily life. Prokaryotes- No nucleus, simple organism Koch’s postulates - Bacteria - Robert Koch formulated a theory by cultivating antrax Eukaryotes – With nucleus, complex organism. Principles of Hookes postulates - Fungi, protozoa, unicellular algae - Specific organism is only found infected, not in healthy - Specific organism should be isolated from the disease and grown in pure Virus – neither prokaryotes and eukaryotes. culture - Microorganism should be re-isolated 5 kingdom classification Microbiology- Study of microbes Monera- bacteria and cyanobacteria Microbes- Living and non-living entities that can’t be seen by the naked eye Protista – Protozoa, unicellular algae, slime molds. MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
Fungi – molds, mushrooms, yeast provide structural strength and support,
Plantae – Plants
Animalia - Animals CELL MEMBRANE
Controls the entry and exit of materials from cells
Golden age of Microbiology
Bacteria Outer Membrane
- A large group of single-cell microorganisms Acts as a permeability barrier to solutes
Some cause infections and disease in
animals and humans. Types of Bacterial Cell Envelope
- Bacteria lacks nucleus and internal structures Gram-positive Cell Envelope
- Bacteria are prokaryotes comprises a cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer. This helps in retaining the crystal violet dyes during gram-staining
BACTERIA CAPSULE Gram-negative Cell Envelope - Covers the outmost part of the cell - Makes the bacterial surface slippery contains a cell wall with a thin peptidoglycan layer - Acts as a resistant due to which the cell wall is unable to retain crystal
violet stain upon decolorization during gram staining
CELL ENVELOPE
- serves to protect organisms from
unpredictable and hostile
Mycobacteria
- It lacks an outer cell membrane but has a cell wall composed of
CELL WALL peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acid. MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
Cytoplasm - Coccus/Coci – Spherical
- The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus. Spirillum/Spirilli- Spiral
Cytoplasmic membrane
- The cytoplasmic membrane is a semipermeable membrane that Many Bacteria grow in colonies determines what goes in and out of the cell. Diplo- Found in pairs NUCLEOID Strepto- Found in chains - Nucleoid contains the genomic DNA and molecules of RNA and Staphylo- Grape like cluster proteins.
Flagella Diplpcoccus - The word “Flagellum” means Whip Streptobacillus - Hair like structure that enables movement Staphylococcus Pili
are short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells.
Taxonomy – the science of classifying living things. Ribosome
- Involved in making proteins
Methods of classification - composed of protein and ribonucleic acid. Phenotypic classification Plasmid Observable characteristics - small ring of DNA separated from the main chromosomes Size, shape, staining characteristics
SHAPES OF BACTERIA Analytic classification - Bacillus/Bacilli- Rod shaped -Whole cell lipid analysis MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
