ygkaqM_Ollanidl
p pAKakou o HO MOm NaC
HIAAHO Na L+Ha SO4
Nal t Ho SO4 NaHSO4 t HC mo, p n
HAAOu Na CLL Coue Ha Na SOy t HCL
phadusb Na HSO4 SO4
HC
COuAHO ustl
olbDiud nl oscopo
proadw ih xidothud No0 Y diuakiug ta puwpas aHu Xeaskou
obsalh ku TuLHA ahluN CAue-H2 SO4 iuhialls adousy ustod
iutui aUmAl loattom lask
doliwuuhl buhblo taough H dug pAAAA Hduql the
ud Ha dsT Qul i aQut iu Atudsl laatil
pramuiou calliAna iutu go jan
Robuiou midiu is AuALA JlaLoly to
eniekou DHy HCLgoud iatalludl coudtol Hu LLukio a HCl goa
hutu upLond oiaplaAimuut oaix
HAAAAh ta uigluls soluali a Luasi
iu udu HuL Ask calllatr AL
iduki aoko u t wm ukoua sad dippasl iu LAAu
ammoun clhlaud
Na 0LA pAL Joo Ckodp ausA AAAiLy aAilohle
H2804
CouA HEd palunal- wauALAlaHlh, boruu
mthiat paut
displouAh AbbHlo HeAOm tup saltol Nol
Cous HNO, auat uAGAl-JAlakL, May Alah2
ut ut HL
Tawmpualuy alau 200 C uuatuAAA=Eul uthiTA QIAA
appAlhLA mAu uN a Cank, Na Suulnlah Jona Ad cnust
dtcks a Ho Qlo) auM dlicult th umouL
7 | 0 PLOsae wAtnsMaA duuiq aQuth=Sius Huu unst ut HA
CAAAA Hso4 ia uA aA dnyiug a
Pano IS2A Simpln eupuinmu Pou-14T- COuaL
Text fo HU auol HAaA
6 Jouto upuimut ppAnaiu
Pubdealue
lttuesAAL
PxnANaHoa HCatid
DULLdE ahlonatidu
alHC gaaiu uahiuk daliyub LaAAA-batksuehis
Badk Sutkia
H-wqutu watu solubl
aoluRAN HUa HAaua wluoh Hl qoau pha disbts immus1A-
A LLAGtu xaty a _abloxpttauaL HUAuigla himno apAkalhtL
CuatAl in tuHubL
pHIAur audaiala buiug Juglua cAuA HuLostu ta ba puhad up-iuib
HLoliluUY Hubo aus_oaunagaLA Hu appAnat- boAk SuA HOL
Aia 0namAAmOMt ouald baAk Sua Hoa
uA AauAunt-ad Pauumta miuiniLy batk-usHau aluhhu
-b Pianiolus a Lang UALaAL OQA pahaonloHau
HOL 00
Knakiou
Ammouio NHg H NH4
Nat 2HCL 2NaL tH2
Hmdala Znt2 HCL 2n CL2 tHa
M+HU Mq 2tH2
Pe t2HcL 2 Fe02 + H2 muto tHL mitaUie dhlouiolu t Hydeqa
mualuC MO+HL Mg l2 tHao NaOH + HL Nal + H20
Oxlolu/tsologd
uon Fe 0 +2 H CA OHh 2HC AU t2Ha0
Fe U2 H20 OH) CU
mUtalt
3FROn 6tO 2F2lg t 3Ha0 uh&Alt Hu> onot Walu.
Naa COg +2HUL,INauL t Hz0 +CO 7 NaREO HULNad t Ha0 CO2t
C& COg HUL CA CHe0a) t2HCA Ca.la+2HOt 200,1
CaU2 + H20 t
CO2T|-caubo uutslH u H20 + CO2
Sulpihy Naa 2 HL ANaU tR20 * So2t
So a t Sulplu lue la+H2O+so
K2 S0gt 2H 2 KCL t Hh0+90, ALpi
MUtAl c Na2 9+ H 2Na l + H2Sn *
mUtallue + H+ UJ
SUlpi +HaS
Culanole
Fe9 +2HCLFel2 +H2S
JenA wibab PDNO2)2 t2HU Pbuat 2HNG,| Aq NOt HU C ANos
Pbi No3)h-ot
ailuu'wikat
JAOLuua i ammDILiUA ladiouiolo aL
oiu utl pnt -ln eunaAlaUt duidgus i blale
Dau
Ammauia
prupdnatia o a MMonua amnoiuuM ohloHulolo
eAHa NHC _CbCOED 2
CAU
AAltntThouAAadA amnMDuwM_ohld RIOlO t2H2 0 +2 NHa
ALdium culonido ana aauM
aAk ubpiug alougJAUDandy
alanoavatHau The anumduia aa
aolaiuid_w l0k_pAALA HAXauaA a
iutaa duupiu ldu i
taluatoal aau olliuyuba
CAllwio |NHa iwuutA 00an
CalluatA bHL duuusand
olicplaAomoAut Q ain
.Huglly 30llol iu oa uas uot
ioleudi catou allaATUN
Pg isa-C0u
Giu RAAGA
Aiglu Hakto hy_qut alkoli mAy
cAuutLadt Hau l bs Mublins
ColOH,o LA0A
cap, wlke aHn CAuAke alkali
Ammonuum nioto n ubtueA explaaiua iu ta uAt lliau0aca
wadu i t nady_oisopa
ouun uinous ouidli audwotu Anp0n
Pamdbotoa lakia KIptiu auiuuusl
positau TL AAAauth biu
AAka, also it kaptiuan iuded
buiok bAAk at araak u olas
paiHaM a Hat Har A AuApAuA
CAMeH2304 Os CaCl2 Kat kaA - aiue
hu oluAMMiCally_XAAstuitn N
Duyi onut uAAML Quickuma houio iuuolu
dau uot XAAt unta NHa
C9uatou Na +3H2 2NH3t22 40OA
UAAOuANiaq 2 Hyduoqui 0tio 3
p1odut AmmOuia (NHa)2vsl
COudiHous AAhm- UAbloeLothunuc prAcwALA tuH
2 mpuaku 4S OC- G00 C Capkmum doArutan ik A1Ol-
tuMpruotuus)
/
3) CatalySt -Fiuly duiunialod ina Promotoxmolybduum
pAuukou- impuuttu ika co, cOHS mau poisOu Hu AtoLy
pa 68balal=lanhout jon maLantu 0 asn/naa
niu RoaAGMA+QuuAhawa
oaad Adkon ta giw aptimu uildaao0
hai tha TimpaatuLmaiulaiud duiua Habua Picy
AAku i eudaBumic MoitiapuAd ta lou tu tum2afuu_
Chatoliun puipn HaulisHatimpuauu b lou2 H unaALOHA
OAAH AwlaLo Jm tu uild @ammoua in o. a hmouol
uioh auASo-Soo'c ia maiutoula ammoua maydlueomposo tA_
Qi iinaqu udl dkagoM
optum pIULAwI 200-000atm
CAtAygt AOMi Jiuly dinoA indu
Qu uuARA HA_lliciau.euQH 0atalugt
biAALA uAAHu U) eLoiwmic Huo 0atooluonl mo iTOULA H
tmauabuno
PoudL
pap I10 Dolal-jaunoiu oup!u mui Obakakiou o
CAmbuhibiliy o Awmoua has
Bunw o AmYMOWia M Oxygu
4NHa + 802 2N 6H2O
pROtLdunepa ammauLlAA QO Hadugu lntulb O
DpAMaxsguu Huaugl Haa otu tubi aD JuiQui awit tuo ao
ta ammo wia qo
oluue to it nou- Comhufaihlo
puopb
LoOuoL uA pAAoAl, ammouia
huutiu da OQ ui
agnausuyallauo Jlama omuLu witog
Cata lyte oyidlatou a Ammoua
Pt
HLAAHa 4NH +SO2aa 4NO
pocaNUng pa NH3 90 0Mol OKYGIu qgiu6HoO+A
ths cato :2
u
uich mia a niAdis olAL).
ohanuoHw-1ke cdlaunlA nitni oyii JAumiAl qiuosl
dioxo MOxolahiou_ aaalduau bdun uluaga
inA Ha OAtnu He Ogila.kau
aammo wa ii eO thuimic
Rabiows
aidb NH4 OH + H L NH4 +H20o aLsus
NH0HtHN®3- Qmmoua outd
NH4 NOJ t H20 ammoudum Ha 0
2 wuba u20uhiOu UAA HOUate pAOALuen
q rulu eiugauu NNHLOH+ H2SO42(NH) S04t2H,0 a MoLE
Hg +3 uO CNHA)H2O
w Cu0L Ph O_ 3u +3H20 t N2
2NHg +gPbO> 3PD +2H20 +N2 a t DuduAH2O+
padluy N2
emAAbutatettt NH334tz6NHqt+N2 NH3 HeLHe+NOL
tubiiu Cee
aQDuigh allaD explos tiaual. Nela
tttac sodtr4 uut&
NH4OH
-
Tro3
Fe 304t 2 NHOH NH4),S04 t FelOH, Di Jwaublo
FoClat 3 NHOH SNHs +FelCH v brouLuA iubluuale
LuANL
Pb(NOgt2NHOH 2NHNO PbOH),v soduble
Copp SO4tt 2NH4OH (NHA)2S04 tZu(OH),v
goAkOuy Aaluale
Cu90L4 t dNHLOH NHA), SO tCu(OH) v IAkaluble
motolie Am wouul ammouuwm+ uiakic Coluu Ablubi u
t-eAA
ydbor0lo Xoult
ydseontolu pp
NLUHia AAd
Ao.xata mtAd -FxaM pAfaANiman wodium
eauAh KNO HaSd4 ubkaLcoutH2S-
KH04
NaNOgt HzS04 200 NaHS04t HNO3 HN03
HODAOAA ptaum uLLxa bh (uibu)on uadinm
ibatn (duil uaJk_put) cout H2So4
pa AALA biAuLplAat Odiu bisulphah
auAl itnic aAid Aapous
CALAHOW mpunatuL J0n HauIAA KA
ulkaula ou JuJ Hham 200
CAUIAHa Que HN02Mpauy- (mdwa anu
callatod in Hu atin-CAAlOAL HUL
PLCOKAA=CAplh aapAHdun bmada. oolaM - uiusg HNOg apauA OLOU
RAsou no, uo?
qi
HOAAHam fhnOuaty d paopuly maiutaiued cohalA.
10DAMCaha HANdSu blau umua NO, LLA nwu aAidiio
FeSO4
pAA16-(AMci-I0.6- tub JaM uiluic aAid
eH2S04 iaJU wiuA itis wd IdakHa asid QudlU Aahli_adis-
plAAiu ts wadno uAlokl0_ubue aAid XAm the Lattua ualk
2(ouA H i uat maLN =uiuAalt in JunkaHlo aud daauot displate auatu.
ThappQHALA JA mad up0 Oulu QlaM
MAtLodk ik coKk au Hulbbin QL alLA MiuAl Ha ApoUAQL
ailuc atid aL lugls coxossie
AAatu to aphLLm.Dmpuahuu_maiulou uOa NLua lommpuatuy laiglka
HAAM AAtuAt umnl
A tmouatuny oloA thaM anAUMA 200' e imalutaiuoA
Huo tmOlatul_abau 200 C iat AOAL>I) Damaqa to HA0
aloAAappaalu
) Fual AAtod I) Funtun danoimpagitoMnitkic a
liy) Foxmatou oa hard HoLidudl oukt ol cOMNApoudiu ulpkat n
wuich biuAa pooh CoudluAtoxq uAtuick to t oloa aus eowat
022 12 235 6 15011 gs
_
HLat i tat taldura pu wibuc atid Tit diwt i
Pnu uibuc aAiol Calauus
Ya LaboxatA y ibic OAidJA
ligLutly JHlAuiL oxAu
Lti ulgtl uillouisi bAu dL A
HA diA0
ualuohia uAiaibluat ondiwduy TlmpAatuu but mpasiioueANo
wunouial at
Juglk tumpuaiuxu H calUA 0AAs duu AA
tho dudompaaita
a NO luck u UAOISLAbaum VM CalAun
luckmbis
diuauuA iutu aAid
6uabliu aal O CARlaaM diaxido
duuaut uddista braua NO, qa HAa HLsAm adid
o ntA axioliLs uub0gn diaxial th ntruic asid
Mutm wtu Latoh
CAAAA dinMaukm aNOa qouduelu u aUublLiu
wal
CSTWARD PRocESS
Catnyte Chamlo
Pt
4NHg t 502 4NO t 6H0 tA
CAudu Ho
DAixmu diy ain JHonJHM CO, aud duut panhialu L dy NH
aka iu Haio 10: opAOJiUu100-Roo c_
Oxidakiou hambt
2NO +02 50C 2NO 2,
CMoLiHoa ompalu ASEe 5o
InAbaohbhou Nou
4NO2 t2H2 +O2 4HNO
C0wditou Oxduudu Tompeohu
Giue Kanub+uuAttous
AiglN Hakoo|Laixh uudlainis LlAd in alHu Houabi nidahiousA
0ALpaA HNO, Catalytie, oxidati,alhlanahtou) abaxhtou tau
MLa_axdatiasa aluioucoid jo wilhoqua dida ashich zuajuisas uAsAAOL
k Hiadkau n exO Humuc iumatuu
afng auly RQLLinod iu tally iud Hu uatou uuotne
2/0w kmplakuu in wMN iu Ho oxiolokou chombn
faulda ti eauLoxidlokiau oyinic oxidi ta NO2-
plaA at uigkn hmpatuu.
C atid hasia kautt
T quantn id pAakid in lauu
ltu dAuUA HAO_moumOu al 00AuA NO entuiuo Jiam alaus
akoliuitiatu butthr waluahtau a uithsqm diouinte iu Rat.uLhtu
RadhiousA
C 14 HNo CO t H 0 tH NO
t6HN0,2 HoSO tH20 6NO.
Cu tHNO CuCNO)
oy ouse
t4Hh0 t2NO
nOu muD t HN02 OLoduAL t n m t No
_/L/
Sulpluia acid.
Cotaet Pxocoss
DChambax CaaLALAiG
S+O2 2 SO2
4FeS+ 1022 2fe203+890
Catntt laus
2902 t O2 o0 2303
+A
u)Alodnbtio tAustH
S02 t H2S04 HS201
Diuukou Tamk
HaS0tH0 H23O
Comdutou DTanpmaka
:4S0-500 C
aiua RaaAOS + Qhiau
iuaihSntmu obAonit.akam.
hA Sulplum isbiwt u aii IE bunma
untaa plale blut jlammeL
OmiuSO, aud hatus o QOg
IWeo 00t euouoLs MABDN in uakiuq Hho uun0a.ckue_uuDo9 copou
Lain
Twpuhe oluhuunN inHA punulatau uut, VoaAoM aMAL Dmethad alxmove
aunh A puAMt-dust paskoluen puxih dusE LOXAauious oxlala
Haiplu te and uatxumOLuN Hhy tuud ta diaAHudtoisou
tu notasgt auol tauuhy nuduAo ith olnciuoy
t PauHalAaLLmouul in diaku au weunbbiu tauio
OMA OAiOUAOXido jmpunuty iu Hu OnMOJue pLLulion
//
Catalyst_ LuONL 2ad is jk
hL catalush sadia Vaua pnaaunnse) ouuOud uly
duum pLubxida.
pauunatal on Alalimzutl asbuta 0a
CampAnaRUlly olunpUN Qmd M DNly ohtalyat suwAi
OuauAtu paigouuslLon sUMpHalLn
EramatmDd- LolDAALLIA diacuidi.
Wy id Hu Cotaust iuitaly
dwAO HAO
huatA
(talyHia_oudatoun ol Aulolun olioyidlo ou0 thumic
nE producod maiuloi AIDAHOM.
otumpuatuu o 4S0-S00r
Chatuius priuept
may 0ALLA domagn toHu laad pipas aud aridJOALHuA HiLA
SOA uapAMA ibuAt dinudAy_albhoubial iu Jn
AtthAuglAS0a iaadid auhydnid wuLplwnic.anid itu wat dinLAHu_
abkloIN a LDai toqiue H,go T xAA tiou ialhioluluexotuunie uAulkia
A pidudioun oduuaL 1000lpluunie.aAid pantolA uluiclh douAt_
COuOLAo 0Aily.
a bu-valaRNa C+ H2904 NaHSO4 f VaNOg +H2s04 NaHSOq +HNOS
Ke4 H 8O40 kusou tHC K.NOg tH Ro KHSO tHNOg
oto
Vdjo.tu ddlT aAio o l t yoRUA IO
Oxidtzju
OM-mtbls C+H2304 CO2 t9H20+9902
S + 2H 304 3802 + 9H2
dyohaHu CaHi2Og e a 6C +6H20 CusO4 5 H2O oueRESk) CuSOy tSH,O
Lest m HoS04-fo 12 balal *
/
DiuUmciat
He
PbNOa)t HCL Phvt NHg0H
2HNO PD[NOg),t
Pb(NOg2t 2NH4OHNHANO,
gusa uui ppt tladt 2NHaOHaNH4NO 1Phl
t Pblo
|kot datn duaMaluA i.
aclualky uslus pptuslida
HOL
PbNO)2tHll HaSO4
Pbü,v+2HNO3 Ph{NOZ)2 t Hs04Y2HNo,t Pb3a
g a ih_ppB usluca
digcalws.Qa Lluuppt thoat dhuat
baU2 tHC2 MO AAt dis.sau iuHat ualh
ba latH2904 so4
HNO
a C tHNO BalN)2 HaSO
Jalupli dil_ o02tH02BaSo
BoO4 IUalubl iu oilL
Ha904
dul He
Aa NOg t Ho Aq
dil HNO
tH NO2 AqAO3 +
HNOguoxuashou
autieptid huMINL
Molublo iu e NH4OH but iusoluala_
lin dilHN03 colduOaton
HNO4 H2 gO4
Ct4HNOg CO2t2H Ot+4NO, | t H2904 CO +2H0 +So
A JIAt ouXHuds_2Ka07 Tunms
pAp KHuO4 ua piuk
