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Note 02

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, access modifiers, methods, encapsulation, the this pointer, dynamic memory allocation, and UML class diagrams. It defines a Car class with attributes like serial number, manufacturer, color, and whether it is electric. It demonstrates creating Car objects, setting attributes, and accessing attributes. It also defines an Employee class to illustrate encapsulation, setters, getters, and the this pointer. Finally, it mentions coding conventions for defining classes in header files and implementing methods in source files.

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16 views14 pages

Note 02

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, access modifiers, methods, encapsulation, the this pointer, dynamic memory allocation, and UML class diagrams. It defines a Car class with attributes like serial number, manufacturer, color, and whether it is electric. It demonstrates creating Car objects, setting attributes, and accessing attributes. It also defines an Employee class to illustrate encapsulation, setters, getters, and the this pointer. Finally, it mentions coding conventions for defining classes in header files and implementing methods in source files.

Uploaded by

Trương Thuận Kiệt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object-oriented programming

CS10003
Lecturer: Do Nguyen Kha
Contents
● Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
● Class and Object
● Access Modifiers
● Method
● Encapsulation
● The this pointer
● Dynamic Memory Allocation
● UML
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
“Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the
concept of objects, which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields
(often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures
(often known as methods).” - Wikipedia
Class and Object
A class is a definition of objects of the same kind. In other words, a class is a
blueprint, template, or prototype that defines and describes the attributes and
behaviors common to all objects of the same kind.

● Fruit: Orange, Apple, Pineapple, Mango, Kiwi…


● Car: Volvo, Toyota, Tesla, Audi, BMW…
● Animal: Elephant, Cat, Dog, Dolphin…
● Shape: Circle, Rectangle, Square…
Define a class
class Car {

public:

int serial;

string manufacturer;

string color;

bool isEV;

};
Create an object
Car car1;
Car car2, aSpecialCar;
car1.serial = 123456;
car1.manufacturer = "Tesla";
car1.isEV = true;
car1.color = "black";
cout << car1.color;
cin >> car1.color;
Access Modifiers
In C++, there are three access specifiers:

● public - members are accessible from outside the class


● private - members cannot be accessed (or viewed) from outside the class
● protected - members cannot be accessed from outside the class, however,
they can be accessed in inherited classes.
Method
Methods are functions that belongs to the class
class MyClass {
public:
void myMethod() {
cout << "Hello World!";
}
};
int main() {
MyClass myObj;
myObj.myMethod();
return 0;
}
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is a way to restrict the direct access to some components of an
object, so users cannot access state values for all of the variables of a particular
object. Encapsulation can be used to hide both data members and data functions
or methods associated with an instantiated class or object.

● Data Hiding
● Access control
● Abstraction
● Maintainability and Flexibility
Encapsulation
class Employee {
private:
int salary;

public:
// Setter
void setSalary(int s) {
this.salary = s;
}
// Getter
int getSalary() {
return this.salary;
}
};
The this pointer
In C++, this is a keyword that refers to the current instance of the class.
Dynamic Memory Allocation
Employee* e1 = new Employee();

e1->setSalary(10000);

cout << e1->getSalary();

delete e1;
UML
The UML (Unified Modeling Language) Class diagram is a graphical notation used
to construct and visualize object oriented systems:

● Classes
● Attributes
● Methods
● and the relationships among objects

https://www.visual-paradigm.com/guide/uml-unified-modeling-language/uml-class-diagram-tutorial/
Coding Convention
● Each class must be defined in a header file (.h): Employee.h
○ Using #define guard to prevent multiple inclusions
#ifndef EMPLOYEE_H_
#define EMPLOYEE_H_
…
#endif // EMPLOYEE_H_
● Class method is implemented in a C++ source code file (.cpp): Employee.cpp

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