CIRCULAR MOTION JEE MAINS

CIRCULAR MOTION
SYNOPSIS Note:
 When a body makes ‘N’ revolutions in ‘t’ sec’s
Radius Vector : Consider a particle moving
then its average angular velocity is
along a circular path. The line joining the centre
of circle to position of particle is called radius 2 N

vector t
Angular displacement : The angle turned  If a particle makes ‘n’ rotations per sec its angular
by the radius vector in a given time interval is velocity is   2 n
called angular displacement  2
   2 n
T
arc length
d  d B
Angular velocity of hands of a clock:
radius  Angular velocity of seconds hand
A

SI unit radian 2 2 
 Small angular displacements are vectors    rad S 1
T 60 30
 Large angular displacements are scalar as it does  Angular velocity of minutes hand
not obey commutative law
 The direction of angular displacement is along 2 
  rad S 1
the axis of rotation and it is given by right hand 60  60 1800
screw rule.  Angular velocity of hours hand
 When a particle completes one revolution the 2 
angular displacement is   2 radian   rad S 1
12  3600 21600
 When a particle completes N revolutions in a
 In case of self rotation of earth about its own
circle the angular displacement is   2 N
2
Angular Velocity  : axis   rad / sec
The time rate of angular displacement of particle 24  60  60
is called angular velocity P
 If  is angular displacement in small interval of 
2

A
time t then  O

Average angular velocity av 
t in the above fig. Let the angular velocity of
instantaneous angular velocity is particle (P) above the point ‘O’ is 0 , Let the
   d angular velocity of particle about A is  A then
  Lt   
t 0 t
  dt 0   A
1
SI Unit rad S
A
 Dimensional Formula T 1
Angular velocity is a axial vector.
 B
Its direction is given by right hand screw rule O
Its direction is along axis of rotation
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In the above fig. if two particles A and B are

 Dimensional formula T 2 
moving in same circular path in the same direction,
for a person at the centre of the circle  Its direction is in the direction of change in angular
velocity and it is given by right hand screw rule.
BA  B   A
When angular velocity increases the direction of
Time taken by one particle to complete one angular acceleration is in the direction of angular
rotation with respect to another particle is velocity
2 2 TT  When angular velocity decreases the direction
T   A B
rel B   A TA  TB of angular acceleration is in the opposite direction
of angular velocity.
vB  If a particle rotates with uniform angular velocity
vA then   0
rA
 rB
 If the particle has constant angular acceleration
that is if   constant , in this case we use
following equations of motion
If two particles A and B are moving in concentric
  0  t ,
circles as shown in the fig. , if they are nearer to
each other. 1
  0 t   t 2
rrel  rB  rA , vrel  vB  v A 2
2
v v v 2  0  2
rel  rel  B A
rrel rB  rA Note:In general we can also use the following
Note: In general the relative angular velocity of equations to solve the problems
A with respect to B is determine by using the  
formula av  ,  av 
t t
relative velocity of A w.r .t B
 vAB  perpendiculartoline AB d d d 2 d
 AB     ,   2 
rAB Seperation between A & B dt dt dt d

Angular acceleration (  )  d   dt ,  d   dt

The time rate of change of angular velocity of a
particle is called angular acceleration  d    d
If  be the change in angular velocity of the

particle in time interval ‘t’ to t  t , while moving
Relation between linear and angular
on a circular path, then variables
 Relation between linear and angular displacement

Average angular acceleration  av  is ds  rd
t  Relation between linear and angular velocities is
Instantaneous angular acceleration   
v  r , v   r
 d   Relation between tangential and angular
 inst  Lt 
t 0 t dt   
acceleration is at  r , at    r
d d 2 d  Linear acceleration of a particle moving in a circle
Note:    2 
  
dt dt d
we know v    r
 S.I. units rad.sec 2 diff. w.r.t time, we get
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   Uniform circular motion:

d v d    d r
 r   In the above case if ac  0 , at  0 , then the
dt dt dt
     particle under go uniform circular motion

a   r  v    or
   When a particle moves in a circular path with
but   r  at , it is tangential acceleration constant speed then it is said be in uniform circular
   motion. in this case the acceleration of the
  v  ac , it is centripetal acceleration
particle is a  v ( )  v 2 / r  r 2 ,
 Due to change in direction of velocity there is an
acceleration and is always directed towards the In uniform circular motion
centre. This is called centripetal or radical (a) magnitude of velocity does not change
acceleration and the corresponding force acting (b) direction of velocity changes
towards the centre is called centripetal force (c) velocity changes
(d) angular velocity is constant
v2   
ac   r 2  v ( ac    v ) (e) centripetal acceleration changes (only in
r direction)
mv 2 (f) linear momentum changes
Fc   mr 2  mv (g) angular momentum w.r.t to center does not
r
change
Due to change in magnitude of velocity (speed)
Centripetal force (FC ):
of a particle in circular motion, it has tangential
It is the force required to keep the body in
acceleration and the corresponding force is called
uniform circular motion. This force changes the
tangential force
direction of linear velocity but not its magnitude
dv   
at  also at  r ( at    r ) mv 2 4 2 mr
dt Fc   mr 2  mv   4 2 n 2 mr
r T2
dv Direction of centripetal force is always
Ft  mat  m  mr
dt perpendicular to the direction of linear velocity.
Net linear acceleration of particle in circular The work done by centripetal force is alwayszero,
as it is perpendicular to velocity and hence
instantaneous displacement
Ex 1: When an electron moves round the nucleus
motion is a  ac2  at2
in a circular orbit, the electrostatic force between
the electron and nucleus is the centripetal force.
at Ex 2: If an electron of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘e’
a moves around the nucleus of atomic number ‘Z’
Oa p
c in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’, centripetal force
mv 2 1 Ze 2
on it is 
If  is the angle made by ‘a’ with ac then r 4 0 r 2
at Ex 3: When a planet of mass ‘m’ moves around
Tan 
ac the sun in a circular orbit of radius r, centripetal

2 2
mv 2 GMm
Net force F  Fc  Ft force on it  2
r r
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Ex 4: Work done by centripetal force is zero  Magnitude of centrifugal force is equal to that of
Ex 5: When a stone is whirled round in horizontal centripetal force
circle by attaching it at the end of a string, tension  Every person on the earth is moving in a circular
in the string provides the centripetal force. path along with the spinning earth.
Ex 6: If a stone of mass m attached at the end of  So, every person experiences a centrifugal force.
a string is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius  Due to centrifugal force the earth is bulged at
the equator and flattend at the poles
'  ' , tension in the string is equal to centripetal
 Watt’s governer is used to control the flow of
mv 2 steam in the steam engine. It works on the
force T 
 principal of centrifugal force
Non Uniform Circular motion: i)Cream can be separated from milk using
centrifuge. Clothes can be dried by the centrifuge.
In a circular motion if ac  0 , at  0 then the
Turning of cyclist on the Road:
particle undergo non uniform circular motion , in
A cyclist provides himself the necessary
this case the acceleration of particle is given by
centripetal force by leaning inward on a horizontal
a  ac2  at2 track, while going round a curve.

If  is the angle made by ‘a’ with ac then

at
Tan 
ac
For a particle in non uniform circular motion, the
resultant force on the particle is F  Fc2  Ft 2
In non uniform circular motion
(a) both magnitude and direction of velocity
changes
(b) angular velocity  changes
(c) linear momentum and angular momentum are
not conserved
Note: In circular motion Let N be the reaction of the ground on cyclist. It
will act along a line-making angle  with the
ac  is towards centre verticle. The verticle component N cos  of
v, at  are along tangential direction normal reaction N will balance the weight of the
cyclist, while the horizontal component N sin 
d ,  ,   are along axis of rotation
will provide the necessary centripetal force tothe
Centrifugal force: cyclist.
 The Pseudo force which acts radially outwards mV 2
on the body moving along a circle is called N sin   and N cos  = mg
2
r
centrifugal force. V
tan  
 Even though centripetal and centrifugal forces are rg
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction,they Therefore, the cyclist should bend through an
2
do not form action – reaction pair. They act on 1  V 
angle   tan  rg  to get the necessary
the same body in two different frames
 An observer can observe centrifugal force when
he is also moving along a circle. centripetal force.

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Cicular turning on roads: mv 2

N sin  
The necessary centripetal force while taking a r
circular turn is being provided to a vehicle by
following three ways From the above equations, we get
1) By friction only
v2
2) By banking of roads only tan   (or) v  rg tan  .
rg
3) By both friction and banking of roads
By friction only:
By friction and banking of roads :
In this case, the direction of frictional force is
In this case the necessary centripetal force is
determined by the velocity of the vehicle ‘ v ’ for
provided by static friction
given banking angle 
If v  0 , then frictional force is outward
If v  gr tan  , then frictional force is inwards

If v  gr tan  , then frictional force is

outwards
mv 2
 s mg If v  gr tan  , then frictional force f  0
r
vmax   s gr
N cos 
For a given radius of curvature and coefficient of
friction, the safe maximum velocity of the vehicle f sin 
N
is given by vmax  srg
By banking of roads only:  f

N sin  f cos 

 mg

case-(i)

N
N cos 
Let  be the angle through which the outer edge 
is raised relative to the inner edge. This angle is f cos 
also called “angle of banking”. The normal
reaction ‘N’ exerted by the road on the vehicle
N sin 

is directed normal to the surface as shown in the f
figure.  mg f sin 
Ncos  balances the weight of vehicle.
Ncos  = mg case-(ii)
Nsin  is directed towards the centre of the
circular path. Which provides the centrepetal To find max. safe speed, we have to consider
force. figure (ii)
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mv
2 Death Well:
N sin   f cos   max .......... 1
r
f
N cos   f sin   mg..........  2  mv 2
N
From (1) and (2) we get r
mg
rg  sin    cos  
vmax 
 cos    sin  
For the body incontact with the vertical wall of
To find minimum speed we use fig (i), and death well not to fall, the condition is
mg  f ms
rg  sin    cos  
vmin  mg   s N
 cos    sin  
But N  mr 2
 When a car moves in a circular path with speed Hence mg   s mr 2
more than certain maximum speed than it
overturns and its inner wheel leaves the ground  A small blcok of mass m attached to a string is
first, the maximum safe velocity for car not made to rotate with an angular velocity  along
a circle of radius ‘r’ on a smooth table surface
gra such that the string passes through a hole in the
overturning is v  where v is speed of middle of the table and a block of mass ‘M’ is
h
suspended at the lower end of the string. the
the car, r radius of circular path, 2a is the distance
necessary condition is
between the centre of wheels of the car and h is
the height of centre of gravity of the car from the m

road level mr 2

 For the coin not to fly off on the turn table, the
condition is
<

Mg

mv 2
2
mr  Mg or  Mg
r
Conical Pendulum:
The bob is given a horizontal push a little through
angular displacement  and arranged such that
teh bob describes a horizontal cirlce with uniform
angular velocity  in such a way that the string
always makes an angle  with the vertical. As
the string traces the surface of the cone, the
arrangement is called a conical pendulum.
Let T be the tension in the string of length l and
r be the radius of circular path. The vertical
mv 2 component of tension T balances the weight of
   s mg
r the bob and horizontal component provides the
necessary centripetal force.
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O
At point P net force is Fnet  T  mg cos 

The net force provides centripetal force
T cos 

.
A

Mg
T

> T sin 
r T  mg cos 

T  mg cos  
mv 2

mv 2
r

r
T cos   Mg  1
Let TL and TH are the tensions in the strings
T sin   Mr 2   2 
when the body is at lowest and highest points
From eq. (1) and (2) , we get
when it is at lowerst point,   0o
r 2 g tan 
tan   i.e.,   mv 2
g r T  mg cos  
r
2
But r  l sin  and   mv 2
T TL  mg cos 0o 
Time period of evolution r

l cos  mv 2
T  2 TL  mg 
g r
 A body of mass ‘m’ is attached to the end of a Tension in the string is maximum when the body
spring of natural length l0 and is wirled in a is at lowest point.
horizontal circle, if extension in spring is x then When it is at highest point  is 1800
m  l0  x   2  kx mv 2
T  mg cos  
Vertical circular motion with constant speed r
Consider a body of mass ‘m’ tied to one end of
a string and whirled in a vertical circle of radius mv 2
TH  mg cos180o 
‘r’ with uniform speed ‘v’ r
Let T be the tension in the string when it makes
mv 2
an angel  with the vertical from the lowest point TH   mg
r
V
Tension in the string is minimum when the body
is at highest point
mg
Note:
TH
Vhor The difference of tensions at the lowest and
Thor
O highest points is
 2
T mV
r  mv 2   mv 2 

P TL  TH    mg     mg 
TL
mg cos 
 r   r 
mg sin 
V1 mg
A TL  TH  2mg
mg

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Vertical Circular Motion with mV1

2

Variable Speed: TL=  Mg (maxmum).

r
At the highest point   1800 .
O The tension in the string is
2
r mV2
TH =  Mg (minimum)
V1 r
A When the string is horizantal,   900 ,
Consider a body of mass ‘m’ tide at one end of
tension in the string at this position is
a string of length ‘r’ and is whirled in a vertical 2
mV horz
circle by fixing the other end at ‘O’. Let V1 the Thor  
velocity of the body at the lowest point. r
 The difference in maximum and minimum tension
V2
in the string is
mg mV12 mV 2
Tmax–Tmin=  mg  2  mg
r r
TH
m
V hor
 V12  V22   2mg
O
Thor r
 m
T mV
2
  4 gr   2mg = 4mg + 2 mg = 6 mg
r r
P
 Ratio of maximum tension to minimum tension in
TL 
mg cos  the string is
mg sin 
V1 mg mV12
A  mg
Tmax r
mg 
Tmin mV22
 Velocity of the body at any point on the verticle  mg
circle r

V  V1  2 gh , but h = r 1 cos  

2 2
V12  rg 2

V22  rg
V2  V12  4 gr 
V  V1  2 gr 1 cos  
2 2

V  V1  2 gr 1 cos  
2  When the particle is at ‘P’ as shown in the fig.
a) Tangential force acting on the particle is
If V2 is the velocity of the body at highest point
(   1800 ) Ft  mg sin  .
Tangential acceleration at  g sin 
V2  V1  2 gr 1  1
2

b) Centribetal force acting on the particle is

V2  V1  4 gr
2 2
 mV 2 
Tension in the string at any point : Fc      T  mg cos  .
Let T be the tension in the string when the string  r 
V2
makes an angle  with verticle. Centripetal acceleration a c 
r
2
c)Net acceleration of the particle at the point ‘P’
mV
T   Mg cos  is a  at2  ac2 .
r
At the lowest point   00 the tension in the string Angle made by net force or net acceleration with
Ft
is centripetal component is  and tan   F
c
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d) The net force acting on the particle at point Critical velocity at any point on the
‘P’ vertical circle:
Consider a point ‘p’ on the vertical circle let the
F = Ft 2  Fc2
string be making an angle  with vertical from
Condition for looping a loop in
lowest point when it is at point p.
vertical circular motion: From le O BP
OB R  h h
cos     1
OP R R
h
1  cos  
R
h  R 1  cos  

mv22
We know that T2   mg
r
The body will complete the vertical circular path
when tension at heighest point is such that
From Law of conservation of energy
mv22 Total energy at point ‘A’ =Total energy at point
T2  0 ,  mg  0
r p

V2 min  gr U A  KE A  U P  KE p
Hence the minimum speed at highest point to just 1 1
O  mv12  mgh  mV2
complete the vertical circle is gr 2 2
From law of conservation of mechanical energy 1 1
m5 gr  mgR 1  cos    mV2
Total energy at lowest point A = total energy at 2 2
highest point B
5gmR 1
U A  KE A  U B  KEB  mgR  mgR cos  mV2
2 2
1 1 5 gmR 1
O  mv12  mg  2r   mv22  mgR  mgR cos   mv2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 mgR 1
mv1  2mgr  mgr V2  gr  3  2 cos    mv2
2 2 2 2
5 v  gR  3  2cos  
 mgr
2
MinimumTension in the string to
V1  5 gr just complete vertical circle:
For the body to continue along circular path the
Let T be the tension in the string when the string
critical velocity at lowest point is 5gr is making an angle  from lowest point

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Condition for leaving the circular

O path without looping:
V
T
  If 2 gr  VL  5 gr . the particle is not able
P

to complete the vertical circle, it goes to certain
mg cos height and leaves the circular path
mg
(90o<  <180o ) while leaving the circular path
mv2 T  0 but V  0
T  mg cos  
r  The angle made by the string with downward
m vertical when the tension in the string becomes
 mg cos   gR  3  2 cos  
R 2 VL
2

 mg cos   3mg  2mg cos  zero is given by cos   

3 3 gr
 3mg cos   3mg  The height at which the tension in the string
 3mg 1  cos   VL  gr
2

becomes zero is given by h 

 In case of non uniform circular motion in a vertical 3g
plane if velocity of the body at the lowest point is  When car moves on a concave bridge
lesser than 5gr , the particle will not complete
the circle in vertical plane, the particle may either N
oscillate about the lowest point or it leaves the 

circle with out looping.

Condition for oscillating about the v

lowest position: mg cos  Concave Bridge
If 0  VL  2 gr , in this case, velocity becomes
zero before tension vanishes, in this case the mg
particle oscillates about its lowest position with
angular amplitude 00   0  900 mv2
Centripetal force = N  mg cos   and
 If velocity of the body at the lowest point r
VL < 2gr , then the maximum height reached mv2
reaction N  mg cos  
r
by the body just before its velocity becomes zero  When car moves on a convex bridge
2
v L N
is given by h = .
2g
 The angle made by the string with the vertical v
mg cos 


when its velocity becomes zero is given by mg
v 2L
cos   1 . mv2
2gr Centripetal force = mg cos   N  and
r
Note: If 0  VL  2 gr then the particle
mv2
oscillates such that 0    900 reaction N  mg cos  
r

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 A ball of mass ‘M’ is suspended vertically by a

 5r 
string of length ‘l’. A bullet of mass ‘m’ is fired a) Minimum height of smooth incline h   
horizontally with a velocity ‘u’ into the ball, sticks  2
to it. For the system to complete the vertical b) ‘h’ is independent of mass of the body
circle, the minimum value of ‘u’ is given by  A small block is freely sliding down from the top
of a smooth convex hemisphere of radius r,
u
 M  m 5 gl placed on a table with its flat face on the table
m then

h

r
0
<

<

L
a) Normal reaction on the block is zero at the
< instant the block leaves the hemisphere.
u m M b) the vertical height from table at which the
block leaves the hemisphere is h=2r/3
 A nail is fixed at a certain distance x vertically c) If the position vector of the block with respect
below the point of suspension of a simple to the centre of curvature makes an angle  with
pendulum of length L. The bob is released when vertical when the block leaves the hemisphere,
the string makes an angle  with vertical. The then cos   2 / 3
bob reaches the lowest position then describes d) velocity of the block at that instant is
a vertical circle whose centre coincides with the
nail. Then 2 gr
V
L  3  2cos   3
X min  e) If the block is given a horizontal velocity ‘u’
5
from the top of the smooth convex hemisphere
then the angle  with vertical at which the block
2 u2
x leaves the hemisphere is cos   
3 3 gr
L 0
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
<

<

Lx
HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR
MOTION

 A body of mass ‘m’ is allowed to slide down 1. A stone of mass m is tied to a string of
from rest, from the top of a smooth incline of length l and rotated in a circle with a
height ‘h’. For the body to loop in loop of radius constant speed v . If the string is released,
‘r’ on arriving at the bottom. the stone files:
1) radially outward
2) radially inward
< 3) tangentially outward
h r mv 2
4) with an accelration
l
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2. When a mass is rotating in a plane about a 8. a train is moving towards north. At one place
fixed point, its angular momentum is directed it turns towards north-east. Here, we
along observe that
1) the radius 1) the radius of curvature of outer rail will be
2) the tangent to the orbit greater than that of the inner rail
3) a line perpendicular to the plane of rotation 2) the radius of curvature of the inner rail will be
4) none of the above greater than that of outer rail
3. A particle is moving along a circular path. 3) the radius of curvature of one of the rails will
the angular velocity, lienar velocity, angular be greater
accelration and centripetal acceleration of 4) the radius of curvature of the outer and inner
the particle at any instant respectively are rails will be the same
    9. If a cyclist doubles his speed whil
 , v ,  and ac . Which of the following
negotiatiang a curve, how does the tendency
relations is not correct ? to overturn vary ?
  
1)   v 2)    1) remain unchanged
    2) doubled
3)   ac 4) v  ac
3) Halved
4. The driver of a car travelling at 72kmh1
4) Quadrupled
suddenly sees a big rock on the road at a 10. The outer rail of the curved railway track is
distance of 20m. what can he do to avoid a raised above the inner one
collision? 1) to provide centripetal force
1) Apply brakes 2) to overcome the frictional force
2) Turn sharply 3) to balance the gravity
3) Follow a zig-zag path 4) for some reason other than those mentioned
4) Shut the engine above
5. A car moving on a horizoantal road may be 11. a particle of mass M is moving in a
thrown out of the road in taking a turn. horizoantal circle of radius R with uniform
1) by the gravitational force
speed V . when it moves from one point to
2) due to the lack of proper centripetal force
a diametrically opposite point, its
3) due to the rooling frictional force between the
tyre and road 1) kinetic energy changes by MV 2 / 4
4) due to the reaction of the ground 2) momentum does not change
6. A car sometimes overturns while taking a 3) momentum changes by 2MV
trun. When it overturns, it is 4) kinetic energy changes by MV 2
1) the inner wheel which leaves the ground first 12. A cyclist bends while taking turn to
2) the outer wheel which leaves the ground first 1) reduce friction
3) bot h the wheels leave the ground 2) generate required centripetal force
simultaneously 3) reduce apparent wiehgt
4) either wheel which leaves the ground first 4) reduce speed
7. A particle is moving in a circle with uniform 13. the normal component of acceleration of a
speed. it has constant: particle in circular motion is due to
1) velocity 1) speed of the particle
2) acceleration 2) change in direction of velcoity
3) kinetic energy 3) change in the magnitude of velocity
4) displacement 4) rate of change of acceleration
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14. The tangential component of acceleration of 19. Which of the following statements is false
a particle in circular motion is due to for a particle moving in a circle with a
1) speed of the particle constant angular speed ?
2) change in the direction of velocity 1) The velocity vector is tangent to the circle
3) change in the magnitude of velcoity 2) The acceleration vector is trangent to the circle
4) rate of change of acceleration 3) The acceleration vector points to the centre
15. A car takes a circular turn with a uniform of the circle
speed V. If the reaction at inner and outer 4) the velocity and acceleration vectors are
wheels be denoted by R1 and R2 , then perpendicular to each other
1) R1  R2 2) R1  R2 20. Which motion does not requrie force to
maintain it?
3) R1  R2 4) R1  R2 or R1  R2 1) Uniform circular motion
16. A car of mass m moves in a horizontal 2) Elliptical motion
circular path of radius r metre. At an instant 3) Uniform straight line motion
its speed is V m / s and is increasint at a rate 4) Projectile motion
of a m / sec2 . then the acceleration of the 21. A cyclist is travelling with velocity v on a
car is banked curved road of radius R . The angle
 through which the cyclist leans inwards
V2 is given by
1) 2) a
r
Rg
2 1) tan  
V 2  V2 v2
3) a2    4) a
 r  r 2) tan   v 2 Rg
17. A particle, moving in a plane, is acted upon
v2 g
by a force of constant magnetitude that is 3) tan  
always perpendicualr to the velcoity of the R
particle. Pick out the correct statement from
the following v2
4) tan  
S1: Acceleration is constant Rg
S2: Kinetic energy is constant
22. A person with a mass of M kg stands in
S3: Velocity is constant
S4: The particle moves in a circular path contact against the wall of a cylindrical durm
1) S4 only 2) S3 and S4 of radius r rotating with an angular velocity
3) S2 and S4  . If the coefficient of friction between the
4) all statements are correct wall and the clothing is  , the minimum
18. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant rotational speed of the cylinder which
magnitude which is always perpendicular to enables the person to remain struck to the
the velocity of the particle, the motion of the wall when the floor is suddenly removed is
particle takes place in a place. It follows
g r
that 1) min  2) min 
1) its velocity is constant r g
2) its acceleration is constant
3) is kinetic energy is constant 2g rg
4) it moves in a straight line 3) min  4) min 
r 
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23. A stone is rotated along a circle in horizontal 28. Consider the following two statements A and
plane by means of a horizontal string at some B and identify the correct choice
height above the ground. If the string is cut, A)When a rigid body is rotating about its own
the stone moves along axis, at a given instant all particles of body
1) Radial straight line possess same angular velocity.
2) Tangential straight line B)When a rigid body is rotating about its own
3) Parabolic path in horizontal plane axis, the linear velocity of a particle is
4) Parabolic path in vectical plane directly proportional to its perpendicular
24. Skidding occurs when the maximum distance from axis
frictional force of a flat road on a car is 1) A is true but B is false
1) less than centripetal force required 2) A is false but B is true
2) more than centripeal force required 3) Both A and B are true
3) equal to centripetal force required 4) Both A and B are false
4) independent of centripetal force 29. Consider the following two statements A and
B and identify the correct choice
25. Consider the follwing two statements A and
A) When a particle is moving along a circle
B and identify the correct choice in the given
with nonuniform speed then its linear
choices
acceleration is along radial direction
A) Centripetal force, centrifugal force are
B) All axial vectors are pseudo vectors
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
1) A is true but B is false
but they are not force of action and force of
2) A is false but B is true
reaction respectively because both act on
3) Both A and B are true
same body.
4) Both A and B are false
B) Centrifugal force is a pseudo force in both
inertial frame of reference and non – inertial
MOTION IN A VERTICAL CIRCLE
frame of reference
1) A is true and B is true 30) A mother car of mass m travels with a
2) A is true and B is false uniform speed v on a convex bridge of
3) A is false and B is true radius r . When the car is at the middle point
4) A is false and B is false of the bridge, then the force extended by the
26. A particle is moving along a circle with car on the bridge is
uniform speed. The physical quantity which mv 2
is constant both in magnitude and direction, 1) mg 2) mg 
r
is
1) Velocity mv 2 mv 2
2)Centripetal acceleration 3) mg  4) mg 
r r
3) Centripetal force 31. A gramophone record is revolving with an
4) Angular velocity angular velocity  . A coin is splaced at a
27. The direction of following vectors is along distance R from the centre of the record.
the line of axis of rotation the static coefficient of friction is  . The
1) angular velocity, angular acceleration only coin will revolve with the record if
2) angular velocity, angular momenturm only
g g
3) angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular 1) R  2) R  only
momentum only 2 2
4) angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular g g
momentum and torque 3) R  4) R 
2 2
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32. A small sphere is attached to a cord and 1) A is true but B is false

rotates in a vertical plane about a point O . 2) A is false but B is true
If the averages speed of the sphere is 3) Both A and B are true
increased, the cord is most likely to break 4) Both A and B are false
at the orientation when the mass is at : 37. A stone tied to a string is rotated in a vertical
circle. The minimum speed with which the
A

l
.
m stone has to be rotated. (E-1998)
1) decreases with increasing mass of the stone
C D
O 2) is independent of the mass of the stone
3) decreases with increasing in length of the string
B 4) is independent of the length of the string
1) bottom point B 2) the point C
3) the point D 4) top point A KEY
33. A car is moving up with uniform speed along CONCEPTUAL
a fly over bridge which is part of a vertical 1) 3 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2
circle. The true statement from the following 6) 1 7) 3 8) 1 9) 4 10) 1
is 11) 3 12) 2 13) 2 14) 3 15) 2
1) Normal reaction on the car gradually 16) 3 17) 3 18) 3 19) 2 20) 3
decreases and becomes minimum at highest 21) 4 22) 1 23) 4 24) 1 25) 2
position of bridge 26) 4 27) 4 28) 3 29) 2 30) 3
2) Normal reaction on the car gradually increases 31) 4 32) 1 33) 2 34) 1 35) 1
and becomes maximum at highest position 36) 2 37) 2
3) Normal reaction on car does not change
4) Normal reaction on the car gradually LEVEL - I
decreases and becomes zero at highest position
34. A bottle of soda water is rotated in a vertical HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR MOTION
circle with the neck held in hand. The air
1. A fly wheel is rotating about its own axis at
bubbles are collected.
an angular velocity 11 rad s–1, its angular
1) near the neck 2) near the bottom
velocity in revolution per minute is
3) at the middle 4) at the centre of bottle
35. A vehicle is moving with uniform speed along 1) 105 2) 210
horizontal, concave and convex surface 3) 315 4) 420
roads. The surface on which, the normal 2. A circular disc is rotating about its own axis
reaction on the vehicle is maximum is at the rate of 200 revolutions per minute.
1) Concave 2) Convex Two particles P,Q of disc are at distances
3) Horizontal 4) Same at all surfaces 5cm, 10cm from axis of rotation. The ratio
36. Consider the following two statements A and of angular velocities of P and Q is
B and identify the correct choice 1) 1:2 2) 1:13
A) When a body is rotated along a vertical 3) 2:1 4) 4:1
circle with uniform speed then the sum of 3. A stationary wheel starts rotating about its
its kinetic energy and potential energy is own axis at uniform angular acceleration
constant at all positions 8rad / s 2 . The time taken by it to complete
B) To make a body to move along a verticle 77 rotations is
circle, its critical speed at a point is 1) 5.5 sec 2) 7 sec
independent of mass of body 3) 11 sec 4) 14 sec
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4. A stationary wheel starts rotating about its own 11. A particle is moving at uniform speed
axis at constant angular acceleration. If the 2 ms–1 along a circle of radius 0.5m. The
wheel completes 50 rotations in first 2 seconds, centripetal acceleration of particle is
then the number of rotations made by it in next
1) 1ms2 2) 2ms2
two seconds is
1) 75 2) 100 3) 125 4) 150 3) 4ms2 4) 8ms2
5. A body of mass m is tied to one end of a 12. A particle is moving along a circle of radius
spring and whirled round in a horizontal 1.5 m. If centripetal acceleration of particle
plane with a constant angular velocity and
is 6ms2 then angular velocity of that
elongation in the spring is 1cm. If the
angular velocity is doubled, the elongation particle is
in the spring becomes 5cm. The original 1) 3rads1 2) 2rads1
length of spring is (M-2003 )
1) 13 cm 2) 14 cm 3) 15 cm 4) 16 cm 3) 3rads1 4) 4rads1
6. A point size body is moving along a circle at an 13. A circular plate is rotating about its own axis
angular velocity 2.8rads1 . If centripetal at an angular velocity 100 revolutions per
minute. The linear velocity of a particle P
acceleration of body is 7ms2 then its speed of plate at a distance 4.2 cm from axis of
is rotation is
1) 1.25ms1 2) 2.5ms1 1) 0.22 m/s 2) 0.44 m/s
3) 3.5ms1 4) 7ms1 3) 2.2 m/s 4) 4.4 m/s
7. A particle is moving with uniform speed 0.5 14. A particle P is moving in a circle of radius
m/s along a circle of radius 1m then the ' a ' with a uniform speed v . C is the cnetre
angular velocity of particle is of the circle and AB is a diameter. when
1) 2 rad s–1 2) 1.5 rad s–1 passing through B the angular velocity of P
3) 1 rad s –1
4) 0.5 rad s–1 about A and C are in the ratio
8. A particle is moving with uniform speed along 1) 1 : 1 2) 1 : 23
a circle of radius 20 cm. If angular velocity 3) 2 : 1 4) 1 : 3
of particle is 5 rad s–1 then its speed is 15. What is the value of linear velocity, if
1) 25 ms–1 2) 5 ms–1 
3) 1 ms –1
4) 0.2 ms–1   3iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ and r  5iˆ  6 ˆj  6kˆ
9. A circular disc is rotating about its own axis
1) 6iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ 2) 18iˆ  13 ˆj  2kˆ
at uniform rate completes 30 rotations in one
minute. The angular velocity of disc in rad 3) 4iˆ  13 ˆj  6kˆ 4) 6iˆ  2 ˆj  8kˆ
s–1 is
1) 2 2)  16. When the road is dry and the coefficient of
friction is  . The maximum speed of a car
 
3) 4) in a circular path is 10m / s . If the road
2 4
10. A circular disc is rotating about its own axis at 
becomes wet and  '  . What is the
an angular velocity  . If P is exact mid point of 2
disc between axis and rim of disc then angular maximum speed permitted
velocity of P is
1) 5m / s 2) 10 m / s

1) 2)  3) 2 4) 2 3) 10 2 m / s 4) 5 2 m / s
2
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MOTION IN A VERTICAL CIRCLE 23. A body of mass m is rotated at uniform speed

along vertical circle with help of light string.
17. A small block is freely sliding down from top If T1,T2 are tensions in the string when the
of a smooth inclined plane. The block body is crossing highest point, lowest point
reaches bottom of inclined plane then the of vertical circle respectively then following
block describes vertical circle of radius 0.5 expression is correct.
m along smooth track. The minimum
1) T2  T1  6mg 2) T2  T1  4mg
vertical height of inclined plane should be
1) 1m 2) 1.25 m 3) 3m 4) 2.5 m 3) T2  T1  2mg 4) T2  T1  mg
18. A pilot of mass m can bear a maximim 24. A small bucket containing water is rotated
apparent weight 7 times of mg. The in a vertical circle of radius R by means of
aeroplane is moving in a vertical circle. If a rope. V is velocity of bucket at highest
the velocity of aeroplane is 210 m/s while point then water does not fall down if
diving up from the lowest point of vertical 1) V  gR 2) V  gR / 2
circle, the minimum radius of vertical circle
should be gR
3) V  gR 4) V 
1) 375 m 2) 420 m 3) 750 m 4) 840 m 2
19. The length of a ballistic pendulum is 1 m and
mass of its block is 0.98 kg. A bullet of KEY
mass 20 gram strikes the block along
horizontal direction and gets embeded in the LEVEL - I
block. If block + bullet completes vertical 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 3
circle of radius 1m, the striking velocity of 6) 2 7) 4 8) 3 9) 2 10) 2
bullet is 11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 2 15) 2
1) 280 m/s 2) 350 m/s 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3 19) 2 20) 2
3) 420 m/s 4) 490 m/s 21) 4 22) 3 23) 3 24) 3
20. A simple pendulum is oscillating with an
angular amplitude 60o . If mass of bob is 50
gram, the tension in the string at mean position HINTS
is (g = 10ms–2)
LEVEL - I
1) 0.5 N 2) 1 N 3) 1.5 N 4) 2N
21. A body is moving in a vertical circle such
1.   11 rad s 1  2 n
that the velocities of body at different points
are critical. The ratio of velocities of body 11 11 7 7
n    rps
at angular displacements 60o ,120o from 2 2  22 4
lowest point is 7
  60   105 rpm
1) 5: 2 2) 3: 2 3) 3:1 4) 2 : 1 4
22. A ball of mass 0.6kg attached to a light 2.  P :Q  1:1
inextensible string rotates in a vertical circle
of radius 0.75m such that it has speed of 3. Given i  0 ;   8 rad s2
5ms–1 when the string is horizonatal. Tension   77  2   154 rad
m string when it is horizontal on other side
is (g-10ms–2) [2007M] 2
1) 30N 2) 26N 3) 20N 4) 6N t

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4. i  0 Angular velocity of P about C

t  2s v
C 
  50  2   100 rad a

2 200 A
    50 rad s 2   1: 2
t2 4 C
1 2 1
‘  ’ in 4 sec    t   50 16  iˆ ˆj kˆ
2 2   
v    r  3 4 1
= 400  rad 15.
in the last 2 sec,   400  100  300 rad 5 6 6

 300
 no.of rotations =  = 150  18iˆ  13 ˆj  2kˆ
2 2
5. mr 2  kr v2 2
16. v   
m  l  1  2  k 1 ....(1) v1 

m  l  5   2 2   k  5  ....(2)  /2 1 1
   v2  v1
from (1) and (2) l  15cm  2 2
6. Centripetal acceleration
10
a  v2   5 2m/s
a  v  v  2

1
v 17. mgh  m  5rg 
7. Angular velocity   2
r
8. Speed v  r 5r 2.5
h   1.25m
30 1 2 2
9. 30 rpm = rps = rps
60 2 mv 2
18. T  mg  7mg
1 r
  2     rad s 1
2 mv 2
‘  ’ is same for all the particles of the body  6mg
r
10. ‘  ’ is same for all the particles of the body
v2
v2
r
11. Centripetal acceleration a  6g
r
19. M  0.98kg
a
12. Centripetal acceleration a  r    2
m  0.02kg
r
13. Linear velocity v  r mu   M  m  5rg
14. Angular velocity of P about A
v 1 5 1 9.8  7
A  u   350ms 1
2a 0.02 0.02

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20. Tension 2. A car is moving along a circular track of

mv 2 m radius 10 3 m with a constant speed of
T  mg   mg   2 gl 1  cos   
r l 36 kmph. A plumb bob is suspended from
the roof of the car by a light rigid rod of length
2mg 1m. The angle made by the rod with the
 mg  2mg 1  cos    mg   2mg
2 track is (g = 10ms–2)
1) Zero 2) 30° 3) 45° 4) 60°
 2  50  103  10   1N
3. An electron is revolving around the nucleus
of hydrogen atom. If F is centripetal force
1 on the electron in 2nd orbit then the
3  2 
0
V1 3  2cos60  2   2  2 :1 centripetal force on it in 1st orbit is
 0

21. V2 3  2cos120  1 2 1) F 2) F/4 3) 16F 4) F/16
3  2  
 2 4. A constant power is supplied to a rotating
disc. The relationship between the angular
22. Given v  3rg  5ms 1
velocity   of the disc and number of
mv 2 rotations (n) made by the disc is governed
 tension T   20 N by (E-2005)
r
1 2
mv 2 1)   n 3 2)   n 3
23. T1   mg
r 3
3)   n 2 4)   n 2
mv 2 5. A vehicle is moing with a velocity v on a
T2   mg
r curved road of width b and radius of
Then T2  T1  2mg curvature R . For counteracting the
centrifugal force on the vehicle the
24. At the highest point, V  gR difference in elevation required in between
the outer and inner edges of the road is
LEVEL - II (EAM 83)

HORIZONTAL v 2b rb
1) 2)
CIRCULAR MOTION Rg Rg

1. Two point size bodies of same mass are vb 2 vb

3) 4)
knotted to a horizontal string one at the end, Rg R2 g
and the other at the mid point of it. The string 6. In a simple pendulum, the breaking strength
is rotated in horizontal plane with the other of the string is double the weight of the bob.
end as centre. If T is tension in the string The bob is released from rest when the string
between centre of circles and first body then is horizontal. The string breaks when it
the tension in the string between the two makes an angle  with the vertical
bodies is
1)   cos 1 1/ 3  2)   600
T 2T 3T
1) 2
2) 2T 3) 3
4) 2 3)   cos 1  2 / 3  4)   00

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7. A particle rests on the top of a hemisphere 12. The length of a simple pendulum is 1 m. The
of radius R . Find the smallesh horizontal bob is given a velocity 7 ms-1 in horizontal
velocity that must be imparted to the particle direction from mean position. During
if it is to leave the hemisphere without sliding upward motion of bob, if the string breaks
down it when it is horizontal, then the maximum
vertical height of ascent of bob from rest
1) gR 2) 2gR position is
3) 3gR 4) 5gR 1. 2.5 m 2. 2 m 3. 3 m 4. 3.5 m
13. A simple pendulum is oscillating with an
8. If a particle of mass 'm' is moving in a
angular amplitude 900. If the direction of
horizontal circle of radius 'r' witha
resultant acceleration of the bob is horizontal
centripetal force  1/ r 2  , the total energy is at a point where angle made by the string
(M-1995) with vertical is
1)  1/ 2r  2)  1/ r  1  1 
1  1 
1) sin   2) cos  
3)   2 / r  4)   4 / r   3  3
1  1  1 1 
MOTION IN A VERTICAL CIRCLE 3) sin   4) cos  
 3   3 
9. A point size mass 100 gm is rotated in a 14. A body is a allowed to slide down a
vertical circle using a cord of length 20cm. frictionless track from rest position at its top
When the string makes an angle 60° with under gravity. The track ends in a circular
the vertical , the speed of the mass is loop of diameter D. Then, the minimum
1.5m/s. The tangential accelaration of the height of the inclined track ( in terms of D )
mass in that position is so that it may camplete successfully the loop
is
1) 4.9 ms–2 2) 4.9 2 ms–2
1) 7D/4 2) 9D/4 3) 5D/4 4) 3D/4
3) 4.9 3 ms–2 4) 9.8 ms–2 15. A steel wire can withstand a load up to 2940
10. A vehicle is travelling along concave road N. A load of 150 kg is suspended from a
then along convex road of same radius of rigid support. The maximum angle through
curvatures at uniform speed. If the normal which the wire can be displaced from the
reactions on the vehicle as it crosses the mean position, so that the wire does not
lowest point of concave surface, highest break when the load passes through the
position of equilibrium, is (2008 E)
point of convex surface are 1.5  104 N ,
1) 30° 2) 60° 3) 80° D) 85°
3  103 N respectively, the mass of vehicle 16. A body of mass 2 kg attached at one end of
is(g=10 m/s–2) light string is rotated along a vertical circle
1) 400 kg 2) 450 kg of radius 2 m. If the string can withstand a
3) 800 kg 4) 900kg maximum tension of 140.6 N, the maximum
11. A pilot of mass m can withstand a maximum speed with which the stone can be rotated is
apparent weight 6 times of mg. The minimum 1) 22 m/s 2) 44 m/s 3) 33 m/s 4) 11 m/s
radius of curvature of vertical circle in which 17. A body of mass m is rotating in a vertical
the aeroplane dives up from lowest point with circle of radius 'r' with critical speed. The
a speed 504 kmph is difference in its K.E. at the top and the
1) 200 m 2) 300 m bottom is
3) 400 m 4) 500m 1) 2mgr 2) 4 mgr 3) 6 mgr 4) 3 mgr
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18. A simple pendulum of length 'l' carries a bob d

of mass 'm'. If the breaking strength of the Rotational power  (Rotational KE)
dt
string is 2 mg. The maximum angular
amplitude from the vertical can be d 1 2 
I   constant (K)
1) 0° 2) 30° 3) 60° 4) 90° dt  2 
19. A stone of mass 6 kg is revolved in a vertical
circle of diameter 6m., such that its speed 1 
  d  I  2    kdt
at a point is minimum at that point . If the 2 
K.E at the same point is 250 J , then
1 2
minimum P.E. at that point is  I   kt
2
1) 200J 2) 150J 3) 100J 4) 450J
20. The breaking strength of a string is 55 kg 2 n n
  2  t but   t     2
wt. The maximum permissible speed of a
stone of mass 5 kg which is revolved in a   3  n    n1/3
vertical circle of radius 4m with the help of
this string is (g = 10m/s2) v2
1) 10 m/sec 2) 15 m/sec 5. For Banking of road tan   and
rg
3) 20 m/sec 4)25 m/sec
h
tan  
l
KEY
v2 h v 2l v 2 b
LEVEL - II   h 
rg l rg Rg
1) 3 2) 4 3) 3 4) 1 5) 1
6) 3 7) 1 8) 1 9) 3 10) 4
 As l  b and r  R given 
11) 3 12) 1 13) 4 14) 3 15) 2 6. Let the string breaks when it makes an angle 
16) 4 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1 20) 3 with vertical
mg cos   mvB2  2mg ...1
But vb  2 gr cos ...........2
HINTS
By solving 1 & 2 we get   cos 1  2 / 3 
LEVEL - II 7. The velocity should be such that the centripetal
acceleration at the top of the hemisphere is equal
1. T  mr1 2 ; T2  mr1 2  mr2 2 to the acceleration due to gravity
T2 r1  r2
 v2
T1 r1  g or v  gR
R
V2 mv 2 1 1
2. tan    2  mv 2 
rg 8.
r r r
1 1 2 1
3. F where n is principal quantum number.. Energy  mv 
n4 2 2r
4. Power is constant (given)
9. at  g sin 
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R1  R2 LEVEL - III
10. mg 
2 HORIZONTAL
V 2
CIRCULAR MOTION
11. r where Wmax  nmg
(n  1) g 1. Two bodies A, B of masses m1, m2 are knotted
12. If V is velocity when the string is to a massless string at different points rotated
along concentric circles in horizontal plane.
horizontal  7 2  V 2  2 gL   find V
The distances of A, B from common centre
V2 are 50cm, 1m. If the tensions in the string
H L between centre to A and A to B are in the
2g
ratio 5 : 4, then the ratio of m1 to m2 is
v2 / r 1) 2 : 3 2) 3 : 2
13. tan   3) 1 : 1 4) 1 : 2
g sin 
2. A particle describes a horizontal circle on the
2
but v  2 gh ; h  r cos  smooth inner surface of conical funnel whose
vertex angle is 90°. If the height of the plane
1  1  of the circle above the vertex is 9.8 cm, the
cos      cos 1  
3  3 speed of the particle is
1) 9.8 m / sec 2) 0.98 m/sec
1 1  D  5D
14. m  2 gh   m  5    g   h  3) 19.6 m/sec 4) 14.7 m/sec
2 2  2  4
3. A hollow vertical cylinder of radius R and
15. While crossing the equilibrium position height h has smooth internal surface. A small
mv 2 m particle is placed in contact with the inner
T  mg   mg   2 gl 1  cos    side of the upper rim at a point P. It is given
r l
a horizontal speed v0 tangential to rim. It
 mg  2mg  2mg cos     3  2cos  
leaves the lower rim at point q, vertically
2940 below P. the number of revolutions made
 3  2cos   2
150 9.8 by the particle will be

1 h v0
 2 cos   1  cos      600 1) 2)
2 2 R 2 gh

V 2  2 R v0  2h 
16. Tmax  m   g
 r  3) 4) 2 R  
h  g 
17. K .E  P.E  mgh , but h = 2r 4. A car is negotiating a curve of radius 150m
18. If  is angular amplitude at mean position with a speed of 15ms 1 . The angle through
T  mg (3  2 cos  ) which the pendulum suspended from the top

19. T .E  P.E  K .E 
5
2
mgr 
of the ceiling would deviate is g  10ms
2

1) tan 1  3 / 20  2) tan 1  5 /16 
V 2 
20. FB  m   g
 r  3) tan 1  4 /15  4) tan 1  3 /16 

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5. A particle describes a horizontal circle at the 8. A string of length L is fixed at one end and
mouth of a funnel type vessel as shown in carries a mass M at the other end. The
figure. the surface of the funnel is string makes 2 /  revolutions per second
frictionless. the velocity v of the particle in around the vertical axis through the fixed
terms of r and  will be end as shown in the figure, then tension in
the string is
S

 l
T
r
M
 h
R

1) ML 2) 2ML
1) v  rg / tan  2) v  rg tan 
3) 4ML 4) 16ML
3) v  rg cot  4) v  rg / cot  9. The speed of a particle moving in a circle of
6. A long horizoantal rod has a bead which can radius 0.1m is v  1.0t where t is time in
sldie along its length and initially placed at second. The resultant acceleration of the
a distance L from one end A of the rod. particle at t  5s will be
The rod is set in angular motion about A with 1) 10 m / s 2 2) 100 m / s 2
constant angular acceleration  . If the
coefficient of friction between the rod and 3) 250 m / s 2 4) 500 m / s 2
the bead is  , and gravity is neglected, then
10. The kinetic energy k of a particle moving
the time after which the bead starts slipping
is (IIT-JEE 2000) along a circle of radius R depends on the
distance covered. It is given as KE  as 2
 
1) 2) where a is a constant. The force acting on
  the particle is
1 1/ 2
3) 4) Infinitesimal s2  s2 
 1) 2a 2) 2as 1  2 
R  R 
7. A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a
light spring of force constant k and R2
3) 2as 4) 2a
unstretched length l . the system is rotated s
about the other end of the spring with an 11. The distance between two rails is 1.5m .
angular velocity  , in gravity free space. The centre of gravity of the train at a height
the icnrease in length of the spring will be
of 2m from the ground. The maximum
m 2l m 2l speed of the train on a circular path of radius
1) 2)
k k  m 2 120m can be
1) 10.5 m / s 2) 42 m / s
m 2l
3) 4) None of these 3) 21m / s 4) 84 m / s
k  m 2
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12. Three identical particles are joined together 1  3  1

by a thread as shown in figrue. All the three 3) 2
mg 


32
4)
2

mg 3  2 
particles are moving in a horizontal plane. 16. A block is freely sliding down from a vertical
If the velocity of the outermost particle is height 4 m on smooth inclined plane. The
v0 then the ratio of tension in the three block reaches bottom of inclined plane then

. . . .
sections of the string is

O A B
l
C
it describes vertical circle of radius 1 m along
smooth track. The ratio of normal reactions
on the block while it is crossing lowest point,
highest point of vertical circle is
l l
1) 6 : 1 2) 5 : 1
1) 3:5:7 2) 3:4:5 3) 7:11:6 4) 3:5:6
3) 3 : 1 4) 5 : 2
17. The length of a ballistic pendulum is 1 m and
MOTION ALONG VERTICAL mass of its block is 1.9 kg. A bullet of mass
CIRCLE 0.1 kg strickes the block of ballistic
13. Dry gas of negligible mass is sealed in a test pendulum in horizontal direction with a
tube of mass 50 gm with the help of a stopper velocity 100 ms–1 and got embeded in the
of mass 3.5 gm. The test tube is suspended block. After collision the combined mass
form a fixed point with help of massless (block & bullet) swings away from lowest
string such that the test tube is horizontal point. The tension in the string when it
and distance between point of suspension makes an angle 60° with vertical is
and centre of mass of test tube is 25 cm. ( g = 10 ms–2 )
The test tube is heated to a temperature due 1) 20 N 2) 30 N
to which stopper is ejected out horizontally 3) 40 N 4) 50 N
while test tube completes a vertical circle of 18. A stone attached to a string is rotated in a
radius 25 cm. The minimum velocity with vertical circle such that when it is at the top
which stopper should be ejected out is of the circle its speed is V and there is neither
1) 72 kmph 2) 90 kmph tension nor slacking in the string. The speed
3) 180 kmph 4) 360 kmph of stone when its angular displacement is
14. A nail is fixed at a point P vertically below 120° from the lowest point is
the point of suspension 'O' of a simple 3
pendulum of length 1m. The bob is released 1) V 2) 2V
2
when the string of pendulum makes an angle
300 with horizontal. The bob reaches lowest 3
point then describes vertical circle whose 3) 3V 4) V
2
centre coincides with P. The least distance
19. Mass of the bob of a simple pendulum of
of P from O is
length L is m. If the bob is projected
1) 0.4 m 2) 0.5 m 3) 0.6 4) 0.8 m horizontally from its mean position with
15. A simple pendulum with a bob of mass 'm'
velocity 4gL , then the tension in the string
swings with angular amplitude of 60°. When
its angular displacement 30°, the tension in becomes zero after a vertical displacement
the string would be of
1) L/3 2) 3L/4
mg
1) 3 3mg 2) (3 3  2) 3) 4L/3 4) 5L/3
2
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20. A bob of mass M is suspended by a massless i) vertically upwards ii) horizontally

string of length L . The horizontal velocity iii) vertically downwards
v at position A is just sufficient to make it
0 1  1  0
reach the point B . The angle  at which 1) 0 , cos   ,90
 3 
the speed of the bob is half of that at A ,
satisfies (IIT 2008) 0 1  1  0
2) 90 , cos  ,0
 3

1  1  0 0
3) cos   , 0 ,90
B  3

L 1  1  0 0
 4) cos   ,90 , 0
v/2  3
v
KEY
   LEVEL - III
1)   2)  
1) 4 2) 2 3) 4 4) 1 5) 3
4 4 2
6) 1 7) 2 8) 4 9) 3 10) 2
 3 3 11)3 12)4 13) 3 14) 4 15) 2
3)   4)  
2 4 4 16) 3 17) 3 18) 2 19) 4 20) 4
21. A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled 21) 4 22) 1
in a vertical circle with the other end of the
string at the centre. At a certain instant of HINTS
time, the stone is at its lowest position and LEVEL - III
has a speed u. The magnitude of the change
in its velocity as it reachesa position where
1. Centre to A T1  m1r1 2  m 2r2 2
the string is horizontal is
2
A to B T2  m 2 r2  2
1) u  2 gL 2) 2gL
T2 m 2r2

3) u 2  gL 4) 
2 u 2  gL  T1 m1r1  m 2 r2
2. If  is angle of inclination with vertical
22. A simple pendlum is vibratiang with an
2  900
angular amplitude of 900 as shown in the
adjoining figure. For what value of  is the mv 2 / r v 2
tan    ; v  rg tan 
acceleration directed ? mg rg

1 2 2h
B' O B 3. h gt or t 
2 g
Let n be the number of revolutions made. Then

n  2 R   v0t
C
A v0 v 2h
n t 0
2 R 2 R g
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v2  At t  5sec, v  5m / s 
4. tan  
rg
 a N  ac2  at2
5. For uniform circular motion of a particle
2
mv 2   250   12  aN  250m / s 2 (approx.)
 R cos  .... i 
r 10. In non-uniform circular motion two forces will work
and mg  R sin  ......(ii) on a particle Fc and Ft
divising (i) and (ii)
So the net force FNet  Fc2  Ft 2 ....(i)
v2
 cot   v  rg cot  mv 2 2as 2
rg Centripetal force Fc   ....  ii 
6. Let the bead starts slipping after time t
R R
For critical condition 1 2
Frictional force provides the centripetal force (As kinetic energy mv  as 2 given)
2
m 2 L   R   m  at   mL
1 2 2as 2
Again from : mv  as 2  v 2 
2  2 m
m  t  L   mL  t   as    t 

2a
7. In the given condition elastic force will provides vs
m
the requried centripetal force kx  m 2 r
dv dv ds
kx  m 2  l  x   Tangential acceleration at   . 
dt ds dt
kx  m 2l  m 2 x 
d  2a 
at  s  .v

x k  m 2
  m t 2
ds  m 

m 2t 2a 2a 2a 2as
x  at  v s 
k  m 2 m m m m
8. T sin   M  2 R ..........i and Ft  mat  2as .....(iii)
2
T sin   M  L sin  ..........ii Now substituting values of Fc and Ft in
From i & ii equation(i)
T  M  2 L  M 4 2 n 2 L 2
2  2as 2  2
2
 M 4 2   L  16ML
 Fnet      2as 
   R 
1/ 2
dv  s2 
9. v  1.0t  at   1m / s 2  2as 1  2 
dt
 R 
2
v 2  5 11. Height of centre of gravity from the ground
and ac    250 m / s 2
r 0.1 h  2m , Accelerat ion due to gravity
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g  10 m / s 2 . distance between two rails If V is Velocity at an angle  .

V 2  V  2gl 1 cos   find V
2
2a  1.5m,
Radius of circular path r  120m  given  mV2
then T   mg cos
r
gra 10  120  0.75
vmax   vmax 
h 2 mV 2
18.  mg  V 2  gr
r
 21.2 m / s
If  is angle from highest point
12. Let the angular speed of the thread is 
V2  V 2  2 gr 1  cos  
For particle ' C '  T3  m 2 3l
For particle where   1800  1200  600

' B '  T2  T3  m 2 2l  T2  m 2 5l 19. V  g 3h  r 

For particle Where h is maximum height at which the tension
in the string is zero.
' C ' T1  T2  m 2l  T1  m 2 6l
20. From given condition, v  5 gL
 T3 : T2 : T1  3 : 5 : 6 From energy conversation
13. mu  mV
but V  5 gr
14. If V is velocity at the lowest point B
V  2 gL1  sin  
2
L

but, V 2  5 gr and r = L - x v
where x is minimum distance between 0 and P. A
find x.
2
15. T  mg 3 cos  2 cos  m v / 2 mv 2
   mgL 1  cos  
where   600 ;   300 2 2
16. Let V2 , V1 be the velocities at lowest point, 7
highest point of vertical circle. or cos   
8
V22  2 gh  2 g  4  8 g The rnage of  given in option (4) can only have
2 2
V  V  4 gr  4 g  1  4 g
2 1 a value of  as computed above, so (4) is
correct
V12  4 g
21. Applying law of conservation of mechanical
normal reaction at the lowest point, highest point
energy betyween two points A and B located at
are R2 , R1 lowest position and horizontal position
mV22 mV12 1 1
R2   mg ; R1   mg mu 2  mv 2  mgL
r r 2 2
17. mu  m  M V
 v  u 2  2 gL
find V.

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So, magnitude of change in velocity,

2 1
i.e., 3Mg cos 2   Mg or cos  
3
 
v  u  v 2  u 2  2uv cos900
 1 
  cos 1  
 3
v  v 2  u 2  2 u 2  gL  
when   00 , acceleration will be directed
22. Forces acting on the bob at c are as follows
 MVA2 
B' O B vertically upwards  T  Mg  
 r 

 When   00 , acceleration will be directed

vertically downward   g 
C
A
LEVEL - IV
(a) Mg  Weight of the bob
1. A point mass m starts from rest and slides
(b) T  Tension in string down the surface of a frictionless solid
For the resusltant of these two forces to be along sphere of radius r as shown in fig. Measure
the horizoantal angle from the vertical and potential energy
T cos   Mg .........(i) from the top. Match the following
When the bob moves from B to C,
decrease in potential energy  Mg  OD

1
Increase in kinetic energy  MV 2
2
1
 MV 2  Mg  OD 
2
or V 2  2 g  OD  Column – I Column – II
a) The change in Potential q) K  mgr (1  cos  )
But OD  OC cos 
energy of the mass with
 r cos  angle
V 2  2 gr cos  b) The KE as a function of r) a  g sin 
angle
On account of circular motion at C,
c) The radial and tangential s) mgr (1  cos  )
MV 2 M .2 gr cos  accelerations as a
T  Mg cos   
r r function of angle
2
T  Mg cos   2 Mg cos  d) The angle at which the t)   cos
1
   48.2
o

3
or T  3Mg cos  .(ii) mass files of the sphere
Combining eq. (i) and (ii) 1) a-r;b-t;c-s;d-q 2) a-s;b-q;c-r;d-t
3) a-t;b-s;c-q;d-r 4) a-q;b-r;c-t;d-s
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Assertion & Reason 8. A body is revovling with a constant speed

In each of the following questions, a along a circular path.
statement is given and a corresponding 1) Then its angular velocity is directed along the
statement or reason is given just below it. axis of revolution.
In the statements, mark the correct answer 2) If the direction of velocity is reversed, the
as centripetal force does not change in magnitude
1)I f both Assertion and Reason are true and and direction.
Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
3) If the directio of velocity is reversed, the
2) If both Assertion and Reason are true but
Reason is not the correct explanation of centripetal force does not change in magnitude
Assertion. but its direction changes
3) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. 4) Its velocity changes due to change of direction
4) If both Assertion and Reason are false. 9. A particle is moving along a vertical circular
2. Assertion(A): A particle in non uniform path of radius r. When circular path is just
circular motion has both centripetal completed
acceleration and tangential acceleration. 1) The velocity at highest position is rg
Reason (R):In non uniform circular motion
velocity changes both in direction and 2) The velocity at highest position is zero
magnitude . 3) The velocity at lowest position is 5rg
3. Assertion (A):In uniform circular motion, 4) The tension in string at a lowest position is
tangential acceleration is zero 6mg
Reason (R) : In uniform circular motion, 10. A particle of mass m is executing uniform
velocity is constant circular motion on a path of radius r. If v is
4. Assertion(A) : In uniform circular motion the speed and p the magnitude of its linear
kinetic energy of body is constant momentum, then the radial force acting on
Reason (R) : In uniform circular motion the the particle is
tangential force is zero
5. Assertion (A): A wheel may be rotated with mv 2 pm
1) 2)
uniform angular velocity even though a r r
tangential force is applied on it. vp p2
Reason (R) : Angular acceleration of wheel 3) 4)
r mr
is zero when tangential force and frictional
11. A car of mass M is moving on a horizontal
force produce equal and opposite torques.
circular path of radius r. At an instant its
6. Assertion (A) : If a body moving in a circular
speed is v is increasing at the rate a. Then
path has constant speed,then there is no 1) The acceleration of the car is towards the
force acting on it. centre of the path
Reason (R) : The direction of the velocity 2) The magnitude of frictional force on the car is
vector of a body moving in a circular path is
changing (M-2004) mv 2
more than
7. Assertion (A) : When a body is rotated with r
uniform speed along vertical circle by means 3) The magnitude of frictional force on the car is
of a string, the tension in the string is mv 2
maximum at lowest point while minimum at more than
r
highest point.
4) The frictional coefficient between the ground
Reason (R) : At lowest point the centrifugal
force is in the direction of weight while at a
and the car is not less than .
highest point opposite to weight. g
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  16. Two particles, each of mass m are attached

12. In circular motion if v is velocity vector, a
 to the two ends of a light string of length L
is acceleration vector, r is instantaneous which passes through a hole at the centre of

position vector, and p is momentum vector a smooth table. One particle describes a
 circular path on the table with angular
and  is angular velocity of particle. Then
  velocity 1 , and the other describes a conical

1) v,  and r are mutually perpendicular
pendulum with angular velocity 2 below the
  
2) p, v and  are mutually perpendicular table. If l1 and l2 are the lengths of portions
   
3) r  v  0 and r    0 of the string above and below the table, then
   l1 2
4) r.v  0 and r.  0
1) l  
13. The length of second hand of a watch is 1cm. 2 1

Then
l1 22
1) The linear speed of tip of second hand is 2)  2
l2 1

cm / s 1 1 ml
30
3)  2   2  g
2) The linear speed of the tip of second hand is 1 2

uncertain
1 1 l cos 
3) The change in linear velocity vector in 15 4)  2   2  g
1 2

seconds is 2cm / s 2
30 KEY - LEVEL - IV
4) The change in acceration vector in 15minutes
1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 1 5) 1
2
 2 6) 4 7) 1 8) 1,2 , 4
is cm / s 2
1800 9) 1,3, 4 10) 1,3 , 4
14. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant 11) 3 , 4 12) 1 , 4
magnitude which is always perpendicular to
the velocity of the particle. The motion takes 13) 1, 3, 4 14) 3 , 4
place in a plane. It follows that 15) 2 , 4 16) 2 , 4
1) its velocity is constant
2) its acceleration is constant HINTS
3) its kinetic energy is constant 1. a)  mgr (1  cos  )
4) it moves in a circular path. b) K  mgr (1  cos  )
15. A reference frame attached to earth
c) a  g sin 
1) is an inertial frame by definition
d) Angle at which the mass flies off the sphere
2) cannot be an inertial frame because the earth
A closer scrutiny of the force equation in the radial
is revolving around the sun.
3) is an inertial frame because Newton’s laws mv 2
direciton, mg cos  N  .
are applicable in this frame r
4) cannot be an inertial frame because the earth –O–
is rotating about its own axis.

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