RC-L Im20210201e

2202M0JE-HO-L-N_2021.02.
Reciprocating Compressor
L-series Instruction Manual
CAUTION
Before operating, inspecting, or servicing the compressor, read this manual thoroughly to
fully understand the contents.
Keep this instruction manual in a safe, designated place for future reference whenever the
manual is needed.
Specifications of this product and contents of this manual are subject to change without
prior notice due to technical improvements.
Preface
Preface
Thank you for purchasing the L-series reciprocating compressor (hereafter referred to
as "this product") of MAYEKAWA Mfg. Co., Ltd. (hereafter referred to as "MAYEKAWA" or "Company").
Since the initial production and sales launch in 1955 of the first multi-cylinder high speed compressor,
MAYEKAWA has subsequently produced a number of series reciprocating compressor products
including the Type A, B, J, C, SF, W, K, M, HK, and HS products.
The L-series compressors have been in production and on sale since 1994, being improved from the
Type B products.
This instruction manual (hereafter referred to as "this manual") provides safety information, operating
procedures and maintenance procedures for the three models of L-series (4L, 6L, 8L) for the user to be
able to sufficiently understand the correct methods of handling this product, in order to safely and
effectively use this product.
Please be sure to read this manual carefully before installing or using this product.
Also, please keep this manual at a convenient place near this product installation to ensure that it can
be quickly referred to should any unclear issues arise.
Revision History
Title of Instruction Manual Document No. Date of Initial Issue
L-Series Instruction Manual 2202M0JE-HO-L-N_2021.02. February 01, 2021
Rev. No. Issue Date Major Revisions Prepared/Approved by
Issued to meet the requirements set forth in the
- Mar. 01, 1996
Product Liability Law established in July, 1994.
Complete revision and reissue as an electronic
00 Oct. 03, 2014 Furudate / Hirao
manual.
Modified the description of Safety Valve in Section
01 Feb. 12, 2015 Ikehara / Muta
1.4.4 and Section 2.4.7.
Review of contents for Chapter 5 and revision of
02 Feb. 01, 2021 Takita / Kita / Muta
parts list
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

i
Warranty and Disclaimer
Warranty and Disclaimer
Warranty
If malfunctions or damages occur under proper usage and conditions following documents such as
instruction manual or drawings of this product, or, if MAYEKAWA judges that malfunctions or damages
are related to design or manufacture of the product, and if the malfunctions or damages are within the
warranty period, we will repair or replace the product without any charges.
The warranty period is "12 months from factory shipment of this product". However, if any separate
agreement has been concluded, such an agreement will have the priority in principle.
MAYEKAWA is not liable for production or man made disaster compensation due to malfunction or
damage of this product.
Disclaimer of Warranty
Although MAYEKAWA warrants the clauses mentioned above, the following clauses are exempted.
 Malfunction or damage of this product caused by natural disaster, or other accidental forces
(such as fire, thunderbolt, windstorm, intense rainfall, flood, tidal wave, earthquake, land
subsidence, etc.).
 Malfunction or damage caused by misusage described below.
• Malfunctions, damage, or deterioration of this product due to abnormal or improper use
(including improperly storing this product outdoors or under too hot/humid conditions,
unexpected inspections, tests, operations, too frequent liquid flow-back operation*, and
too frequent start-stop cycles, etc.).
• Malfunction or damage caused by devices or equipments not provided by MAYEKAWA
including operation control methods of those devices.
• Malfunction or damage caused by refrigerants, gases, or refrigerant oils, and operating
conditions (design conditions) not approved for this product.
• Malfunction or damage caused by maintenance or inspection not recommended by
MAYEKAWA.
• Malfunction or damage caused by parts that are not genuine.
• Malfunction or damage caused by remodeling the product without approval of
MAYEKAWA.
• Malfunction or damage caused by unexpected misusage
"Liquid flow-back operation" is ･･･

Normally, while the compressor sucks in the refrigerant liquid only after vaporizing it in the
evaporator, it may directly sucks it in because of the faulty adjustment or failure of the
expansion valve. We call this state of compressor operation "liquid flow-back operation".
No compressor can compress a liquid. The compressor may be damaged should the liquid be
sucked in.

ii
Important Information
Intended Use of this Product

This product is a general purpose reciprocating compressor to be used for refrigeration, cold storage,
or air conditioning. Do not use this product for any purposes other than the intended use or outside the
scope of the specification. Refer to Chapter 2, Section 2.3 "Compressor Specifications" of this manual
for the specification of this product.
In addition, it is requested that the maintenance actions described in this manual be taken using safe
and secure procedures.
Precautions for Safe Use of this Product

Although MAYEKAWA has paid a lot of attention to safety measures for this product, all hazards
including potential hazards caused by human errors, or due to environmental conditions cannot be
anticipated.
In using this product, there are many things that are to be strictly followed or prohibited. However, it is
impractical to communicate all of such matters in this manual or using warning labels. As such, in
addition to the precautions provided in this manual, the user is required to consider other safety
measures that are generally required.
The following points are important work safety suggestions for everyone including the manager,
supervisor, and other personnel who may work on this product.
Before using this product, please read this manual carefully to sufficiently understand the details and
securely implement the safety procedures described in this manual.
 The operation, maintenance, and inspection must be performed by a qualified person who has
been provided with the basic technical knowledge on this product and trained on the potential
risks and how to avoid the risks.
 Anyone other than the ones who have been provided with the basic technical knowledge on
this product and trained on the potential risks and how to avoid the risks is not allowed to
approach this product while it is operating or during maintenance.
 Be sure to comply with the applicable laws and regulations of the government and
administrative organizations.
 To prevent accidents, do not use this product for any purpose other than the ones originally
intended or perform operation/maintenance work in a manner not described in this manual.
 Be sure to use only genuine parts for replacement.
 Both the operators and the responsible supervisor are requested to participate together in the
health and safety related activities in their efforts to prevent accidents.
 Whenever it is necessary to close (or open) any valve of the package unit, be sure to use the
lock-out and tag-out procedures to prevent accidental closure (or opening) of the valve during
the work.
"Lock-out" is to prevent people other than the worker from using the item by locking it.
The term "lock-out" refers to the action to shut down (or keep shutting down) the source of (driving)
energy to be supplied to the machine or equipment by locking the relevant device.
"Lock-out" is not complete by only turning off the switch of the power source to cut the energy
supply. It means that a locking device must be used to lock (fix) the switch, valve, or other device in
the shut-off position to prevent further operation by others.
The term "lock-out device" refers to a lock, cover, latch, or other device used to fix the switch, valve,
open/close lever, or others securely in the shut-off position.

iii
"Tag-out" is to prevent improper work of other people by attaching a tag plate that indicates
"work in progress", for example.
"Tag-out" is to place a tag that clearly indicates that it is prohibited to operate the energy cut-off
device while the (driving) energy source is being shut down. Such a marking tag is intended to give
a warning that the energy source cannot be operated, by clearly marking "Operation Prohibited",
"Startup Prohibited", "Do not open", etc., and it is not intended to actually operate the cut off
device.
Be sure to strictly observe the following instructions regarding the maintenance work on the electric
control:
 The work must be performed by a qualified person who has been trained on the electric
control of the particular target system as well as on the potential risks inherent to electric
control and how to avoid the said risks, on top of the generally required knowledge on
electrical work.
 Whenever servicing or inspecting electric machinery, be sure to cut off the motor main power
and control power, implement lock-out and tag-out procedures, and prevent any accidental
application of power during the work.
However, it should be noted that the system may be energized from other sources even if the motor
main power and control power are cut off, if power is supplied externally, i.e., not from the
refrigeration/cold storage unit that uses this product. In such a case, be sure to cut off the power supply
source, implement lock-out and tag-out procedures, and prevent any accidental application of power
during the work.

iv
About this Manual

 This product is subject to continuous development and improvement without prior notice.
Accordingly, the details provided in this manual may partly differ from the actual condition. If
any problem is found during work, please contact one of our sales or service establishments.
For each sight of MAYEKAWA, refer to "Contact Information" in this manual or following URL.
http://www.mayekawa.com/about/network/
 This manual is in English. If any other language is required, it is the customers responsibility
to prepare a manual for safety education and operation instructions.
 MAYEKAWA owns the copyright of this manual. Any part of relevant drawings and technical
documents, including this manual, may not be copied in any possible way, including the use of
electronic media, without written consent of MAYEKAWA.
 The pictures and illustrations in this manual may not accurately represent the actual condition
of the product.
 In case this manual is lost or damaged, please promptly place an order for the copy to one of
our sales or service offices. The use of this product without this manual can be a cause of
possible accidents.
 When you sell this product, be sure to transfer this manual to the next owner.
Structure of this Manual

Chapter/Section Title Description
Preface Describes the outline and usage of this manual.
Warranty and Disclaimer The scope of warranty by the Company is described.
Provides disclaimer of warranty for the issues outside the scope of
warranty.
Important Information Provides important information on the product as well as on this
manual.
1. Safety Safety information for the operator, safety measures used for this
product, and work safety management required in using this product
are described.
2. Compressor Specifications Major components of this product, their functions, specifications, and
and Structure service limits are described.
3. Installation The installation procedures for this product are described.
4. Operation of Compressor Precautions for the use of this product are described.
and System
5. Maintenance and Inspection Inspection points, inspection interval, and disassembly/assembly
procedures for this product are described.
6. Troubleshooting Major problems that may be experienced during the use of this
product are listed together with the corresponding behavior and
actions to take.
7. Related Documents Parts development view, Parts configuration table, and other
materials are provided.
Information on our sales and service offices is provided for the
Contact Information
customer to contact us.

v
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................ i
Revision history..................................................................................................... i
Warranty and Disclaimer ........................................................................................... ii
Warranty .............................................................................................................. ii
Disclaimer of Warranty ......................................................................................... ii
Important Information ............................................................................................... iii
Intended Use of this Product ............................................................................... iii
Precautions for Safe Use of this Product ............................................................. iii
About this Manual ................................................................................................ v
Structure of this Manual ....................................................................................... v
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... vi
Chapter 1 Safety
1.1 Strict Requirements and Prohibitions....................................................... 1-1
1.1.1 Strict Requirements (Do’s).................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.2 Prohibitions (Don’ts) ........................................................................................... 1-3
1.2 Warning Notices in This Manual................................................................ 1-3
1.3 Residual Risks ............................................................................................ 1-4
1.4 Safety Devices ............................................................................................ 1-7
1.4.1 Emergency Stop Button ...................................................................................... 1-7
1.4.2 Circuit Breakers for the Motor and Controller Power Sources
(Use of Lock-out/Tag-out Mechanism) ............................................................... 1-7
1.4.3 Safety Cover (Driving System) ........................................................................... 1-8
1.4.4 Safety Valve ........................................................................................................ 1-8
1.4.5 Automatic Control and Protection Systems for the Compressor ........................ 1-9
1.4.6 No Water Alarm ................................................................................................ 1-11
1.4.7 Oil Heater and Thermal Switch ......................................................................... 1-11

vi
Table of Contents
Chapter 2 Compressor Specifications and Structure

2.1 Overview of L-series Compressors ........................................................... 2-1
2.2 Model Designation of the Compressor ..................................................... 2-1
2.3 Compressor Specifications ....................................................................... 2-2
2.3.1 Standard Specifications ...................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.2 Service Limits and Service Range ...................................................................... 2-3
2.3.3 Outer Dimensions ............................................................................................... 2-4
2.4 Mechanism and Structure of Compressor ................................................ 2-7
2.4.1 Sectional View of the Compressor...................................................................... 2-7
2.4.2 Gas Compression Mechanism............................................................................ 2-8
2.4.3 Unloader Mechanism .......................................................................................... 2-9
2.4.4 Oil Supply Mechanism ...................................................................................... 2-11
2.4.5 Oil Cooler .......................................................................................................... 2-13
2.4.6 Shaft Seal ......................................................................................................... 2-13
2.4.7 Safety Valve ...................................................................................................... 2-13
2.4.8 Shape of the Shaft End ..................................................................................... 2-14
2.4.9 Connection with the Drive Unit ......................................................................... 2-14
Chapter 3 Installation
3.1 Safety Precautions during Installation...................................................... 3-1
3.2 Installation Work ........................................................................................ 3-1
3.2.1 Unpacking ........................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.2 Storage ............................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.3 Transportation ..................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.4 Preparation for Installation .................................................................................. 3-3
3.2.5 Installation ........................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.6 Shaft Alignment between the Compressor and Driving Machine (V-belt) .......... 3-5
3.2.7 Shaft Alignment between the Compressor and Driving Machine (Direct Drive) . 3-7
3.2.8 Initial Charge ....................................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.9 Checkout after Installation ........................................................................................... 3-8
Chapter 4 Operation of Compressor and System

4.1 Lubricating Oil (Refrigerant Oil) ................................................................ 4-1
4.1.1 Precautions for Selecting the Lubricating Oil ...................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Changing the Brand of the Lubricating Oil .......................................................... 4-1
4.1.3 Initial Charging Method ....................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.4 Replenishment of Lubricating Oil ........................................................................ 4-2
4.1.5 Oil Pressure Setting ............................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.6 Management Criteria of the Lubricating Oil ........................................................ 4-3
4.1.7 Lubricating Oil Replacement Timing ................................................................... 4-4
4.2 Initial Operation .......................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.1 Precautions for Initial Operation ......................................................................... 4-5
4.2.2 Initial Operation Method ...................................................................................... 4-6
4.3 Operating Precautions ............................................................................... 4-7

vii
Table of Contents
4.3.1 Start/stop limit ..................................................................................................... 4-7

4.3.2 Liquid Flow-Back Prevention .............................................................................. 4-7
4.4 Action to Take when the Compressor is Stopped for a Long Time ........ 4-7
Chapter 5 Maintenance and Inspection

5.1 Safety Precautions for Maintenance and Inspection ............................... 5-1
5.2 Maintenance and Inspection List .............................................................. 5-3
5.2.1 Daily Management .............................................................................................. 5-3
5.2.2 Regular Inspection .............................................................................................. 5-4
5.2.3 Compressor Overhaul ......................................................................................... 5-5
5.3 Preparation for Overhaul ........................................................................... 5-7
5.3.1 Replacement Parts ............................................................................................. 5-7
5.3.2 Disassembly Tools and Workplace .................................................................... 5-7
5.3.3 Refrigerant Gas Recovery .................................................................................. 5-7
5.3.4 Discharging the Lubricating Oil and Cooling Water ............................................ 5-8
5.3.5 Removal of V-belt or Coupling ............................................................................ 5-8
5.4 Disassembly ............................................................................................... 5-9
5.4.1 Removal of Cooling Water Pipe.......................................................................... 5-9
5.4.2 Removal of Head Cover ..................................................................................... 5-9
5.4.3 Disassembling the Valve Plate and Discharge Valve Assembly ...................... 5-10
5.4.4 Removal of Hand Hole Cover ........................................................................... 5-12
5.4.5 Loosening the Connecting Rod Bolts ............................................................... 5-12
5.4.6 Removal of Cylinder Assembly ......................................................................... 5-13
5.4.7 Removal of Piston and Connecting Rod ........................................................... 5-14
5.4.8 Piston Ring........................................................................................................ 5-15
5.4.9 Unloader Mechanism ........................................................................................ 5-15
5.4.10 Shaft Seal ......................................................................................................... 5-17
5.4.11 Bearing Housing ............................................................................................... 5-18
5.4.12 Main Bushing and Thrust Washer .................................................................... 5-19
5.4.13 Oil Pump ........................................................................................................... 5-20
5.4.14 Crankshaft......................................................................................................... 5-21
5.4.15 Thrust Bearing and Thrust Washer................................................................... 5-22
5.4.16 Oil Filter ............................................................................................................. 5-22
5.4.17 Suction Filter ..................................................................................................... 5-23
5.4.18 Internal Safety Valve ......................................................................................... 5-23
5.4.19 Gas Equalizer Assembly for Crankcase ........................................................... 5-23
5.5 Reassembly .............................................................................................. 5-24
5.5.1 Crankcase ......................................................................................................... 5-25
5.5.2 Thrust Bearing .................................................................................................. 5-25
5.5.3 Crankshaft......................................................................................................... 5-25
5.5.4 Main Bushing .................................................................................................... 5-27
5.5.5 Oil Pump ........................................................................................................... 5-27
5.5.6 Bearing Housing ............................................................................................... 5-28
5.5.7 Shaft Seal ......................................................................................................... 5-29
5.5.8 Cylinder Sleeve ................................................................................................. 5-30
5.5.9 Piston and Piston Ring ..................................................................................... 5-31
5.5.10 Piston and Connecting Rod .............................................................................. 5-31

viii
Table of Contents
5.5.11 Cylinder Sleeve Assembly and Piston Rod Assembly...................................... 5-32

5.5.12 Installing the Piston and Cylinder Assembly in the Crankcase ........................ 5-33
5.5.13 Valve Plate ........................................................................................................ 5-35
5.5.14 Discharge Valve Assembly ............................................................................... 5-36
5.5.15 Unloader Cover ................................................................................................. 5-37
5.5.16 Head Cover ....................................................................................................... 5-37
5.5.17 Hand Hole Cover .............................................................................................. 5-38
5.5.18 Oil Cooler and Piping ........................................................................................ 5-38
5.5.19 Cooling Water Pipe ........................................................................................... 5-39
5.5.20 Airtightness Test and Evacuation ..................................................................... 5-39
5.5.21 Lubricating Oil Filling ........................................................................................ 5-40
5.5.22 Connection with the Drive Unit ......................................................................... 5-40
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
■ The motor does not start ............................................................................................... 6-1
■ Abnormally high pressure ............................................................................................. 6-2
■ Discharge pressure is too low....................................................................................... 6-3
■ The suction pressure is too high ................................................................................... 6-3
■ Suction pressure is too low. .......................................................................................... 6-4
■ Abnormal noise during operation .................................................................................. 6-4
■ Overheating of the crankcase ....................................................................................... 6-5
■ Excessive oil consumption............................................................................................ 6-6
■ No cooling ..................................................................................................................... 6-7
Chapter 7 Related Documents

7.1 Development Views .................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Parts Configuration Table .......................................................................... 7-5
7.3 Configuration of Plate Valves and Associated Parts ............................. 7-11
7.4 List of Tightening Torques for Bolts and Nuts ....................................... 7-12
7.5 Criteria for Replacement of Parts ............................................................ 7-13
7.5.1 Filters and the Like ........................................................................................... 7-13
7.5.2 Crankshaft......................................................................................................... 7-13
7.5.3 Connecting Rod Bearing Halves....................................................................... 7-14
7.5.4 Piston, Piston Pin, and Piston Ring .................................................................. 7-14
7.5.5 Cylinder Sleeve ................................................................................................. 7-16
7.5.6 Discharge Valve Assembly and Suction Valve Assembly ................................ 7-17
7.5.7 Main Bushing and Thrust Washer .................................................................... 7-18
7.5.8 Oil Pump ........................................................................................................... 7-18
7.5.9 Thrust Bearing .................................................................................................. 7-18
7.5.10 Shaft Seal ......................................................................................................... 7-18
7.5.11 Bolts and Other Hardware ................................................................................ 7-18
7.5.12 Gaskets and O-rings ......................................................................................... 7-19

ix
Table of Contents
7.6 Standard Assembly Clearance ................................................................ 7-20

7.7 Vibration Criteria ...................................................................................... 7-21
7.8 Disassembly Tools ................................................................................... 7-22

x
Chapter 1 Safety
Chapter 1 Safety
1.1 Strict Requirements and Prohibitions
1.1.1 Strict Requirements (Do’s)

 Do’s on Operation
 Each unit must be installed with necessary safety devices and protection systems.
 The safety devices and protection systems must be regularly checked for their normal
operation.
 If any safety device or protection system does not function normally or this product operates in
an abnormal manner, immediately stop the work and contact your supervisor. When the
system is to be restarted, you must observe the decision and instruction of the supervisor.
 If this product has stopped operation due to an unknown cause, immediately contact your
supervisor. Before restarting the system, you must seek the decision and instruction of the
supervisor.
 Depending on the type of refrigerant used, its leakage may generate a bad smell or poisonous
gas.Be sure to sufficiently ventilate the room, especially while the machine is operated.
 Regarding the characteristics of the refrigerant and lubricant, e.g., corrosiveness, degradability,
and toxicity, be sure to obtain the safety data sheet (SDS) of them and follow the instructions
given.
 When this product is not to be used for some period of time, close the suction (side) and
discharge (side) stop valves and shut off the motor power source, heater power, and control
power.
 Do’s on Maintenance
 Prepare work procedures according to the work plan, and be sure to conduct appropriate
hazard prediction activities before actually start working on the system.
 If two or more people are to work together, be sure to mutually check the work details and
procedures before the work. During the work, always keep track of the other workers' actions.
 Before working on any problem encountered during operation, before setting up this product,
before cleaning work, and before conducting maintenance or inspection work, be sure to shut
off the motor power source, control power, and power to other equipment, perform lock-out
and tag-out procedures, and take effective measures to prevent any accidental power-on
during the work.
 Before working on any problem encountered during operation, before setting up this product,
before cleaning work, and before conducting maintenance or inspection work, be sure to
check that the internal pressure of this product and the refrigeration/cold storage unit is at the
atmospheric pressure.
 Depending on the type of refrigerant used, it may generate a bad smell or poisonous gas or
could cause an oxygen deficient atmosphere. Before starting the work, measure the oxygen
content in the work area, as appropriate, and provide sufficient ventilation.The ventilation must
be continued steadily until the work is completed.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.1 Strict Requirements and Prohibitions

1-1
Chapter 1 Safety
 Regarding the characteristics of the refrigerant and lubricating oil, e.g., corrosiveness,
degradability, and toxicity, be sure to obtain the safety data sheet (SDS) of them and follow the
instructions given.
 After work, the tools used must be returned to the predefined location. Be sure not to leave
them inside the package unit.
 Do’s on Lock-out/Tag-out Procedures after Power is Off

 A lock-out/tag-out mechanism must be installed for the main circuit breakers that supply power
to the motor and power to the control system. The lock-out/tag-out after power down is a very
effective means to ensure the safety when two or more workers are working on the system at
the same time, as it can prevent possible injury of workers that may be caused by accidental
power-on of the driving source by one of the workers.
 If there is a risk of danger, especially during cleaning, maintenance/inspection, or
troubleshooting work, be sure to let the workers perform the lock-out/tag-out procedures after
the motor main power and control power has been shut off.
 Because the workers may neglect to perform the lock-out/tag-out procedures or cut-off the
power in the following situations, be sure to instruct them to strictly follow the correct
procedure by clearly identifying the work that require lock-out/tag-out and the reasons why it is
needed.
• As it is a cumbersome task for the workers to cut off the motor main power and control
power and use lock-out/tag-out devices before starting the work, they might neglect to do
it.
• The workers might determine by themselves that it should be OK just to cut off the motor
main power and control power, and not to use any lock-out/tag-out devices.
 Do’s on Personal Protective Gear

 The work must be performed by preparing or using the personal protective gear that conforms
to the applicable legal requirements and safety standards.
 Before use, each personal protective gear must be checked for proper functioning.
 Wear designated regular working wear or uniform and securely fasten the cuff buttons.
 Do not wear a tie or other accessories that may get caught by a moving or rotating part.
Wear a helmet as your hair may also get caught.
 Do not put things in your pocket for not to drop them into the compressor package unit.
 Do’s in Handling of Hazardous and Toxic Substances

 For each of the hazardous and toxic substances, obtain the safety data sheet (SDS) from the
manufacturer.
Carefully check the details of the safety data sheet (SDS), handle the material according to the
recommended handling procedures provided by the manufacturer, and keep the SDS in
storage.
 Do’s on the Response to Emergency Situations

 Develop an emergency action plan according to the applicable legal requirements and post it
at a safe place.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.1 Strict Requirements and Prohibitions

1-2
Chapter 1 Safety
 Do’s on the Disposal of Waste Oil, Waste Liquid, Scraps, etc.

 Disposal of the refrigerant, oil, and other materials used in this product is restricted in various
ways in terms of environmental protection. Be sure to dispose them at the designated site
using specified procedures by observing the rules set forth by the applicable laws, regulations,
and any voluntary regulations of the customer.
 Other Do’s
 The entire floor around the refrigeration/cold storage unit must always be kept clean, and
safety passages must be provided.
 During work, walk only on the above mentioned safety passages. Note that the safety
passages must always be kept free from hindrances such as tools, cleaning liquid, etc.
 When water or oil is spilled onto this product or on the floor, immediately wipe it off for not to
cause someone to slip and be injured.
1.1.2 Prohibitions (Don’ts)

 Never remove or reposition any safety device based on your own judgment, including any
modification of electrical interfaces.
 Never disable the function of safety devices by short-circuit connections or bypassing the
circuits without prior permission.
 Never leave this product in an unsafe condition by removing a safety cover, etc.
 Do not touch, clean, or lubricate any moving part of this product.
 While power is turned on, never touch any energized part such as a relay terminal or terminal
block by bare hand.
1.2 Warning Notices in This Manual

The warning notices given in this manual inform the user of any dangerous situation that may be
expected during the work using the four categories as listed in the following table.
Ignorance of these warnings can lead to a significant personal injury, and in some extreme cases, it
could lead to loss of life.
In addition, the main unit or any accessory equipment may be severely damaged. Be sure to observe
the instructions in the warning notice.
Table 1-1 Warning Types and their Meanings
Symbol Meaning
Indicates that there is a high risk of death or severe injury if it is not avoided.
Indicates that there is a potential risk of death or severe injury if it is not
avoided.
Indicates that there is a risk of light or medium injury if it is not avoided.
Indicates that there is a potential risk of physical damage if it is not avoided.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.2 Warning Notices in This Manual

1-3
Chapter 1 Safety
1.3 Residual Risks

The following information is provided assuming that this product will be operated, inspected, and
maintained while it is used in a general refrigeration, cold storage, or air conditioning system. However,
it is impossible for us to foresee all hazardous sources in the particular refrigeration, cold storage, or air
conditioning system that the customer will actually use.
As such, the customer is requested to take proper measures regarding the possible hazardous
sources.
Table 1-2 Hazardous Sources

Actions to take During
Actions to Take
Hazardous Area Predicted Hazard Cleaning, Inspection,
During Operation
or Parts Replacement
A Driving Section  Contact with or  Installation of a  Lock-out/tag-out for
getting caught in a guard, cover, or the motor main power
rotating part other protection and control power
 Falling off of moving gear
part
 Recovery after
interruption of
energy supply
B Head Cover  Getting a burn by  Installation of a  Wearing a personal
touching it when it is guard or other protection gear
hot protection  Perform the work only
 Wearing a personal when the temperature
protection gear is 40 °C or less
C Discharge pipe  Getting a burn by  Installation of a  Wearing a personal
touching it when it is guard or other protection gear
hot protection  Perform the work only
 Wearing a personal when the temperature
protection gear is 40 °C or less
D Unloader solenoid  Electric shock  Installation of a  Lock-out/tag-out for
valve guard or other the control power
protection
 Wearing a personal
protection gear
E Heater  Electric shock  Installation of a  Lock-out/tag-out for
 Burn guard, cover, or the power to the
other protection heater
gear  Wearing a personal
 Wearing a personal protection gear
protection gear  Perform the work only
when the temperature
is 40 °C or less
F Suction (side) stop  Contact with or  Wearing a personal  Wearing a personal
valve inhalation of protection gear protection gear
hazardous material  Sufficient ventilation  Sufficient ventilation
 Low temperature  Installation of a
burn guard or other
protection
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.3 Residual Risks

1-4
Chapter 1 Safety
Table 1-2 Hazardous Sources (continued)

Actions to take During
Actions to Take
Hazardous Area Predicted Hazard Cleaning, Inspection,
During Operation
or Parts Replacement
G Discharge (side)  Contact with or  Wearing a personal  Wearing a personal
stop valve inhalation of protection gear protection gear
 Burn  Installation of a  Perform the work only
guard or other when the temperature
protection is 40 °C or less
H Gas purge valve  Contact with or  Wearing a personal  Wearing a personal
inhalation of protection gear protection gear
I Oil drain  Burn  Do not touch while  Wearing a personal
 Contact with in operation protection gear
hazardous material  Perform the work only
is 40 °C or less
J Noise  Hearing impairment  Wearing a personal
—
due to loud noise protection gear
K Motor  Getting a burn by  Wearing a personal  Lock-out/tag-out for
touching it when it is protection gear the motor main power
hot and control power
 Electric shock  Wearing a personal
protection gear
 Perform the work only
is 40 °C or less

1-5
Chapter 1 Safety
Symbol Hazardous Area

A Driving Section
B Head cover
C Discharge pipe
D Unloader solenoid valve
E Heater
F Suction stop valve
G Discharge stop valve
H Gas purge valve
I Oil drain
Figure 1-1 Hazardous Sources (ex.: 6L)

1-6
Chapter 1 Safety
1.4 Safety Devices

For the safe use and protection of this product, necessary safety devices must be equipped to your
package unit as required by the applicable laws and regulations and according to the following
descriptions.
To keep the safety devices in a normal condition at all times, proper and regular maintenance and
inspection are essential. Accordingly, it must be treated as one of the essential tasks in the
maintenance and inspection activities for the package unit. Be sure to provide the user of this product
with sufficient information regarding the type of safety devices used their locations, functions, and how
to inspect such safety-related devices.
 The safety devices must be checked for normal operation after this product is
powered on and before starting the operation. If any of the safety devices does not
function normally, a corrective action must be taken at once.
1.4.1 Emergency Stop Button

 Overview, functions, and objectives
This button is used for emergency shutdown of this product when an emergency situation arises.
 Installation location
At the local control panel and in the operation control room
 Stopping and recovery methods

The operating procedures for the emergency stop button, i.e., how to stop the operation and
restore the normal operating condition, must be clearly defined and the information provided to the
user of this product.
 Inspection method and inspection interval

The emergency stop button must be tested for normal operation before each commission and at
regular interval. The inspection procedures and the inspection interval for the emergency stop
button must be clearly defined and the information provided to the user of this product.
1.4.2 Circuit Breakers for the Motor and Controller Power Sources
(Use of Lock-out/Tag-out Mechanism)
If there is a risk of danger due to accidental power-on of the drive system during the work being
conducted after the motor main power and control power have been shut off, e.g., during cleaning,
maintenance/inspection, or troubleshooting work, it is necessary to install a lock-out/tag-out
mechanism to the circuit breakers of the motor main power and control power in order to prevent
possible injury of the workers.
 How to implement and restore the lock-out/tag-out function

The methods of implementing and restoring the lock-out/tag-out function must be sufficiently
communicated to the user of this product by clearly describing the said methods by referring to the
relevant specifications provided by OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) or others.

The inspection procedures/interval of the circuit breakers must be clearly defined and the
information provided to the user of this product.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.4 Safety Devices

1-7
Chapter 1 Safety
1.4.3 Safety Cover (Driving Section)

The safety cover is used to prevent the workers from contacting with or getting caught in the driving
section of this product.
No. Name No. Name

1 Safety cover (for direct drive) 2 Safety cover (for belts drive)
Figure-1-2 Example Installation of the Safety Cover for the Drive System (6L)

The inspection procedures and the inspection interval for the safety cover must be clearly defined
and the information provided to the user of this product.
1.4.4 Safety Valve

The safety valves are used to prevent rupture of the compressor when the internal pressure of the
compressor becomes excessively high.
L-series have two types of safety valves depending on customer requirement specifications. They
are a internal built-in type and a external installing type. The current standard is the external
installing type.
The internal built-in type is installed in the compressor discharge side, while the external installing
type is not installed at the time of compressor shipment.
In the case of external installing type safety valve specifications, the safety valve on the discharge
side must be installed between the compressor and the stop (service) valve. It must be functional
even when the service valve is fully closed while the compressor is operated.
 The discharge side of the safety valve must be properly processed according to the
applicable laws and regulations for the refrigerant type.
If ammonia gas is released in the air, it is likely to cause health damage such as
intoxication or bad smell. If the gas is discharged into a closed space such as a
machine room, it can cause a significant accident such as oxygen deficit.
 Setting
The set pressure of the safety valve must be at or below the design pressure of the compressor.
The set pressure of the safety valve must be clearly specified and the information provided to the
user of this product
The safety valve must be tested for normal operation before each commission and at regular
interval. The inspection procedures and the inspection interval for the safety valve must be clearly
specified and the information provided to the user of this product.

1-8
Chapter 1 Safety
1.4.5 Automatic Control and Protection Devices of the Compressor

 Low oil pressure protection device (OP)
When the oil pressure of the compressor (i.e., the oil pressure gauge reading minus the suction
pressure) is reduced due to insufficient amount of the lubricating oil, clogging of the filter,
and/or mixing of refrigerant into the lubricating oil, the motor drive circuit will be automatically
shut down to stop the operation of the compressor.
 Abnormal high pressure protection device (HP)
When the discharge pressure of the compressor becomes extremely high due to misoperation
of the compressor, no water in the condenser, etc., this device will automatically cut off the
motor circuit to stop the operation of the compressor.
 Compressor capacity control: Low pressure control device (LP)
For a compressor, the number of cylinders determines the number of capacity control stages.
In principle, the capacity is controlled for each bank consisting of two cylinders. Thus, if the
compressor has 8 cylinders, the capacity control can be made at 4 stages. Similarly, 6 (4)
cylinder compressors can have 3 (2) stages for capacity control.
There are two methods of capacity control, i.e., one is to automatically control the capacity by
detecting the suction pressure and the other is to manually control the capacity.
The automatic capacity control uses the signal detected by the low pressure control switch to
open or close the solenoid valve in the hydraulic path. This will operate the unloader piston,
which is the mechanism to control the capacity of the compressor. For the operation sequence,
refer to Chapter 2, Section 2.1.4.2 "Layout and Operation Sequence of the Unloader " in this
manual.
 Connecting point
Figure 1-3 Pressure Detection Point

1-9
Chapter 1 Safety
 Setting
The setting of low oil pressure protection (OP), abnormal high pressure protection (HP) and low
pressure control (LP) must be clearly specified by referring to the following table and the
information provided to the user of this product.
Table 1-3 Example Settings

Device Operate (ON) Release (OFF) Timer Recovery
Low oil pressure protection Low pressure Low pressure 30 sec. Automatic
device (OP) +0.15 MPa + 0.17 MPa recovery
Abnormal high pressure 2.0 MPa or less* ― None Manual
protection device (HP) recovery
Low pressure control device Depends on the refrigerant used and the system. Automatic
(LP) recovery
 Set the operating point for the abnormal high pressure protection device (HP) at a pressure
lower than the safety valve starting pressure. It is recommended that it is set to a value any
abnormality can be quickly detected, considering the refrigerant used and the system
characteristics.
In addition, if the pressure is electrically measured and a control circuit (e.g., programmable logic
controller) is used to generate the alarm, it is recommended to generate a pre-alarm when the
pressure gets near the abnormal level.

Each compressor protection device must be checked for the settings and tested for normal
operation before starting or operating the compressor and must be periodically re-tested after that.
The inspection procedures and the inspection interval for each compressor protection device must
be clearly specified and the information provided to the user of this product.
 For the operational test, use a pressurization tester or other device to confirm that the
alarm and/or switch are normally operated. Never operate the compressor in a
dangerous condition, such as when the valves are fully closed.
 If the low oil pressure protection device (OP) or high pressure protection device (HP)
is operated, the cause of the operation must be removed before recovery to the
normal operation.

1-10
Chapter 1 Safety
1.4.6 No Water Alarm

This alarm is used to prevent possible overheating of the head cover and/or lubricating oil due to
the inoperability of the water-cooling head cover and/or water-cooling oil cooler.
Cooling water system
 Setting
The no water alarm setting must be clearly specified and the information provided to the user of this
product.

The no water alarm must be tested before commissioning and must also be periodically re-tested
after that. The inspection procedures and the inspection interval for the no water alarm must be
clearly specified and the information provided to the user of this product.
1.4.7 Oil Heater and Thermal Switch
 If the oil heater and the thermal switch is not dipped in oil when it is powered, the
heater can be easily overheated and broken (heating with no oil). Always carefully
check the oil level before applying power to the heater.

The oil heater is a cartridge-type sheath heater. It is a pressure-resistant sealed type heater, with
the heating wire covered by insulators and the outside of the unit is sealed by a stainless tube, and
is designed to maximize the heat dissipation area.
The oil heater is used to prevent excessive mixing of the refrigerant into the oil as well as to prevent
possible condensation of the refrigerant in the crank case while the compressor is not operated. As
such, it is used only while the system is not operated (not used during operation).
The thermal switch used to control the temperature of the heater is mounted inside the heater. The
temperature setting dial can be checked by opening the heater cover.
 Setting
The thermal switch setting must be clearly specified and the information provided to the user of this
product.

The thermal switch must be tested before commissioning and must also be re-tested after that.
The inspection procedures and the inspection interval for the thermal switch must be clearly
specified and the information provided to the user of this product.

1-11
2.1 Overview of L-series Compressors

The L-series reciprocating compressors have the reciprocating piston mechanism and
are designed to be compatible with various types of refrigerant. This series includes three models (4L,
6L and 8L), based on the number of cylinders.
These models, featured with a compact profile, light weight and high-speed performance, correspond
to the B/WB-series in capacity and can be directly driven by a 4-pole motor or a diesel
engine.
Moreover, this series has less external piping as the capacity control hydraulic piping and lubricant
piping are all incorporated in the compressor, thus achieving a neat appearance and facilitating
maintenance work around the unit.
2.2 Model Designation of the Compressor

The meaning of the type designation stamped on the nameplate of the compressor MODEL column is
as follows.
[1] [2] [3] [4]

N 6 L － HS
[1] Working fluid（refrigerant）
Symbol Meaning
N Ammonia (NH 3 )
F Fluorocarbon refrigerant
[2] Number of cylinder
Symbol Meaning
4 4 cylinders
6 6 cylinders
8 8 cylinders
[3] Series name
Symbol Meaning
L L-series
[4] Option
Symbol Meaning
Non Standard specifications
HS Specification with head springs
Note: HS specification is an optional set for only ammonia refrigerant.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 2.1 Overview of L-series Compressors

2-1
2.3 Compressor Specifications

2.3.1 Standard Specifications
Table 2-1 Standard Specifications of the L-series Compressors
Item 4L 6L 8L
Refrigerant - NH 3 , Freon
Structure - Open reciprocating type
Cylinder bore mm 115
Stroke mm 90
Number of cylinders - 4 6 8
Rotation speed min-1 970 to 1750
970 min-1 m3/h 217.5 326.3 435.0
1170 min-1 m3/h 262.4 393.5 524.7
Displacement
1450 min-1 m3/h 325.2 487.7 650.3
1750 min-1 m3/h 392.4 588.6 784.9
Drive method Direct drive or V-belts drive
4 belts, C-type 6 belts, C-type 8 belts, C-type
V-pulley groove groove groove
P.C.D. 380
Range % 100, 50, 0 100, 66, 33 100, 75, 50, 25
Capacity
Method - Hydraulic pressure-controlled solenoid valve
control
Power source V 100, 110/200, 220
Safety Valve Internal type/External type
Viscosity: ISO-VG 46 or more
Selection -
For details, refer to Section 4.1.1 in this manual.
Lubricating
oil Oil pressure MPa Suction pressure + 0.20 to 0.25 (0.4 Max.)
Filling amount L 24 24 25
Stop valve Suction - 80A 100A 100A

bore Discharge - 65A 80A 100A
Product mass kg 560 710 780
■ Unless otherwise specified, the pressure unit "MPa" represents the gauge pressure in
this manual.
■ Consider the amount of lubricating oil as a mere reference for a single compressor (not
including oil cooler, oil piping, etc.)
■ The product mass includes that of head cover and water-cooled oil cooler, but not that
of V-pulleys.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 2.3 Compressor Specifications

2-2
2.3.2 Service Limits and Service Range
 Service limits
Table 2-2 Service Limits for the Compressor
Item Unit Limit value Remarks

Maximum discharge Varies with the set pressure of the safety
MPa 1.96
pressure valve used.
Maximum suction
MPa 0.59
pressure
Minimum suction
MPa -0.073 (= -550 mmHg)
pressure
Maximum
differential pressure MPa 1.47
at high/low pressure
Maximum oil supply
MPa Ps + 0.4 Ps = Suction pressure
pressure
Minimum oil supply
MPa Ps + 0.15 Ps = Suction pressure
pressure
Maximum discharge 120 (Freon)
°C
gas temperature 140 (NH 3 )
Maximum supply oil
°C 50
temperature
Temperature at oil cooler outlet port
Minimum supply oil
°C 30
temperature
Direct 1500 (Freon)
min-1
Maximum drive 1750 (NH 3 )
speed Belt-
min-1 1500
drive
Minimum speed min-1 970
Maximum belt drive
kW 112
power
Maximum cooling
water outlet °C 50 Head jacket and oil cooler outlet temperature
temperature
Maximum cooling
MPa 0.5
water pressure
Degree of
°C 20 or less Liquid flow-back is not allowed.
superheat: SH
■ Unless otherwise specified, the pressure unit "MPa" represents the gauge pressure in this
manual.
■ Refer to Section 4.3.1 "Start/Stop Limits" in this manual for the limitations (start and stop
limits) to be applied when the running compressor is stopped and restarted.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 2.3 Compressor Specifications

2-3
2.3.3
Outer
Dimensions
Discharge pressure

connecting port Rc 3/8
Suction pressure Discharge 306

Gas purge valve 3/8 connecting port Rc 3/8
Suction valve: 80A Discharge valve: 65A
Suction 302
rk
wo
g
in
bl
m
se
as
2-4
d is
or
f
e
ac )
Sp 00
(4
Space for
disassembling
work
Oil supply Fastening bolt hole φ24

/discharge valve 3/8
Figure 2–1 Outer Dimensions (4L)

Discharge pressure
Gas purge valve 3/8
connecting port

Suction pressure
connecting port
rk
wo
ling
emb
s
as
dis
e for
ac
Sp 0)
(40
2-5
Space for
disassembling
work


Discharge pressure
Gas purge valve 3/8 connecting port

Suction pressure
connecting port
li ng
emb
is ass
or d
2-6
ce f
Spa (400)
r k
wo
Space for
disassembling
work


2.4 Mechanism and Structure of Compressor
2.4.1 Sectional View of the Compressor

Discharge stop valve
Suction stop valve
Piston and cylinder

Head cover
sleeve
Unloader
Mechanism
Connecting rod and

piston pin
Suction
filter Shaft seal
Pressure control valve
Oil pump
Crankshaft
Oil filter
Figure 2-4 Sectional View of the Compressor (ex.: 8L)
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 2.4 Mechanism and Structure of Compressor

2-7
2.4.2 Gas Compression Mechanism

The inside structure of the compressor is such that the gas discharge compartment is separated from
the gas suction compartment in an integrated construction casted crank case.
The crankshaft, i.e., the drive shaft, which is supported by bearings at both ends, forms a crank to
convert the rotating motion to the reciprocating motion. By linking the connecting rod to the crank
(crank-pin), the piston is moved up and down to suck and compress the refrigerant gas. The crank has
oppositely placed two crank pins (separated by 180 degrees in phase), and each pin is assembled with
the connecting rods, the number of which is half the number of cylinders.
One rotation of the crank shaft makes one up/down cycle of the piston to complete the suction and
discharge strokes.
Top dead center Suction Stroke Bottom dead center Compression stroke
Figure 2-5 Movement of the Crank Shaft and Piston
The L-series has three types of cylinder layout: 4L is 2 cylinders × 2 lines layout (crank angle interval of
90 degrees); 6L is 2 cylinders × 3 lines layout (crank angle interval of 60 degrees); and 8L is 2 cylinders
× 4 lines layout (crank angle interval of 22.5 degrees).
Mechanical seals are used for sealing the crank shaft.
 Suction Stroke
a) When the piston goes down, the discharge plate valve is pressed onto the seat surface of the
cylinder lip by the gas pressure after the discharge and the discharge spring force.
b) While the piston continues to go down, a pressure difference is generated between the suction gas
chamber and the cylinder, of which gas pressure pushes up the suction plate valve from the path
through the cylinder lip. As a result, the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator flows into the
cylinder.
c) When the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the gas chamber pressure becomes
approximately equal to the cylinder internal pressure, and the suction plate valve is pushed onto the
seat surface by the suction spring force. This completes the suction stroke and it move to the
compression stroke.
 Compression Stroke
a) As the crank shaft rotation continues, the piston starts to go up. When the gas pressure inside the
cylinder starts to increase, the cylinder internal pressure is applied to the back of the suction plate
valve and the valve is further pressed closely onto the seat surface.
b) As the piston further goes up, the gas pressure inside the cylinder is further increased. When the
pressure exceeds the pressure of the condenser, it pushes up the discharge plate valve to
discharge the gas from the cylinder to complete the compression stroke at the top dead center. By
repeating the above cycle, continuous compression will be made.

2-8
 Suction and Discharge Valves

The L-series compressors have a valve plate for each cylinder.
In the standard specifications, the discharge valve assembly is fixed by the bolts to eliminate the head
spring.
Moreover, a ring valve is used to minimize the top clearance according to the shape of discharge valve
seat and piston top to form a gas damper that can absorb the impact on the back. This design is based
on the experiences with other models which employ the cone-shaped spring to generate different
spring forces.
2.4.3 Unloader Mechanism

 Mechanism
The unloader (capacity control) mechanism is implemented in order to reduce the start-up load of the
compressor and to deal with the variation in the refrigeration load during operation. The unloader
mechanism is operated by hydraulic pressure. By keeping some suction valves open at all times, it
disables the compression process of the selected cylinders. As such, by changing the number of
disabled cylinders, it can change the capacity of the entire compressor.
While the inlet gas is sucked into the cylinder through a path provided in the flange of the sleeve, this
path is opened or closed by the suction plate valve.
The loaded state is shown to the left side of the figure 2-6. When the oil pressure applies to the
unloader piston, the spring (coil-shaped) is pushed and compressed to move the unloader push rod to
the right. The unloader push rod has two square bosses (to work on two cylinders), and they push the
respective cam rings to move them for approximately 15 degrees.
Each cam ring has a slope cut. When one end of the lift pin is in this slope cut, the other end of the lift
pin will not make contact with the suction plate valve, making the plate valve freely movable in the
up/down direction. This is the state when the cylinder is loaded for operation.
The unloaded state is shown to the right side of the figure 2-6. When the back of the unloader piston is
no more pressed by the oil pressure, the unloader push rod moves to the left.
As a result, the lift pin will be placed on the flat part of the cam ring, out of the cut in the cam ring. This
positions the lift pin higher than when it is in the loaded state, and the plate valve is constantly pushed
up (to keep the valve open).
As the plate valve is always open, the gas introduced into the cylinder chamber will not be compressed
when the piston goes up and will escape into the suction chamber without changing the gas pressure.
When loading: When unloading:

upward thrust released forced upward thrust
Figure 2-6 Unloader Mechanism

2-9
 Layout and Operation Sequence of the Unloader
Cylinder number
Sleeve alignment pin
Unloader solenoid valve

Push rod number
Operation sequence during loading

* In reverse order for unloading
Cylinder in compression when loading

4L
0% 50 % 100 %
Standstill or  
in operation - 
6L
0% 33 % 66 % 100 %
  
Standstill -  
- - 
8L
0% 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
   
-   
Standstill
- -  
- - - 
Figure 2-7 Unloader Layouts
Note: The unloader is in loading when the solenoid valve is ON (open), and in unloading when the
solenoid valve is OFF (closed).

2-10
2.4.4 Oil Supply Mechanism

On the L-series models with the standard specifications, both the oil cooler piping and the control
pressure connecting piping are employed. On the suction side, one fine mesh oil filter is equipped. As a
sufficient passage area is ensured, no problem will arise with units at a typical purity level.
The oil pump has the trochoidal gears with the reversible mechanism, thus the oil delivery direction is
fixed regardless of crankshaft rotational directions.
The oil pressure control valve has such a structure that the entire valve is depressed on the seat by the
spring. Thus, the valve regulates oil pressure is automatically in a certain range, and relieves
abnormally high pressure with its safety mechanism.
 Oil Supply Route
Figure 2-8 Oil Supply Route
A sufficient amount of lubricating oil will be retained in the oil receiver in the bottom of the crankcase,
and the lubricating oil will pass through the strainer at the bottom to be sucked by the oil pump attached
to the end of the crankshaft. The resulting pressurized lubricating oil will be supplied to the various parts.
The pump is a reversible trochoidal pump that discharges the oil in the fixed direction regardless of the
rotational direction of the crankshaft.
The lubricating oil discharged from the pump goes through the piping to the oil cooler, then enters the
crankcase through its upper hand hold (on the seal side), flows through the bore on the crankcase, and
then is split into two paths: one is used for lubricating the main bushing, the other is used for lubricating
the thrust bearing and the shaft seal.

2-11
The lubricating oil fed to the main bushing goes through the oil groove on the crankshaft and enter its
oil hole and further flows into the crank pin on the pump side.
The lubricating oil passing through the crankshaft lubricates the crank pin, flows through the hole via
the connecting rod to lubricate and cool the inner wall surface of the cylinder near the piston pin.
The other flow of lubricating oil fed to the thrust bearing is further split into two paths to lubricate the
thrust bearing and the shaft seal, respectively. The lubricating oil that has lubricated and cooled the
shaft seal returns to the oil chamber of the crankcase. The lubricating oil fed to the thrust bearing
passes through the oil groove and enters the oil hole on the crankshaft to the crank pins on the seal
side, thus lubricating the crank pins and the cylinder inner wall, as well as on the pump side.
The lubricating oil that has reached the groove on the bearing housing then passes through a hole on
the crankcase and is supplied to each solenoid valve on the unloader cover.
When the solenoid valve is turned on, the lubricating oil enters the unloader cylinder and pushes the
piston to let it in the loaded status. Once the valve enters in the loaded status, the lubricating oil will not
flow further and keeps it in position with the hydraulic pressure only. When the solenoid valve is turned
off, the supply of lubricating oil is stopped and the hydraulic pressure so far applied to the unloader
piston becomes equal to that in the crankcase, thus the lubricating oil in the cylinder is pushed out by
the spring force, resulting in the unloaded status.
Oil supply pipeline to the main

Pressure control valve bushing and crankshaft
Oil drain
Main bushing
Oil drain
Connected to Oil supply pipeline
Plug to the capacity
the oil cooler
control unit
Plug Pump suction pipeline
Figure 2-9 Oil Supply Route in the Bearing Housing
 Lubricating Oil Amount

The amount of lubricating oil is checked at the oil sight glass. The standard is when the oil level is at the
center of the sight glass. You must supply oil when the oil level becomes too low to be observed.
Datum line
a Table 2-3 Initial Amount of
b Upper limit
Lubricating Oil to be Supplied
Standard
c (liters)
Lower limit
4L 6L 8L
Upper
28 28 28
Figure 2-10 Control Standard for limit
the Amount of Lubricating Oil Standard 25 25 25
Lower
22 22 22
limit

2-12
2.4.5 Oil Cooler

The standard L-series models employ the water-cooled oil cooler of a shell and tubular structure.
Though an oil cooler of another cooling system can be
installed, it is essential to adapt the one having the
specified heat-exchange capacity.
For further information on the proper heat capacity,
contact our sales offices or service centers.
2.4.6 Shaft Seal

Mechanical seals are used for the shaft seals for simple
structure and high reliability.
The sliding surface of the seal is a compound of a special
cast iron and carbon, and an O-ring is used for sealing.
Figure 2-11 Oblique Sectional View
of the Shaft Seal
2.4.7 Safety Valve

In the case of an internal built-in type safety valve specification compressor, the safety valve shown in
Figure 2-12 is installed to contact from inside wall of the discharge side passage to the suction chamber.
Internal built-in type safety valve is activated when the pressure difference between high pressure and
suction pressure reaches 1.77 MPa or more.
In the case of ammonia refrigerant specifications, according to region, there is each specification of the
external safety valve or internal built-in type safety valve.
In the case of external safety valve specifications compressor, installing portion for an internal built-in
type safety valve has been stopped by a plug.
CAUTION
● External safety valve specifications compressor has not
been installed with the safety valve at compressor
shipment. In this case, at the time of building your
compressor package unit, be sure to install a safety valve
between the compressor and the discharge stop (service)
valve.
Figure 2-12 Internal Built-in Figure 2-13 External Installing

type Safety Valve type Safety Valve

2-13
2.4.8 Shape of the Shaft End

The end of the compressor crankshaft is
tapered and has a key groove on it.
Figure 2-14 Dimensions of the Shaft End
2.4.9 Connection with the Drive Unit
Part name Qty Remarks

Key set screw
12 1 M12 x L207
(hex. socket)
11 Spring washer 6 M12
10 Sub ring fixing bolt 6 M12 x L40
9 Fastening nut 8 M18 x 1.5 U-cut
8 Fastening bolt 8 M18 x 1.5
7 Overload washer 8
6 Overload washer 8
5 Element 2 set 27 sheets/set
4 Hub 1
3 Spacer 1
2 Sub ring 1
1 Flywheel 1
Figure 2-15 Sectional View of the Direct Coupling
With the direct driven L-series models, the form flex, double Table 2-4 Dimensions of the
flexible coupling AB50-HN is commonly used as a standard, V-pulley (mm)
and a flywheel is used on the compressor side. Item 4L 6L 8L
With the belt-driven models, the grooved V-pulleys Width 110.5 161.5 212.5
(conforming to JIS C specifications), and the V-belt treads Pitch
(type C) are employed as a standard. 380
diameter
The number of belts used is 4 for the 4L model, 6 for 6L, and Outer
8 for 8L, respectively. 394
diameter
For the details of the standard slack and tension load, refer to
Section 3.2.6 in this manual.

2-14
3.1 Safety Precautions during Installation
 The description in this Chapter 3 "Installation" assumes that the compressor is to be installed in a
generic and commonly used refrigeration, cold storage, or air conditioning system.
If the installation procedures described in this chapter are not directly applicable to the
customer's specific refrigeration, cold storage, or air conditioning system, the customer is
requested to prepare a separate work procedure document by paying sufficient attention to the
safety issues and by referring to the relevant descriptions in this chapter, before actually
performing the installation work. For any unclear issues, please contact our local sales offices or
service centers.
 It may be required that the compressor installation work be done by a qualified technician.
The work must be performed by technicians who have been qualified for the work according
to the applicable laws, regulations, and other regulatory requirements in the country the
compressor has been delivered to.
 Carefully read and sufficiently understand the content of this chapter and other related
materials before actually performing the installation work.
 Any electrical work must be performed by a qualified electrical technician.
 Never get into or put any part of your body into an area immediately below the compressor
being lifted up.
3.2 Installation Work

3.2.1 Unpacking
Check that the compressor is free from any damage or abnormality.
 If there is any abnormality or missing part with the compressor, please contact our local sales
offices or service centers.
 All packing materials that are no more needed after unpacking must be disposed of in a carefully
controlled manner in accordance with the applicable laws, regulations, and any voluntary
regulations of the customer
3.2.2 Storage
If the compressor is to be stored before the installation:
 Keep it indoors, and
 Fill the compressor with Nitrogen gas and seal it (at the gauge pressure of approximately 0.15
MPa).
 Upon packing, the compressor is filled with Nitrogen gas to prevent rust.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 3.1 Safety Precautions during Installation

3-1
3.2.3 Transportation
 Should the compressor being lifted drop, there is a high risk of death or severe injury.
Provide sufficient protection such that no one can enter an area below a compressor
being lifted up.
For the mass of the compressor, refer to Table 2-1 "Standard Specifications of the L-series
Compressors" in this manual Section 2.3.1. For the outer dimensions, refer to Section 2.3.3 "Outer
Dimensions" in this manual Chapter 2.
1. When lifting the compressor, be sure to prepare and use lifting devices and other proper tools
capable of lifting the compressor mass within the specified safety load limit.
2. A sufficient space must be provided to ensure that the lifting work can be safely conducted.
3. Make sure to check the wire ropes before use. Carefully check the wire ropes for any kink, knot, or
broken strand. Never perform the lifting work before it has been confirmed that the wire ropes have
no problems. If any doubt remains, ask a qualified specialist to check the condition.
4. If only the compressor body is to be lifted, use the eye bolts of on the compressor to hook the wire
ropes.
5. If the base structure with motor and the compressor to be lifted, use the eye bolts on the
compressor and the base structure to hook the wire ropes. Never use the eye bolts on the motor.
6. Check that the transportation path is free from any obstacles that can hinder smooth transport,
according to the size of the compressor.
7. Before lifting the compressor (unit), check that the hook is positioned above the center of gravity of
the compressor (unit).
8. Before starting to lift up the compressor (unit), instruct all the workers to be sufficiently away from
the lifting area.
9. Just before starting to lift up, provide the coworkers with a sign (such as a call, hand signal, etc.) of
starting the lifting action. Do not start to lift up unless the sign (such as a call, hand signal, etc.) has
been fully acknowledged.
10. Wind up the wire ropes slowly until shortly before the compressor (unit) leaves from the ground.
11. Wind up the wire ropes again until the compressor (unit) leaves the ground, and check that the
compressor (unit) is not tilted. If it is tilted, return the compressor (unit) to the ground and correct
the tilt. After that, restart the lifting operation.
12. Slowly lift up the compressor (unit). A sudden lifting may cause damage to the wire ropes and/or
other hoisting tools or some part of the compressor (unit).
13. After the hoisting has started, check the condition to see that the wire ropes and other hoisting
tools are in normal condition. Check that the compressor (unit) is not tilted.
14. When moving the compressor in the lifted condition, be sure to use guiding ropes.
15. Evacuate people from the forward path and check the safety in the direction of the movement.
16. Unless it is inevitable, do not bring the compressor (unit) above any safety passage.
17. Do not place the compressor (unit) on a safety passage. The safety passages shall always be kept
unblocked.
18. Before lifting down the compressor (unit), clear the area from any obstacles. Make sure the
compressor (unit) will not be tilted or become unstable.
19. When lowering the compressor (unit), also notify the coworkers around the working area.
20. Be sure to carefully and gradually lower the compressor (unit) so that it is not damaged by impact
on the ground.
21. If the compressor body is to be placed on two or more blocks, properly adjust the height of each
block for the compressor to be stably leveled on the blocks.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 3.2 Installation Work

3-2
3.2.4 Preparation for Installation

 Installation space
Prepare an installation space where the operation, cleaning, maintenance, and inspection work can
be easily performed by referring to the relevant figures in Chapter 2, Section 2.3.3 "Outer
Dimensions" of this manual.
Because the crankshaft must be taken out from the main body during an overhaul work, a sufficient
space must be provided on the bearing head side, for a length corresponding to the full width of the
crankshaft, as measured from the crankcase end. Also on the opposite main bearing side, a space
of more than 60 % of the full crankshaft length shall be provided.
In addition, along the direction of taking out the cylinders, a clearance of at least 500 mm shall be
provided to avoid interference with other components such as pipes.
 Lighting
Provide sufficient lighting to allow easy operation, cleaning, maintenance, and inspection work.
 Ventilation
If natural ventilation is not sufficient, install proper ventilation fans according to the laws and
regulations.
 Cooling water
Ensure that a sufficient amount of cooling water is provided as required by the customer's system.
 Piping
Refer to the relevant figures in Chapter 2, Section 2.2.3 "Outer Dimensions" of this manual.
3.2.5 Installation
 Placement
Make sure that the compressor mounting surface of the target refrigeration, cold storage, or air
conditioning system is sufficiently flat and level. If it is not sufficiently leveled, tightly fastening the
compressor mounting bolts can cause deformation of the compressor and could hinder normal
operation.
 Oil Separator
The gas discharged from the compressor contains oil
mist together with the refrigerant gas. To separate the
oil from the refrigerant gas, install an oil separator.
Use a float valve for the return oil and do not return
oil from the receiver.
 Protection Device
To protect the compressor and prevent accidents,
be sure to install the devices described in Section
1.4.5 "Automatic Control and Protection Systems
for the Compressor" in Chapter 1 of this manual.
Figure 3-1 Oil Separator (example)

3-3
 Piping
The vibration of the compressor will be transmitted to the building via the base structure and the
pipelines. Be careful about the installation of piping supports to prevent possible resonance of the
building.
 Refrigerant piping
Be careful about the following points in connecting the refrigerant pipe line:
 The compressor is one of a few components that have movable parts in the target system.
Such movable parts are vulnerable to dust, dirt, and other foreign matters. Be careful during
the plumbing work not to put scales and other foreign matters inside the compressor.
 Some compressors (mainly the ones to be shipped overseas) are filled with Nitrogen gas to
prevent rust. Therefore, do not open the cover flanges or the suction/discharge stop valves
until it is needed to do so.
 There must be no moisture in the piping system. Any moisture inside can cause troubles after
the operation has started. Be sure to connect pipes in dry condition.
 Improper work on the suction gas piping can cause problems such as no oil return to the
compressor and liquid hammering.
 When connecting a pipe to the compressor, be sure to use the same pipe size as that of the
compressor. If the size of the connecting pipe is smaller than that of the compressor, the flow
of the oil or refrigerant is impeded and can cause problems.
 Every connecting pipe must have a support for not to apply excess stress to the compressor.
Also, if vibration isolators are used for the base, the piping system must use suitable flexible
tubes.
 If generation of dew is expected for the pipe, it must be isolated.
 Cooling water pipe

When using a water-cooled oil cooler and water-cooled head cover, first connect the oil cooler and
then head jacket to the cooling water system.
In the case of automatic operation, use a solenoid valve to prevent water flow when the motor is
stopped. If water flow is maintained while the motor is not operating, the refrigerant in the
refrigerator can condense, and as a result, it can cause increased oil consumption, valve damage,
and/or seizure of cylinders.
 No branching is allowed in the cooling water system from the oil cooler to the head
jacket. Otherwise, the resulting pressure loss (resistance) difference can stop the
flow of cooling water at some points, and it is very dangerous.

3-4
3.2.6 Shaft Alignment between the Compressor and Driving

Machine (V-belt)
 If any V-belt is to be replaced by a new one, replace all the V-belts together as a set,
by procuring a set of V-belts. Also, if new and old belts are mixed together, it can
cause abnormal vibration due to the different levels of wear.
 Even if the nominal dimension is the same, the length may vary to some extent. In
such a case, the force may be applied only on the shortest one, and it can damage the
belt or cause abnormal vibration.
 The V-belts must be kept free from oil or grease. Wipe out any oil or grease if
attached.
 Although the V-belts are tensioned to the specified initial tension at factory shipment of the belt
unit, initial elongation before they are actually used for operation may result in the tension less
than the minimum tension load. Be sure to check the tension load after the installation, and
adjust it to the correct tension load for a new belt before starting the operation.
 Alignment Method and Criteria

Check that the centerline of the compressor shaft and that of the motor shaft are exactly parallel with
each other by using a stretched string from the side of the flywheel to the side of the motor pulley.
If they are misaligned, the high speed rotation accelerates the wear of belts, applies excessive stress
on the bearings, and shortens the service life of the compressor and the motor.
Alignment criteria: L = 1mm max.
Figure 3-2 Alignment Criteria
 Belt Tensioning
Loosen the slide base of the motor to get the pulleys of the compressor and motor closer, and place the
V-belts into their slots in the loosened state. After checking that the V-belts are correctly placed into the
V-grooves, apply tension to the belts by pulling the motor by fastening the bolt.
Deflection = 0.016 × span length (mm) (span length ≒ wheelbase)
1: Tension meter
2: Wheelbase
3: Deflection
4: Span length
Figure 3-3 Deflection

3-5
Table 3-1 Quick Reference for the Deflection (mm)

Wheelbase
V-belt type
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C type Red belt 16.0 17.6 19.2 20.8 22.4 24.0
Table 3-2 Quick Reference for Tension Load (N per belt)

Minimum
V-belt type New belt Re-tensioning
tension load
C type Red belt 75 to 65 65 to 55 45
Note 1: The first re-tensioning shall be made 2 to 3 hours after the operation has started.
Note 2: To check the tensioning of the V- belts, rotate the V-pulley to check the tension load.
Note 3: When the minimum tension load is used, as it varies with the load condition, make
sure that the belts do not act violently during operation.
 When new belts are used for two to three hours for the first time, the initial elongation, initial
friction, and removal of flywheel paint will significantly reduce the tension load of them, to result
in a load less than the minimum tension load. If the use of the V-belts is continued in this
condition, not only the slippage of V-belts can reduce the service life of the belts but also can the
belts act violently, turn over due to one-sided wear, disengage, or cause other problems. Be sure
to re-tension the belts after the commission.
 Insufficient tension will reduce the service life of the belts. If the belts are replaced by new ones,
check the tension again after they have been used for 24 to 48 hours.

3-6
3.2.7 Shaft Alignment between the Compressor and Driving

Machine (Direct Drive)
Table 3-3 Allowable Misalignment
For assembling the direct coupling, refer to Allowable limit
Chapter 2, Section 2.4.9 in this manual.
Offset 6/100 mm
In the case of a direct drive, adjust the shaft
alignment between the compressor and the 3/100 mm
Angularity
driving machine to within the allowable limit (referenced to 100 mm diameter)
given in the table to the right.
In the case of standard coupling AB50-HN, the face-to-face distance of the hub should be 190.5 ± 0.25
mm and tightening torque of the coupling set bolts should be 220 N･m. Be careful not to fasten the
bolts excessively, which may bent the coupling element, causing an abnormal noise during the
operation.
The fastening nut comes with a nylon lock bushing to prevent loosening. Since the loosening
prevention will diminishes through repeated detaching and attaching of the coupling, avoid detaching
and attaching the locking nut over
10 times. For further detaching
and attaching, replace the locking
nut for a new one.
The coupling comes with a
chamfered thick washer and a
thin washer. Mount the washer so
that its chamfered side faces the
coupling element.
Figure 3-4 Coupling Set Bolt
The Figures 3-5 and 3-6 are the images of measurement of the offset and angularity using the hub, dial
gauge and magnet stand. For further details of the alignment work, please contact our local sales
offices or service centers.
Figure 3-5 Measuring the Shaft Offset Figure 3-6 Measuring the Shaft Angularity

3-7
3.2.8 Initial Charge
 Lubricating Oil
Perform initial charge of the lubricating oil by referring to Section 4.1.3 "Initial Charging Method".
Specify the initial charge amount of lubricating oil referring to Section 2.4.4.2 "Lubricating Oil Amount"
in this manual Chapter 2 and depending on the equipment configuration and the operating conditions of
your package unit.
 Refrigerant
Depending on the use refrigerant and equipment configuration of your package unit, specify the work
procedure that considered safety enough, and conduct the refrigerant filling work accordingly.
3.2.9 Checkout after Installation

The customer is requested to develop its own checklist and checkout procedures appropriate to the
customer's own refrigeration, cold storage, or air conditioning system, by using the following summary
descriptions on the inspection items to be checked after installation of the compressor as a reference
material.
 Wiring for the automatic control

 Wiring between the control panel and switches
 Motor startup method (automatic/semi-automatic) and direction of rotation
 Insulation resistance of the motor
 Operational test for protection devices

Conduct the operational test of the protection device by referring to Section 1.4.5 "Automatic
Control and Protection Systems for the Compressor."
 Airtightness test and refrigerant leak test

The customer is requested to conduct the airtightness test and refrigerant leak test for the system.
 Never use oxygen or flammable gas for the airtightness test. Otherwise, there is a
risk of explosion.
 Do not compress air using this product. Otherwise, there is a risk of explosion.
 If carbon dioxide is used for the air tightness test of a compressor that use ammonia
as the refrigerant, it may result in the deposition of ammonium carbonate, and it can
cause a failure.

3-8
4.1 Lubricating Oil (Refrigerant Oil)

The lubricating oil is mainly used for lubricating the moving/sliding members of the compressor,
preventing abnormal wear, and cooling each section. For this, the following properties are required for
the oil:
 An appropriate viscosity is maintained within the operating temperature and pressure ranges.
 The liquidity is maintained even under extreme low temperature conditions (within the operating
temperature range of the refrigerating system).
 It is chemically stable and will not corrode or change the quality of the components used (such
as metals or rubbers).
 The wax component will not be separated even under low temperature conditions.
 Sludge and carbon are not easily generated even under high temperature conditions.
 Water is not contained.
4.1.1 Precautions for Selecting the Lubricating oil

 The type (brand) of the lubricating oil depends on the refrigerant to be used. For details, contact
one of our sales offices or service centers.
 For NH 3 refrigerant, do not use polyol ester (POE) or Poly alpha olefin (PAO).
 Mineral oils as specified in ISO–VG 46-68 are recommended.
As the minimum requirement, the required viscosity shall be ensured for the oils supplied to
sliding members. If any lubricating oil that can absorb a significant amount of refrigerant
(inter-soluble oil) is used, the viscosity under the operating conditions may significantly be
reduced from that specified in the product specification. Select the lubricating oil that can
maintain the viscosity of 20 to 70 mm2/s under normal operating conditions.
 Take into account the circulation of the lubricating oil in the entire system. After lubricating and
cooling the various sections of the compressor, the lubricating oil will mostly return to the oil
receiver of the crank case. However, some part of the lubricating oil will be discharged together
with the refrigerant. While the oil discharged from the compressor will mostly be captured by the
oil separator and returned to the compressor, some part will be sent to the condenser and
evaporator. As such, the lubricating oil is required to maintain a sufficient liquidity and stability in
the various types of components with varying temperature range.
4.1.2 Changing the Brand of the Lubricating oil

 When the brand of the lubricating oil used is changed, mixing of the old and new oils can cause
unexpected problems. Pay sufficient attention when you are to change the lubricating oil.
 If the manufacturers are different, contact both of them to check if there is no problem. Even if
the manufacturer is the same, similar confirmation is required when the brand name of the
lubricating oil is to be changed.
 There is no problem in changing the viscosity grade within the same brand. However, the
viscosity grade after the change must be suitable to the operation.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 4.1 Lubricating Oil (Refrigerant Oil)

4-1
4.1.3 Initial Charging Method

The initial charge and oil supply after an overhaul is made from the initial charge port, in order to fill the
oil cooler, oil filter, and all the oil paths with the lubricating oil.
Figure 4-1 Initial Charge Port for the Lubricating oil
4.1.4 Replenishment of Lubricating oil

The oil level will gradually become lower as the operation is continued. Supply additional oil according
to the following procedures while the oil level can still be checked at the oil sight glass. For the decision
regarding the amount of oil, refer to Chapter 2, Section 2.4.4.2, Figure 2-10 "Control Standard for the
Amount of Lubricating oil" in this manual.
 When adding the lubricating oil, prevent air and moisture from entering the oil.
 The lubricating oil to be replenished must be clean, with no contamination.
 To prevent bubbling inside the crank case, be sure to slowly and gradually supply
the oil.
 The lubricating oil must be stored under sealed conditions until it is used, for not to
absorb moisture in the air.
How to supply oil while in operation (example)

a) Attach the charge hose to the oil supply and discharge valve shown in Figure 4-2, and put the end
of the hose into the can of new oil. Then, slightly
open the valve to purge the air inside the hose
using the gas pressure in the compressor.
b) Gradually close the suction stop valve of the
compressor to the point the suction pressure is
only slightly vacuum (approximately -0.026 MPa).
c) Gradually open the oil supply and discharge valve
to gradually suck the oil.
d) After the required amount of oil has been supplied,
securely close the oil supply and discharge valve.
e) Gradually open the suction stop valve to resume
the steady operation. Fig. 4-2 Oil Supply and Discharge Valve
4.1.5 Oil Pressure Setting

Adjust the oil pressure 0.20 to 0.25 MPa (max.: 0.4 MPa) higher than the suction pressure using the oil
pressure regulating valve. While these default values were adjusted before shipment, be sure to verify
them by yourselves at your commissioning.

4-2
4.1.6 Management Criteria of the Lubricating Oil

Lubricating oils are classified into the following categories and different criteria are applied to each
category.
■ Mineral oil (naphthenic oil) and synthetic oil (alkylbenzene [AB], polyalphaolefine [PAO])
■ Inter-soluble synthetic oils for NH 3 refrigerant: Polyalkylene Glycols (PAG)
• Oil sampling and analysis is recommended every six months.

• If the following management criteria are not satisfied, replace the oil.
* Note that the water content of PAG shall be excluded from the above oil replacement criteria.
Refer to the note *2 in the table below.
The analysis items and the criteria are shown in the following tables.
Note that these criteria may be changed without notice according to actual results.
Table 4-1 Synthetic Oil Compatible with NH 3 Refrigerant: Polyalkylene Glycols (PAG) *1
Item Criteria
Color phase ASTM color scale: 4.0 or less
Total acid value 0.1 mg·KOH/g or less
Kinetic viscosity Within ±15 % in variation when compared with fresh oil
Water content 2000 mass ppm or less *2
Degree of Degree of contamination measured by mass method (millipore value) shall
contamination be 25 mg/100 ml or less.
Table 4-2 Mineral Oil (Naphthenic Oil) and Synthetic Oil

(Alkylbenzene [AB], Polyalphaolefine [PAO])
Item Criteria
Color phase ASTM color scale: 6.0 or less
Total acid value 0.3 mg·KOH/g or less
Kinetic viscosity Within ±15 % in variation when compared with fresh oil
Water content 100 mass ppm or less
Degree of Degree of contamination measured by mass method (Millipore value) shall
contamination be 25 mg/100 ml or less.
*1 When NH 3 refrigerant is used with PAG, the inside of the equipment can be easily rusted due to
water absorption. Furthermore, as PAG has a higher cleaning effect than conventional mineral
oils, the rust developed in the equipment can be easily carried to the compressor, to make the
degree of contamination higher during the initial phase of operation. As such, it is recommended
to replace the oil with new oil, after 2000 to 3000 hours of operation. To prevent possible
absorption of water during oil charge, rainy days should be avoided. Complete charging within 15
minutes after the oil container is opened.
*2 This value is only for reference purposes, due to possible water absorption during the sampling,
as the oil has high water absorption characteristic. Also, in the case of NH 3 refrigerant, NH 3 may
be detected as water. If this limit is repeatedly exceeded in two or more samplings, it should be
judged that it does not satisfy the management criteria.

4-3
4.1.7 Lubricating Oil Replacement Timing
 After Starting the Initial Operation

As the oil can easily be contaminated and degraded relatively quickly during the initial operation due to
scales and deposits remaining in piping and vessels, replace the oil after 100 hours of operation.
Furthermore after 500 hours, replace or to analyze the lubricating oil.
When analyzing, if it is found as a result of the analysis that the management criteria given in Table 4-1
or 4-2 are not satisfied, the oil must be replaced.
 During Normal Operation

Lubricating oil degrades gradually as the system is operated over time.
The rate of degradation depends on the operating condition, type of oil and amount of foreign matters
and moisture contained in the oil.
When inspecting and cleaning the oil filter, replace the lubricating oil, or analyze it at every six months.
We recommend oil analyze because that is as effective to understand the condition of the package unit.
When analyzing, if it is found as a result of the analysis that the management criteria given in Table 4-1
or 4-2 are not satisfied, the oil must be replaced.
If the oil filters are frequently clogged or the oil color quickly becomes darker and unclear, replace the
oil after removing the cause of the problem.
In addition, replace the oil every time the compressor is overhauled.

4-4
4.2 Initial Operation

4.2.1 Precautions for Initial Operation
 Check the open/close status of each valve before operation. In particular, operating
the compressor with the high pressure side valves closed carries a risk that it may
cause a rupture. Also, if the valves that connect to various protection devices are
closed, the protection devices will not operate properly.
 Be sure to fully open the source valve of safety valves at all times, except when the
safety valves are to be inspected.
 Before operation, the belt (coupling) guard must be attached. Operating the
compressor without installing the belt (coupling) guard carries a risk that the
operator could be caught in rotating parts to result in severe personal injury or death.
 Ensure that sufficient safety measures are in place when operating valves or
conducting inspection with the compressor running. While the compressor is
running, there are all sorts of risks including death, severe injury, minor injury,
electric shock, burn, and so on.
The refrigerant system installed must be operated for a long time maintaining the initial functions. For
this, the initial operation has an important significance.
Within 24 hours after starting the initial operation, dust, scale, rust, sand, and other foreign matters in
the pipe system tend to be collected in the compressor being carried by the flow of refrigerant gas. Tiny
foreign matters not captured by the suction strainer or scale trap will be mixed in the oil and can cause
a failure or abnormal wear.
While sucking of foreign matters into the compressor lasts for a long time during operation, the amount
of such matters is the largest during this initial period of operation.
Check the existence of foreign matters by inspecting the suction strainer and also by checking the
contamination of the lubricating oil.
As the condition of the oil in the crank case should indicate the state of contamination in the refrigerant
system, you can determine that the inside of the system is clean if the oil in the crank case is kept clean
and clear for a long period of time. If the oil is dark or impure dark brown, some foreign matters in the
system are contaminating the oil. In such a case, be sure to change the oil as soon as possible to
prevent foreign matters from entering the sliding/moving parts of the compressor.
In particular, check for any abnormal overheating or abnormal noise in the compressor.
 When cleaning the oil filter and suction filter, it is necessary to properly process the refrigerant
and to open the compressor. For the processing of the refrigerant and compressor
disassembly/assembly procedures, refer to Chapter 5, "Maintenance and Inspection" in this
manual.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 4.2 Initial Operation

4-5
4.2.2 Initial Operation Method
 If the compressor to be used has been in storage for a long time, i.e., more than
one year after the delivery, be sure to open each head cover, hand hole cover, and
seal cover to check the inside. At that time, supply sufficient oil to the opened parts
and change the O-ring of mechanical seal.
a) Before running the compressor, perform manual turn or inching (short run of 1 or 2 seconds) few
times to check that the oil pressure gauge is operational. Also check at the sight grass that the oil
level is slightly lowered at the same time.
b) Operate the compressor.
c) Perform the initial operation following Table 4-3 "Guidelines for Oil Replacement and Filters
Inspection".
Table 4-3 Guidelines for Oil Replacement and Filters Inspection

Replacement of oil and
Elapsed time Cleaning of suction filter
cleaning of oil filter
After completion of refrigerant
 
charging operation
After completion of
 
commissioning
100 hours after starting
 
operation
500 hours after starting Oil analysis or replacement

operation Cleaning the oil filter
NOTE:
If contamination of the lubricating oil or clogging of the strainer is found, perform oil replacement or
inspection/cleaning regardless of the above guideline.
･･･Mandatory ･･･Inspection and cleaning is recommended.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 4.2 Initial Operation

4-6
4.3 Operating Precautions

For the daily control items and their details, refer to Chapter 5, Section 5.1 in this manual.
Other important operating precautions are given in the following paragraphs.
4.3.1 Start/Stop Limit

For normal operation of the compressor, the start/stop limits, stop duration, and other requirements are
specified as follows.
The start/stop times and stop duration are specified in order to prevent possible burning of electric
circuits and components or overheating and seizure of the compressor cylinders.
Table 4-4 Specification for Start/Stop Times, Stop Duration, etc.

Specified value
Item
Water-cooled Air-cooled
Number of start/stop cycles 4 times per hour or less 2 times per hour or less
Stop duration 15 minutes or more 30 minutes or more
Minimum operation time 15 minutes or more
Number of unloader operations 5 times per hour or less
4.3.2 Liquid Flow-Back Prevention

The "liquid flow-back" is a phenomenon when the refrigerant liquid reaches the compressor without
being completely evaporated with the gas. The liquid flow-back phenomenon may cause insufficient
lubrication of the compressor, generation of abnormal vibration and noise, and/or abnormal foaming of
the lubricating oil (oil loss). To prevent liquid flow-back operation, properly adjust the expansion valve of
each cooler.
4.4 Action to Take when the Compressor is Stopped for a

Long Time
If the compressor is to be stopped for a long time, be sure to recover the refrigerant from the
compressor, close the suction and discharge stop valves and the stop valve in the downstream of the
oil filter of the oil supply line, and shut off the main power to the motor, heater power, and power to the
control panel.
If the inoperative period lasts for a month or longer, perform the following services once per month:
 Measure the pressure of the system;

 Check for any leak of refrigerant from each section of the system; and
 Turn the compressor shaft (at least 10 turns).
When the compressor package unit is to be operated after being inoperative for one year or longer,
check for any refrigerant leak and replace the oil.
In addition, open each head cover, hand hole cover, and seal cover to check the inside. At that time,
supply sufficient oil to the opened parts and change the O-ring of mechanical seal.
Measure the insulation resistance of the motor to confirm that it can be run without problems.
Apply power to the oil heater at least one hour prior to starting the operation. Also, before starting to
operate the system, check the temperature and pressure inside the package unit to make sure that the
refrigerant is not condensed in the package.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 4.3 Operating Precautions

4-7
5.1 Precautions for Maintenance and Inspection

When reading this Section, also refer to Section 1.1 in this manual Chapter 1.
 When entering the machine room for maintenance services, ensure that sufficient
ventilation has been started and measure the oxygen concentration so that there is
no risk of oxygen deficiency. The ventilation must be continued steadily until the
work is completed.
 For performing the inspection work, be sure to prepare safety shoes, protective
glasses, gas mask and other proper protective gear and do not fail to use them
whenever they are required.
 After stopping the machine and before working on a periodic inspection or
overhaul, be sure to shut off the main motor power, control power, and other power
to each equipment and valve. After they are shut off, be sure to make the switches
inoperable by others. Also, be sure to attach notification tags to prohibit operation
(lock-out/tag-out).
 When any manual stop valve has been closed, be sure to make the valve inoperable
by others and put a notification tag to prohibit the operation (tag-out).
 When the compressor is to be overhauled, check that the internal pressure of this
product is at the atmospheric pressure before starting the work.
 When using lifting devices, e.g. a crane, etc. and/or lifting tools, ensure that they
can sufficiently withstand the load.
 When lifting a heavy load object, do not allow anyone’s body to put under it.
 The work to turn each power supply ON/OFF or operate a lifting unit must be
exclusively performed by qualified personnel.
 When using electric tools, ensure that they are properly managed in accordance
with each instruction manual. Especially before using and while using, be sure to
follow the care instructions on the safety of each instruction manual.
 Be sure to use only genuine parts for replacement. Using parts that are
not genuine can cause damage to this product or other devices during operation.
 Do not convert or modify this product or its components without prior permission
from MAYEKAWA. Otherwise, it can lead to an unexpected accident.
 Exercise sufficient care for handling a heavy load object, and use such a lifting
device as a crane or work with an adequate number of personnel commensurate
with the magnitude of the weight. Also, be sure to use stud bolts (safety retention
bolts) and other support tools for the work. Neglecting the above warning can lead
to low back pain of the worker or injury due to dropping of the parts.
 If two or more people are to work together, be sure to clearly define the work
procedures to share a common understanding among all workers before
performing the work.
 Not only the work to turn each power supply ON/OFF or operate a lifting device, but
also any type of work requiring qualification must be exclusively performed by
qualified personnel.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.1 Precautions for Maintenance and Inspection

5-1
 When checking the operation data of units and performing other daily maintenance
services, pay particular attention to avoid touching the area heated to a high
temperature causing skin burns or inadvertently moving the handle of a valve
leading to an erroneous operation.
 In the disassembly/inspection workplace, secure a sufficient space for temporary
storage of the removed parts and tools, replacement parts, and for the
disassembling work as well as safety passages, and then put up necessary off-limit
signs.
 In the workplace, secure a sufficient space and refrain from putting tools directly on
the floor or from haphazardly laying wires.
 Keep the floor clean all the time. Leaving the floor smeared with oil and the like
causes it to be slippery and may result in the fall and injury of personnel. Thus, do
not leave it but wipe it off right away.
 Make sure that the temperature of the high temperature sections such as head
covers and discharge lines has been cooled down to normal ambient temperature,
before working on them.
 When disassembling and reassembling the compressor, use the specified tools
properly. Before starting to use those tools, gain the full understanding of their
characteristics and the method for use.
 During the maintenance service, keep the tools clean all the time. Using those tools
smeared with oil increases the risk of slip and fall, leading to an injury. Also during
the service, there is a risk of foreign matters intruding inside the compressor to
cause its damage.
 Parts are slippery with oil. Fully watch out for the risk of any object falling down.
Pay attention to any parts falling down, which could lead to personal injury.
 Before disassembly, inspections, and handling of the compressor, sufficiently

understand the disassembly and assembly procedures.
 When removing a part, be careful not to damage it.
 Place the removed parts on a clean workbench in an orderly manner.
 For cleaning parts, use kerosene and machine parts cleaning sprays available on the
market.
 Washed parts shall be dried by compressed air or wiped up using clean cloth. Do not
use synthetic textiles or woolen textiles to prevent fibers from attaching the parts.
 Removed bolts from each part should be classified into each used section to prevent
confusion.
 Note that although this manual describes the disassembling and reassembling practice of the
L-series compressor, it does not define the maintenance procedure to the minute details, but only
covers its key points only.
 If complete disassembly and reassembly of this product are required, please contact your nearest
sales office or service center of MAYEKAWA.
 The figures marked with brackets [ ] immediately following each part name in this manual indicate
the part numbers given in Section 7.1 " Development Views" and Section 7.2 "Parts Configuration
Table" in this manual Chapter 7.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.1 Precautions for Maintenance and Inspection

5-2
5.2 Maintenance and Inspection List

5.2.1 Daily Management
For the purpose of daily maintenance, check the items listed in Table 5-1 "Daily Inspection Item" and
record the results.
By regularly recording the daily operational data in an operation log, it should be able to detect any
significant change in the system. This practice is particularly effective in preventing possible failures of
the compressor.
It is particularly important to keep track of the records that indicate the relationship between the
temperature and pressure, as it is closely related to the evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant,
in quickly finding any abnormal condition of the compressor or the system.
Keeping an operation log can facilitate the efforts to properly track down the cause of failure or accident
that may occur in the compressor or the system, making it easier to quickly and accurately deal with the
situation.
Also keep in mind to always neatly arrange the spare parts, tools, and other things and keep the
machine room clean and clear of unnecessary items.
Table 5-1 Daily Inspection Item
Inspection Item Inspection details Remarks
Hours of operation hr Total hours of operation • Used to determine the timing of periodic
maintenance and inspection
Suction pressure MPa Difference from the specified • Clogging of the suction filter
pressure for the specified • Cleanliness of the cooling pipe surface
evaporation temperature • Temperature and flow of the items cooled
Discharge pressure MPa Difference from the • Cleanliness of the condenser cooling pipe
condensation pressure for the • Mixing of non condensing gas
specified cooling water • Amount and temperature of the cooling
temperature water
Oil supply pressure MPa Difference from the suction • Whether the differential pressure is
pressure decreasing or not
• Liquid flow-back operation
• Wear of compressor parts
Compressor
Suction temperature °C Whether upper/lower limit • Temperature and flow of the items cooled
temperatures are not exceeded
Discharge °C Whether it is within the upper • Mixing of non condensing gas
temperature limit temperature • Supply oil temperature, insufficient amount
of oil
• Failure of the compressor
Supply oil °C Whether upper/lower limit • Cleanliness of the cooling pipe of the oil
temperature temperatures are not exceeded cooler
Oil level in the - Whether upper/lower limits are • Note that the apparent oil level rises if the
crankcase not exceeded refrigerant is highly absorbed in the oil.
Leakage from shaft mL/h Amount of leak per hour: Guideline for inspection:
seal • Normal leak ≤ 3 • Overhaul ≥ 9
Noise and vibration - Abnormal noise or vibration • Failure of the compressor/motor

• Problems with V-belts/coupling
Cooling water hose - Water leak, disengagement
Motor current A Whether it is increased from the • Failure or overload of the compressor or
time of the commissioning the motor
Temperature inside °C Whether it is within the • Overheating and failure of the motor
Others
machine room acceptable temperature range

for the motor
Liquid level of the - Liquid level height • Add refrigerant
liquid receiver
Refrigerant leak - Any refrigerant leak • In the machine room and in the facility on
check the load side
■ Unless otherwise specified, the pressure unit "MPa" represents the gauge pressure in this manual.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.2 Maintenance and Inspection List

5-3
5.2.2 Periodic Inspection

Conduct inspection for the following items according to the specified schedule.
In addition, regarding other related items such as any safety devices (e.g. gas leak detectors), or other
utility (gas/electricity) protection devices that constitute the cooling system together with the
compressor, even if they are not directly connected to the compressor, any regulatory requirements that
require inspection and recording of the results must be observed according to the instructions provided.
Table 5-2 Periodic Inspection Items
Inspection Item Inspection interval Remarks
To be replaced if any abnormality is
Tension and degradation of V-belts Monthly
found
Inspection and Cleaning at 100, 300,
and 700 hours after starting the initial Inspection and cleaning is required
Suction filter and Oil filter operation regardless of the hours used if it is
After that, inspection and cleaning determined that the lubrication oil is
shall be performed at 1000-hour dirty and/or the filter is clogged.
intervals.
Pressure gauge/pressure sensor Yearly Be sure to comply with the
Thermometer/temperature sensor Yearly regulatory requirements in your
locality.
Protection devices and safety
every 6 months To be replaced if any abnormality is
valves
found
Replacement;
After a laps of 100 hours, 300 hours
and 700 hours from starting the initial
operation
Lubricating oil
When performing the oil analysis
(Analyze or Replacement)
After that, analyze every 6 months or management of every six months,
replace replace the oil if the analysis result
at 1000 hours interval does not satisfy the management
criteria shown in Section 4.1.6
Follow the instruction manual for the
Motor greasing
motor
Filters and other components in the
Yearly To be cleaned if not clean enough
cooling water system
Every year or every 8000 hours of To be replaced if any abnormality is
Shaft seal
operation found
Every year or every 8000 hours of To be replaced if any abnormality is
Direct coupling
operation found
■ The inspection shall be performed according to the calendar time or operating hours,
whichever comes first.

5-4
5.2.3 Compressor Overhaul

 Guideline for the Overhaul Timing
 The required frequency of compressor overhaul will vary depending on the compressor
model, refrigerant, rotating speed, usage condition, state of system, and type of oil. The
cost of parts replacement will be charged to the customer even if the part failure occurs
before reaching the overhaul time listed in this section.
 Replacement of consumables used in the L-series compressor shall normally be made at
the time of overhaul.
The recommended overhaul timing is shown in the table below as a guideline.

Here, it is assumed that:
(1) The operating condition is within the specified operation range, and
(2) The number of start/stop cycles is within the specified limit.
Table 5-3 Guideline for the Overhaul Timing

Type of inspection Recommended timing
Level 1 overhaul 6000 hours of operation or one calendar year, whichever comes first
Level 2 overhaul 12000 hours of operation or two calendar years, whichever comes first
 Level 1 Overhaul
Remove each cover plate, head cover, and hand hole cover and take out the pistons and connecting
rods. If no abnormality is found, it is unnecessary to remove the crankshaft or the bearing housing.
Table 5-4 Level 1 Overhaul Items

Part No. Inspection point Action
1 Crankcase Cleaning inner case
2 Crankshaft pins Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
29 Thrust bearing Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
32 Mechanical Seal Assembly Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
61 Cylinder sleeve Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
Suction Plate Valve and Spring, Replacement
71,72
Suction Valve
77 Connecting rod Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
82 Roll bushing rod Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
84 Bearing Halves Replacement
85 Piston Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
86 Piston pin Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
89, 90, 100 Piston ring and oil control ring Replacement
Discharge Plate Valve and Spring, Replacement
110,116
Discharge Valve
119 Oil filter Cleaning
178 Suction filter Cleaning
- Piston ring set Replacement
Water cooling jacket cover and water Cleaning
-
side of the oil cooler

5-5

- Gasket Replacement
- O-ring Replacement
- Lubricating oil Replacement
- Motor grease Refer to the instruction manual of the motor.
 Level 2 Overhaul
Remove the crankshaft and main bearing housing at the level 2 overhaul.
Conduct inspection for the following items in addition to the level 1 overhaul items.
Table 5-5 Level 2 Overhaul Items

2 Crankshaft Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
12 Main bushing Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
20 Thrust washer Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
- Other each block parts Inspection and replacement if any abnormality is found
 Level 2 and subsequent overhaul

In addition to the level 1 and level 2 overhaul items, repeat the Level 1 and Level 2 overhauls every
6000 hours after Level 2. Also replace the valve plate [No. 73] and discharge valve sheet [No. 111]
when reaching 24,000 hours of operation or 4 years, whichever comes first, as a guideline.

5-6
5.3 Preparation for Overhaul

5.3.1 Replacement Parts
Prepare the required genuine parts according to Section 7.2 "Parts Configuration Table"
in this manual Chapter 7.
All the O-rings and gaskets of the parts disassembled during the overhaul work must be replaced by
new ones as they can be easily damaged in the disassembly process.
When ordering parts, be sure to inform the (a) model name, (b) serial number, (c) part name, (d) part
code, and (e) quantity required to our sales offices or service centers.
In particular, when the serial number (b) is unknown, the details of design and manufacturing
specifications cannot be identified, and thus the required part can hardly be selected.
5.3.2 Disassembly Tools and Workplace

Before proceeding with the disassembly work, prepare necessary disassembly tools for the K-series
compressor by referring to Chapter 7, Section 7.8 "Disassembly Tools" in this manual.
In addition, prepare other necessary tools and materials including general hand tools, GC grinding
stones, sandpapers of #80 to #100, about #400 to #800 sandpapers, parts cleaner, lubricating oil,
oilcan, empty can to receive drain oil, waste, etc.
In the disassembly/inspection workplace, temporary storage places to put the tools, disassembled parts,
and replacement parts, workplace for the disassembly work, safety passages, and necessary off-limit
signs shall be provided.
Perform the work after protective covering so that dust and water do not get on during disassembly and
assembly.
5.3.3 Refrigerant Gas Recovery

Before the disassembly work, the refrigerant contained in the product must be recovered for not to
discharge it into the air.
There are a few methods of recovering the refrigerant. For example, one method is to operate the
refrigerator, close the supply source valve, turn the gas into liquid, and recover the liquid at the receiver.
Another method is to use a refrigerant recovery machine to recover the liquid. As such, choose the
means that best meets your purpose.
Prepare a working flow sheet of the system beforehand. Prior to the recovery work, check the valves to
be controlled during the recovery work by comparing them with the ones in the flow sheet, and clearly
note the valves to be operated, other connected devices, and tubes on the flow sheet.
Two flow sheets must be prepared, i.e., one at the foreman and the other for posting in the workplace.
In addition, prepare a work procedure document for the refrigerant recovery work to reflect the actual
conditions of the workplace, and sufficiently share the work details among all the coworkers through
checking and confirmation before actually starting the work.
 Before the work, be sure to check and communicate the work details and procedures
among all coworkers, and carry out hazard prediction activities based on the information
shared. Neglecting to do this will increase the risk of on-the-job accidents and injuries to
a considerable level.
 All the valves that have been opened or closed during the work must be prevented from
accidental operation through proper lock-out and tag-out procedures.
If the lubricating oil used is compatible with the refrigerant, a large amount of refrigerant should be
contained in the oil. Accordingly, after the refrigerant has been recovered once, the refrigerant
contained in the oil will be evaporated to increase the pressure inside the crankcase. As such, be sure
to recover the refrigerant repeatedly for a few times, until the pressure becomes low and no more
increased.
After completing the recovery work, shut down the related drive power and control power, and securely
carry out the lock-out and tag-out procedures.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.3 Preparation for Overhaul
5-7
5.3.4 Discharging the Lubricating oil and Cooling Water

After completing the refrigerant recovery work, fill the crankcase with air to reduce the internal pressure
down to the atmospheric pressure and open the oil supply and discharge valve to drain the oil to the
container. Also, discharge the cooling water from the water drain plug or water drain valve.
Oil Supply and Discharge Valve
5.3.5 Removal of V-belt or Coupling

a) Disengage the V-belt or coupling to separate this product from the motor.
b) Remove the pulley or the coupling hub on the compressor by using a pulley extractor. As the shaft is
tapered, it is easy to remove the unit by slightly loosening it.
c) If a flange type motor or water-cooled semi-closed motor is used, refer to the instruction manual of
the package unit or motor. If the overhaul is only for the compressor, keep the motor as it is.
 The V-pulley (or the coupling hub) is a heavy component. The removal work must be
performed by a number of people appropriate to carry the weight.
 The V-pulley may slide and drop when it is loosened, and thus be sufficiently cautious in
handling it.
Removal of the Coupling Hub
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.3 Preparation for Overhaul

5-8
5.4 Disassembly
5.4.1 Removal of Cooling Water Pipe
On the water-cooled head cover, each jacket of the compressor is connected with a braided high
pressure hose.
As the braided high pressure hose is tightened by a hose band onto the hose nipple, loosen the hose
band to remove the hose.
If the hose nipple is connected by a flange, it should be easier to remove the flange than to loosen the
hose band.
Note that if the braided high pressure hose is a black one, it can not be reused once removed.
5.4.2 Removal of Head Cover

While the standard L-series models do not employ head springs unlike other series of reciprocating
compressors, some special L-series models may employ a head spring. Thus, be sure to confirm the
specifications of your compressor in advance.
 On the compressor with the head spring, the head spring may jump out while
removing the head cover due to the spring force, which could result in injury.
Pay sufficient attention to prevent such accidents.
Either water-cooled or air-cooled head cover is used for the compressor. In the case of water-cooled
head cover, if it is desired to clean the water side of the jacket, the jacket part can be removed from the
head cover. When removing the jacket, be sure to start from the upper covers.
 Dropping the head cover can cause injury or damage to the compressor. For your safety,
be sure to use stud bolts during the work.
a) Remove an upper bolt and screw in a stud bolt for safety to

loosen other bolts. Then, after ensuring a clearance between
the crankcase and the head cover, remove the bolts.
b) Lift up the head cover along the stud bolt to remove it.
Loosening the bolt
Inside of the water-cooled After removing the head cover

jacket cover
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.4 Disassembly

5-9
5.4.3 Disassembling the Valve Plate and Discharge Valve Assembly

The discharge valve is integrated in the discharge case assembly and fixed with two positioning pins
and four bolts to the valve plate.
The bolts are partially for common use with the valve plate fixing bolts.
Bolts for concurrently fixing the discharge

valve assembly and valve plate
Bolts for assembling the discharge valve

seat and other components.
Valve plate fixing bolts
a) Remove the cage fixing bolts to remove the cage by lifting it up. The positioning pins may be fixed
hard to remove. Carefully lift up the cage while keeping it horizontal so that the pins will not be bent.
b) The upper surface of the valve plate, after removing the cage, serves as the outer seat for the
discharge valve. Be careful not to scratch the surface.
After removing the discharge valve assembly Front and back sides
of the discharge valve assembly
c) The discharge valve cage and the seat are assembled together by three bolts. Lift up the claw of the
lock washer on the bolt and remove each bolt. The seat is assembled with a single positioning pin.
After removing the seat, the discharge valve can be removed. The discharge valve and discharge
valve spring are fitted to the spring hole in the cage.
Lift up the claw of the lock washer Disassembling the discharge valve cage
and the seat

5-10
Discharge valve Assembly
d) The valve plate is fixed to the crankcase by bolts. Its position in regard to the crankcase is
determined by a pin and a mating hole on the cylinder sleeve flange.
Lift up the valve plate in the direction perpendicular to the fastening face.
Valve plate
Removing the valve plate After removing the valve plate
Valve plate (front) Valve plate (back)

5-11
5.4.4 Removal of Hand Hole Cover

a) Remove the upper center bolt on the cover and screw in a stud bolt for safety.
b) Remove all the bolts and separate the gasket from the crankcase.
c) The oil sight glass on the hand hole cover is sandwiched between the O-ring from both sides, and
secured by the oil sight gland. When replacing the O-rings, tighten the bolts with a specified torque
after replacement.
Removal of the hand hole cover
5.4.5 Loosening the Connecting Rod Bolts

a) Loosen the nuts of the Connecting Rod fastening bolt on the large end of the connecting rod. Use a
socket wrench for loosening the nuts, while paying attention not to damage the thread.
b) Turn the crankshaft to allow the piston of the cylinder to be removed to reach its bottom dead center.
c) Remove the second nut of the connecting rod fastening bolt from the crankshaft pin part, and then
remove the first nut. Be careful not to lose the fastening washers.
Loosening the connecting rod fastening bolt
d) Remove the connecting rod cap.

5-12
5.4.6 Removal of Cylinder Assembly

a) Screw an eye bolt into the threaded hole on top of the piston and pull up the eye bolt to allow the
cylinder sleeve and the piston to be lifted together by the tension of the piston ring. As the cylinder
sleeve is a heavy item, be careful not to drop it when removing the cylinder.
b) If you pull up the piston alone too much, the piston ring will go off upward and it will be hard to further
disassemble. If you pull up the piston alone too much, the piston ring will go off upward and further
disassembling becomes difficult. Be careful particularly when pulling up the piston of the inclined
cylinders; the connecting rod bottom could be caught by the intermediate partition of the crankcase,
resulting in scratches.
Removing the cylinder assembly
c) Remove all the cylinders in the same way. The cylinders should be put in order so that mounted
position of each one can be identified. Place the rod caps, bolts and nuts together as a set.
d) Since the width of the large end of a connecting rod is wider than the inner diameter of the mating
cylinder, remove the cylinder, piston and rod together as a set from the crankcase.
e) Place the cylinder assembly with the clylinder seat (flange side) down on a wooden or plastic board
for protective. Remove the rod fastening bolts in advance.
f) While retaining the cylinder sleeve with a hand and pull off the connecting rod by holding its large
end.
g) There is no need of removing the retaining ring unless the cylinder or cam ring is required to be
replaced.
The cam ring can easily be removed downward after the retaining ring in the lower groove is
removed.
Every cam ring is fabricated from a cam having the left-downward slope.
h) The lift pin can be removed by pulling off the lift pin stop ring (E-ring) that prevents the spring from
being disengaged. Be careful not to lose the spring.
Lift Pin
E-ring
Spring
Retaining ring

5-13
5.4.7 Removal of Piston and Connecting Rod

a) Place the piston upside down on the work surface.
b) Remove the piston pin lock spring using a proper tool such as a pair of pliers.
Removal of the lock spring Removal of the piston

c) Remove the piston pin by pushing it from one side. If the piston pin is tightly engaged with the piston,
lightly tap the pin with a piece of wood to remove it.
d) By removing the piston pin, the piston is separated from the connecting rod.
 Each connecting rod is marked with a three-digit number to indicate the combination between the
main body and the rod cap. Also, the cylinder number is marked on the opposite side.
Once removed, be sure to put them together as a set.
Combination number Cylinder number
Connecting rod Bearing halves

5-14
5.4.8 Piston Ring
To remove the piston ring, use a special tool as shown

in the picture to the right. If no such tool is available,
use a vinyl covered wire or lock tie to make a loop to
pull both ends apart to widen the ring as shown.
 Because if the piston ring is excessively

widened during the removal process, it
may become strained and distorted to
cause oil loss, be sure to follow the above
work procedure.
Piston ring removal tool
Piston ring Removal of the piston ring
5.4.9 Unloader Mechanism

It is unnecessary to disassemble the unloader unless there is a problem with the unloader mechanism.
When disassmbling, first remove the solenoid coil (by removing the bolt retaining the coil).
a) Remove the unloader piston cover fastening bolts to remove the unloader piston cover.
b) Pull out the unloader piston, unloader push rod, and unloader device spring.
c) The unloader push rods have different lengths depending on the cylinder position. Therefore, it is
necessary to record the combination of the unloader push rod number and the corresponding
cylinder number when the rod is removed. By this, possible assembly error can be prevented.
Unloader solenoid valve Unloader piston Unloader push rod

5-15
 The components of the unloader mechanism are divided into the ones to be attached to the
crankcase and the ones attached to the cylinder sleeve.
Table 5-6 Unloader Components (to be attached to the crankcase)

Part No. Part Name
135 Push Rod, Unloader
142 Spring, unloader device
143 Washer, unloader push rod
144 unloader push rod
145 Unloader piston
62L
Unloader Components (to be attached to the cylinder sleeve)
Table 5-7 Unloader Components (to be attached to the cylinder sleeve)

Part No. Part Name
62L Cam Ring (left down)
65 Retaining ring
68 Lift pin
69 Spring, Lift pin
70 Retaining ring (E-ring), Lift pin

5-16
5.4.10 Shaft Seal

a) Oil is deposited inside the shaft seal cover. Prepare an oil pan underneath.
b) Loosen all the seal cover fastening bolts. When the gasket is not stuck, a gap is created between the
cover and case by the seal spring force. Remove all bolts except for the two at the symmetrical
positions, and then mount stud bolt s for safety before loosening the two bolts.
If the cover is stuck due to the gasket, loosen the bolts and move the cover by inserting an
appropriate tool (ex.: scraper) between the cover and the body.
c) Pull off the shaft seal cover in parallel with the crakshaft direction.
d) The seal cover is attached with a floating seat together with an O-ring. This floating seat can be
removed by pushing it from the outside of the cover. As this is made of a fragile material, be careful
in handling it.
Shaft seal cover Removal of the shaft seal cover
e) Remove the shaft seal cover to see the mechanical seal assembly installed inside. The assembly is
in contact with the shaft via the spring retainer that is positioned by an inserted pin. This assembly
incorporates a seal ring, O-ring, drive collar and springs besides the retainer.
f) By holding the mechanical seal assembly with both hands and firmly pulling out the backmost seal
collar, the entire assembly can be pulled off from the shaft.
g) As the mechanical seal assembly thus pulled out will readily scattered, put the parts together and
keep them in order. Protect the sliding parts of the seal ring from being scratched.
Spring retainer
Floating seat Spring

Drive collar
O - ring
O - ring
Seal ring
Figure 5-1 Mechanical Seal Assembly

5-17
5.4.11 Bearing Housing

a) Loosen all the fastening bolts for the bearing housing. Remove the upper two bolts, screw the stud
bolts for safety, and remove all tightening bolts.
b) On the flange of the bearing housing, threaded holes are provided for extracting the housing. Screw
the removed bolts into these holes to separate the bearing housing.
c) When the housing is pulled out to a certain extent, it can be further pulled out by holding it with hands,
but the crankshaft may be pulled out together with the bearing housing. Remove the bearing housing
while holding the shaft from the seal side or through the hand hole, preventing the shaft from being
pulled out.
Removal of the bearing housing
After removing the bearing housing

5-18
5.4.12 Main Bushing and Thrust Washer

The main bushing is a thin-walled roll bushing that is press-fit into the hole of the bearing housing. To
replace the main bushing, replacing the entire bearing housing assembly is required.
The thrust washer is a ring-formed, lined metal sheet that is fixed by pins on the thrust face of the
bearing housing.
To replace the thrust washer, use an appropriate tool with a tapered end to pry up the washer.
No. Part Name

29-4 Thrust washer
12 Main bushing
9 Gasket ,Bearing Housing
13 Fixing pin, Thrust washer
8 Bearing housing
10 Fastening bolt, Bearing housing
Figure 5-2 Configuration of the Bearing Housing
Bearing housing and Main bushing Thrust washer

thrust washer

5-19
5.4.13 Oil Pump

The oil pump is installed with the bearing housing.
When the performance of oil pump is degraded, replacing the entire bearing housing is required.
Oil pump Removal of the oil pump cover
After removing the oil pump gears Components inside the oil pump
The pump is a reversible trochoidal pump that delivers the oil in the fixed direction regardless of the
rotational direction of the shaft.
When the shaft rotating direction is changed, the friction
between the outer gears and casing causes the gear
eccentric positions to change and thus the fluid delivery
direction is fixed.
Counterclockwise
rotation Crankshaft rotation changes from CCW to CW. Clockwise rotation
Crankshaft rotation changes from CW to CCW.
Figure 5-3 Reversible Trochoidal Pump

5-20
5.4.14 Crankshaft
When the bearing head is removed, the crankshaft is supported by one end, i.e., by the main bearing.
a) To protect the crank pin area from damage, sufficiently wrap the area with protective cloth, masking
tape, etc.
b) By holding the both ends of the crankshaft, pull it out and place the balance weight of the bearing
housing side on the mouting flange of the bearing housing.
c) Then place the central arm and pull it out by gradually displacing it as shown in the figure.
d) The removed shaft should be supported with a wooden V- block and store it while bearing should be
protected from being scratched.
Removla of the crankshaft

5-21
5.4.15 Thrust Bearing and Thrust Washer

The thrust washer of L-series is fixed with bolts on the crankcase body on the seal side.
a) When replacing it, remove the bolts and pull them off.
If the thrust bearing is tightly stuck to the case and hard to be removed, screw each of the two bolts
that have been removed into the extraction bolt hole and remove the bearing straightly while slighly
moving it to left and right.
Loosening the fastening bolts Removing the thrust bearing
b) Likewise, the bearing housing, the thrust washer on

the seal side is fixed by the pins on the inside of the Positioning pins
thrust bearing.
Thrust washer and thrust bearing
5.4.16 Oil Filter

The oil filter is mounted on the crankcase with a
hexagonal nipple. Remove the oil filter from the
nipple.
As the straining metal net has little strength, do not
apply an excessive force to it.
Oil filter

5-22
5.4.17 Suction Filter

It is mounted inside the suction filter case. Be sure to clean the filter at the periodic inspection.
Removal of the suction filter
5.4.18 Internal Safety Valve

When an external safety valve is installed according to specifications, no internal safety valve is
installed.
A plug-in type safety valve is installed on the wall in the border of high pressure and low pressure
chambers inside the head cover. If the safety valve is activated, conduct troubleshooting and take
required actions.
The valve may be activated at a low operation pressure due to deformation of the Teflon seat. If the
seat is deformed, replace it with a new one.
Internal safety valve After installing the internal safety valve
5.4.19 Gas Equalizer Assembly for Crankcase

A hole is provided to equalize the pressure difference between the suction chamber of the crankcase
and the crankshaft chamber. And a gas equalizer assembly connected to this hole so that no oil drop
from the crankshaft chamber will enter the suction chamber. This equalizer assembly does not need to
be disassembled.
Note: Gas equalizer assembly is not drawn in Chapter 7, Section 7.1 "Development View of Parts".

5-23
5.5 Reassembly
 Be very careful when you carry a heavy piece of equipment. The work must be
performed by a number of people appropriate to carry the weight. Also, be sure to
use stud bolts (safety retention bolts) and other support tools for the work.
Neglecting the above warning can lead to low back pain of the worker or injury due
to dropping of the parts.
 During the assembly work on the compressor, use the correct tools specified. Using
worn-out or damaged tools or tools inappropriate for the work increases the risk of
personal injury.
 For the composition of the suction valve and discharge valve, refer to Chapter 7, Section
7.3 "Configuration of Plate Valves and Associated Parts" in this manual.
 When replacing parts, check the type and compatibility before the assembly work.
 If any minor defect is observed on the parts to be assembled, such as a minor scratch
caused during disassembly or surface rust due to long-period storage, use a sand paper
(#800 to #1200) to remove them.
 Assembly parts shall be washed using wash oil (e.g., light oil) and kept clean.
 Washed parts shall be dried by compressed air or wiped up using clean cloth. Do not
use synthetic textiles or woolen textiles to prevent fibers from attaching the parts.
 Prepare new lubricating oil in an oil feeder and apply the oil to various sliding surfaces
immediately before the assembly work.
 Apply a sufficient amount of lubricating oil on both sides of the gasket before assembly.
 Some gaskets have holes for oil supply purposes other than bolt holes. During
assembly, carefully check the oil hole locations for not to block any oil supply line by a
gasket.
 All tools used must be kept clean before use. Do not use worn-out, deformed, or
damaged tools as they may cause damage to the assemblies and parts.
 When tightening the fastening bolts, first fasten four diagonally opposite bolts applying
50 percent of the tightening torque specified in the table below. Then, fasten all bolts in
the clockwise order applying the specified torque. When fastening a part with a gasket,
the bolts fastened earlier tend to become loose as the remaining bolts are fastened.
Thus, be sure to tighten the first two bolts again.
Table 5-8 Tightening Torque of Hexagon Head Bolts

Size M10 M12 M16 M20 M22
N·m 40 80 120 160 300
Torque
kg·cm 400 800 1200 1600 3000
* The tightening torques for the flywheel (pulley) set bolts, the first and second crank pin fastening nuts,
and the first and second discharge valve fastening nuts are separately specified. Refer to the relevant
figures in Chapter 7, Section 7.3 "Configuration of Plate Valves and Associated Parts" of this manual.
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 5.5 Reassembly

5-24
Start the reassembly work after completing the cleaning of the assembly parts and tools. Most of the
reassembly work will be performed in the reverse order of the disassembly work. Perform the
reassembly work by referring to the description in Section 5.5 "Disassembly" in this manual.
5.5.1 Crankcase
a) Carefully check that no foreign matter (abraded powders, cut chips, etc.) remains in the crankcase,
particularly at the bottom where the oil tends to deposit; that no chips of old gasket remain on the
surface on which the gasket is attached; and that no foreign matter remains in the bolt hole.
b) When the oil filter is removed, ensure that no damage or deformation is found in it after cleaning it.
c) Apply a wrench to the hexagonal nipple to mount the oil filter. Be careful not apply force to the filter
element that is prone to be deformed.
d) Mount the suction filter [178].
Replace the suction filter cover gasket [180] with a new one.
5.5.2 Thrust Bearing

a) Identify the thrust bearing [29] and thrust washer [29-4] on the
shaft seal side and apply oil to them entirely.
b) Position the Φ12 oil hole of the thrust bearing at the top.
c) The outer surface of the thrust bearing and the mounting hole
Seal lubricating oil return hole
on the case side are designed to allow the clearance fit, and
thus can be pushed in by hand.
d) Tighten the M10 fastening bolts [31] for thrust bearing and
washers [30] with a specified torque.
Bearing lubricating oil inlet
Seal lubricating oil inlet

5.5.3 Crankshaft
a) Check again for any contamination in the
lubricating oil inlet and for any flaw on the
crank pin for mounting the connecting rod.
b) Protect the crank pin in the same way as
during the disassembly.
c) Adequately apply lubricating oil to the
crankshaft bearing.

5-25
d) Place the balance weight of the crankshaft on the bearing housing flange part.
 When conducting this work, the shaft tends to fall in the rotational direction.
Support it firmly to prevent if from falling.
Displacing the shaft Guide it with the wooden base and put and
allow it to enter the crankcase.
e) Then, move the shaft to allow the center arm to come in place. When one end of the shaft enters the
bearing during this process, pay attention not to damage the bearing with the end of the shaft.
View from the hand hole The shaft has entered by about 90 %.
f) At a position where the balance weight on the oil pump side slighly rides on the flange, the bearing
and the mating part of the shaft come in the proper fitting position. At this position, the shaft end is
protruding on the seal side. Hold both ends of the shaft to insert it in the bearing. In this time, move
the shaft in parallel to the shaft center.
g) Push in the shaft until it hits the thrust face.
View from the seal side with the shaft inserted

5-26
5.5.4 Main Bushing

Since the main bush [12] is press-fit in the bearing housing [8], it is difficult to replace the main bushing
alone in the worksite while disassembling and inspecting the compressor. Thus, it is recommended to
replace the bearing housing assembly as a whole.
If the main bushing has to be replaced alone on site, remove the oil pump first and detach/attach the
main bushing by using a hand press or equivalent tool.
Avoid hitting the main bushing for insertion because it could easily cause the component deformation.
Main bushing Bearing housing
5.5.5 Oil Pump

Do not disassemble the oil pump except when replacing defective parts.
When the performance of oil pump is degraded, replacing the entire bearing housing is required.
If the oil pump has to be disassembled, be careful not to lose the components, especially small springs
and steel balls.
Spring Steel ball
Component parts of oil pump Before assembling the oil pump

5-27
5.5.6 Bearing Housing

a) First, fit the thrust washer [29-4] to the lock pin, and
then assemble the bearing housing in the crankcase.
b) Apply oil to each sliding surface.
c) When assembling the bearing housing, align in
advance the concave part of the crankshaft and the Lock pin
convex part of the pump shaft so that the crankshaft
groove can readily fit the pump shaft.
Aligning the shaft groove vertically Aligning the pump protrusion vertically
d) Apply sufficient oil to the crankshaft bearing. Attach the bearing hosing gasket [9] to the flange of
bearing housing, while paying attention to the position of oil inlet.
e) Fit the housing bushing to the crankshaft and push it in until it comes in contact with the crankcase.
f) Then, while slightly lifting up the bearing housing, press it into the crankcase.
g) When it comes to the last 20 mm, the convex part of the pump shaft and the concave part of the
crankshaft will fit together. Slightly move the bearing housing to right and left to fit the convex and
concave parts together.
h) When the shafts fit together, lightly push them in. Tighten the bolts lightly, turn the crankshaft
manually, and then tighten the bolts further to the specified torque.

5-28
5.5.7 Shaft Seal
Mechanical seal assembly
a) Attach the floating seat to the shaft seal cover [26]. Apply oil to the O-ring, lightly fit it with fingers,
and evenly press it to fix in position. Be careful not to damage the sliding surface.
Attaching the floating seat
b) Face the seal retainer lock pin of the crankshaft upward as well as the cut-out of the seal retainer of
the mechanical seal assembly. Then, push the entire of the seal assembly to the shaft with hands
evenly to assemble them by fitting the pin and cut-out exactly.
Locking cut-out
Lock pin
c) Screw the stud bolts (safety retention bolts) in the crankcase. After applying oil to the mechanical
seal, assemble the seal cover while moving it in parallel with the shaft.
d) Gently push the seal cover while paying attention to prevent parts (particularly carbon) from being
damaged, and after the sliding surfaces have come into contact, tighten the bolts in a symmetrical
way.
e) Then, tighten all the bolts in the circumference to the specified torque.

5-29
5.5.8 Cylinder Sleeve

a) Place the cylinder sleeve [61] with its flange facing downward.
b) When replacing the cylinder sleeve, first drive the lock pin into the flange.
c) Attach the cam ring [62L] with its concave part upward and fix it with the retaining ring [65].
Fitting the retaining ring

Cylinder sleeve positioning pin
d) Then, mount the lift pin [68], lift pin spring [69], and insert lift pin stop ring [70] to prevent
disengagement.
e) Turn the cam ring to align the cut-out slot in the cam ring and the lock pin.
No. Item Name

68 Lift pin
70 Retaining ring (E-ring), Lift pin
69 Spring, Lift pin
61 Cylinder sleeve with gasket
62L Cam ring (left down)
65 Retaining ring
66 Gasket, Cylinder sleeve
Figure 5-4 Cylinder Sleeve Assembly

5-30
5.5.9 Piston and Piston Ring

a) Check the piston ring configurations for the L-series models by referring to the following table:
Table 5-9 Piston Ring Configurations of L-series

No. Position Item Name Shape Model
89 1st Piston ring with barrel face groove FC-PC-BF-G1
90 2nd Piston ring Tapered FC-T
100 3rd Oil ring with coil spring FC-PC-CB3
b) Set the piston ring to the piston [85] carefully in the

same method as in the disassembly procedure. Be
careful not to twist the ring or excessively widen the
end gap.
The piston rings have a marking on the end gap.
Install the piston rings from the bottom one (3rd →
2nd → 1st), with the marking facing upward.
c) After setting all piston rings, check that each piston
ring can freely move in the groove. A twisted ring
causes reluctant motions.
d) The end gap positions of piston rings shall be
separated by 120 degrees with each other.
5.5.10 Piston and Connecting Rod

a) Use the piston pin [86] to attach the piston to the small end of the connecting rod [77].
Each connecting rod is marked with the combination number and the cylinder number. The piston
must be attached to the connecting rod such that the orientation of the cylinder number marked on
top of the piston becomes the same as the orientation of the of combination number marked on the
connecting rod.
 Do not hit the piston pin directly by an iron hammer even if it is tight, as the end face may
be enlarged. Use a soft hammer or a pad, such as a Teflon block, for not to directly hit the
pin, and handle it with care.

5-31
b) After inserting the piston pin, set the piston pin lock spring
[87] in the ring groove of the piston pin hole on both sides of
the piston. Make sure that the piston pin lock spring is
securely engaged in the ring groove on both sides.
c) Attach the bearing halves onto the large end of the
connecting rod. The bearing halves are designed to fit with
the large end of the connecting rod by its own tension.
Align the protrusion at the end of the bearing halves with
the notch in the large end of the connecting rod and press
the bearing halves into place.
The bearing halves consists of the Bearing Halves (Top)
[84U] with an oil groove and oil hole and the lower Bearing
Halves (Bottom) [84L] without any oil groove or oil hole.
Fit the upper metal bearing to the connecting rod body and
fit the lower metal bearing to the rod cap of the connecting
rod.
 Precautions when installing the bearing halves
Before installing the bearing halves
・Check and remove burrs, dents, etc. on the large end of the
connecting rod and the mating surface (half split) of the
bearing halves.
・Make sure to check and remove foreign matter on the back
and surface of the bearing halves.
Failure to do so may result in a serious accident (wear,
burnout, etc.) after OH.
Figure 5-5 Piston and Connecting Rod
5.5.11 Cylinder Sleeve Assembly and Piston Rod Assembly

a) Turn the cylinder sleeve assembly to extract the lift pin out of the seat, and then raise the sleeve
assembly with its seat side down. “For pressure relief”
b) Hold the rod of piston rod assembly, apply lubricating oil to the piston and then mount it in the
cylinder. Mount the piston in the cylinder in such a way that by using the tapered portion of the piston
ring on the cylinder bottom side and apply force to press the ring into the groove.
c) Refrain from excessively pushing the piston into the cylinder and stop the motion in the middle of the
cylinder to return the cam ring to the original position.
d) Arrange the mounted assemblies in the order of mounting to the crankcase.
Assembling the cylinder and piston rod assembly

5-32
5.5.12 Installing the Piston and Cylinder Assembly in the Crankcase

If the unloader mechanism in the crankcase has been disassembled, reassemble the unloader in the
reverse order of the disassembly procedure by referring to Section 5.5.5 "Unloader Mechanism" in this
Chapter.
a) By pushing the unloader piston, adjust the positional relationship in such a way that the convex part
of unloader push rod will come to the center of the hole for inserting the crankcase cylinder.
Aligning the push rod convex part with the Adjustment by pushing the unloader piston
center of the hole for the cylinder
b) Start assembling from the top cylinder on the crankcase. Reconfirm the cut-out slot position and the
direction of sleeve lock nut.
c) Turn the crankshaft so that the crank pin of the cylinder for the piston and cylinder assembly will
reach the bottom dead center. As viewed from the cylinder hole of the crankcase, the oil holes of the
crank pin of the crankshaft will be seen in front of you.
d) Prepare the connecting rod cap that is paired with the
connecting rod of the cylinder assembly to be assembled.
Check that the three-digit combination numbers of the pair
agree.
e) Lay the cylinder assembly on its side and screw the eye
bolt of the disassembly tool into the thread hole at the
center of the recessed area on the head of the piston.
f) Align the cut-out of the cam ring with the protrusion of the
unloader push rod of the cylinder being assembled onto
the crankcase.
At this time, also set the cut-out portion of the retaining
ring [65] to align with the cut-out portion of the cam ring.
g) Insert the piston cylinder assembly as a whole into the
cylinder of the crankcase in due order, and adjust the
sleeve lock pin and the crankcase groove until the cam
ring cut-out slot and the push rod pin meet each other.
Then, push the assembly into the cylinder.
h) Once the large end of the connecting rod of the piston and
cylinder assembly has passed the inner hole of the
crankcase, support the assembly by your hand from
another cylinder hole on the crankcase while doing the
assembling work.
i) Once the lip of the cylinder sleeve is inside the crankcase,
hold the large end of the connecting rod in the direction of the crankshaft pin while gradually pushing
down the piston to engage the large end to the crank pin.

5-33
 If the piston is pushed without holding the large end of the connecting rod in the
direction of the crankshaft pin, the bottom end of the connecting rod can easily hit the
crank pin to give damage to it.
j) Attach the connecting rod fastening bolts [78]. Set the cut-out
portion of the bolt head (which prevents turning of the bolt) to
the cut-out portion of the rod body.
k) Mount the rod cap by making sure that the orientation of the
three-digit combination number on connecting rod cap is the
same as that of the connecting rod body. Use your hand to
attach a washer [79] to each of the connecting rod fastening
nut (1st nut) [80] and then attach the nuts. At this time,
double-check that the cut-out portion on the bolt head of the
fastening bolt, connecting bolt [78] is inserted into the cut-out
portion on the rod body.
m) Alternately fasten the first connecting rod fastening nuts [80]
and then tighten them with the specified torque.
Then, attach the second connecting rod fastening nuts [81]
and tighten them with the specified torque.
n) Hold the nut of the assembled connecting rod and try to
move it slightly to the right and left.
 If the rod does not move to the right and left, it may be the case that the connecting rod
cap is reversely mounted to the connecting rod or that the rod cap used is for a
different cylinder, which should be ascertained.
o) After completing the assembly of one cylinder, proceed to the assembly of the next cylinder.
Turn the crankshaft to the position so that the piston of the next cylinder to be assembled comes to
the bottom dead center.
At this time, the cylinder sleeve is not fixed in place. As the cylinder sleeve can be easily lifted when
the piston goes up, hold the lip of the cylinder sleeve while turning the crankshaft to a position
convenient for the assembly.
p) Repeat the above procedure until completing the assembly of the last cylinder. When completed,
check that there is no mistake in each part. After checking from the hand hole of the crankcase that
the three-digit combination numbers of each connecting rod agree with each other, the work to
mount the cylinder assemblies in the crankcase is complete.

5-34
5.5.13 Valve Plate

a) Set the suction valve springs [72] in the spring holes of the valve plate [73].
As the springs are slightly tapered, put the larger diameter end first in the spring hole, and then twist
it in the winding direction to press in the spring into the spring hole.
b) If the cylinder to mount the valve plate has the unloader mechanism, push in the unloader piston first
to set it in the loaded condition (push down the lift pin).
 If the above procedure is not followed and the valve plate is assembled with the lift pin
up, the suction plate valve can be easily broken or deformed to cause a failure such
as no compression (gas leak).
c) Fix the suction plate valve [71] to the valve plate [73] with your hands from the inside, and fix the
valve with bolts while holding it with one hand. After ensuring that the suction plate valve is not
misaligned, tighten the bolts.
Valve plate and suction plate valve Suction valve spring (ex.: cone form)
Attaching the valve plate
d) After assembling the suction plate valve and valve plate, ensure that the suction plate valve is
normally assembled by using a discharge valve assembly. (Refer to the next section of the
discharge valve assembly)
Mount the discharge valve assembly on the cylinder to be checked and manually turn the crankshaft
to ensure that a compression sound can be heard. Conduct this check for all the cylinders one by
one.
e) If no compression sound is heard, disassemble only the valve plate to check the suction plate valve.
f) Before proceeding with the next process, ensure that the same compression sound is heard after
reassembling and thus no problem has occurred in the assembling.

5-35
5.5.14 Discharge Valve Assembly

a) Mount the discharge valve spring [116] into the discharge valve
cage [109]. Push it in while twisting in the winding direction, just
like the suction valve spring.
b) Mount the discharge plate valve [110] and positioning pin [115].
Retain it with the discharge valve seat [111].
c) Tighten the bolts [112] to fix the valve seat on the top of the cage.
Be sure to fix the triangular turn stopper [112-2].
d) Tighten the bolts to the specified torque and check the valve
motion. Also, check that the bolt head is flush with the top surface
of the valve seat. If the head level of a bolt is lower than the valve
seat surface, the bolt may be an incorrect one. On the contrary, if
any bolt protrudes above the seat surface, it will hit the piston.
After checking, bend up the edge of the turn stopper.
e) Fix the cage at the specified position on the valve plate. In this
step, the valve plate is fixed with the bolts under the cage.
Figure 5-6 Valve Plate and

Plate Valve
Discharge valve assembly Checking the motion Fixing the assembly

components
Bending up the turn stopper tips After finishing the assembling

5-36
5.5.15 Unloader Piston Cover

a) Reconfirm the oil inlet in the crankcase and that for the unloader piston cover [146], and attach the
cover.
b) When mounting the cylinder sleeve and the valve plate with the cover displaced in order to push the
unloader piston (lower the lift pin), fix the cover with four unloader piston cover fastening bolts [149].
c) If the solenoid valve coil [205] has been removed, mount the coil.
Unloader piston cover and solenoid valve
5.5.16 Head Cover
 When installing the head covers, be sure to start the work from the lower cylinders
because working on the upper cylinder first may cause foreign matters to get into
inside the lower cylinder.
a) Screw the stud bolt for safety in the upper middle point on the head cover ([49] for air-cooled/[49] for
water-cooled).
b) Attach the Head cover gasket [51] to the case, adjust the bolt hole in the head cover to the stud bolt,
and attach the head cover. After tightening all the bolts [52] other than the stud bolt, remove the stud
bolt and tighten the fastening bolts.
c) Screw in the bolts one by one diagonally, and finally tighten them to the specified torque.
d) For water-cooled specifications, install the head jacket cover to the head cover.
In this, be careful about the position of the marking and correct orientation of the
cooling water pipe.
Assemble the unit with the end of the center rib of the head cover (see below left) facing the end of
the center rib of the head jacket cover (see below right).
In the case of the standard specification, the cooling water inlet/outlet side of the head jacket cover
will face the oil pump side of the compressor.
Head cover (water-cooled) Head jacket cover Tightening the jacket cover

5-37
5.5.17 Hand Hole Cover

a) Before mounting the hand hole cover, check that nothing is forgotten, such as proper tightening of
the connecting rod fastening nuts, or any foreign matter and tools in the crankcase.
b) There are two types of hand hole cover: with a window [45] and without a window [46]. Mount the
hand hole cover with window [45] on the side where it is easier to check the oil level.
c) Mount the stud bolt for safety in the upper middle point of the hand hole in the case.
d) Attach the hand hole cover gasket [47] and hand hole cover, and then screw the hand hole cover
fastening bolts [48].
e) After tightening all the bolts [48] other than the stud bolt, remove the stud bolt and tighten the
fastening bolts to the specified torque.
Hand hole cover with a window
5.5.18 Oil Cooler and Piping

a) Place and incline the oil cooler in the oil receiving container to drain remaining old lubricating oil from
the oil cooler.
 In this operation, use a sufficiently large container so that the drained oil will not
overflow. Also, fix the oil cooler during draining to prevent it from falling down.
b) Connect the oil piping. Use a pair of wrenches so that the thread of piping connection will not be
damaged and connect the pipes securely before fastening.
c) Mount the external oil piping.
Be sure to mount all the pipes that have been removed during disassembly, including the unloader
pipe and pressure pipes of pressure gauges. Before assembling the pipes, use compressed air to
blow out any foreign matters inside pipes and clean them. Securely tighten the pipe joints.

5-38
5.5.19 Cooling Water Pipe

The braided high pressure hoses shall be attached along the cooling line, by selecting proper length of
the hose. In the case of black braided high pressure hoses, brand-new hoses must be used for each
overhaul.
a) Attach the braided high pressure hose to the hose nipple
after passing it through the hose band. When connecting
the braided high pressure hose to the hose nipple, be
sure to push in the hose end approximately 15 mm further
than the last lock notch of the hose nipple as shown in the
figure.
b) Clamp the braided high pressure hose by the hose band.
The hose nipple has three notches to prevent
disengagement. Securely tighten the hose band after
setting the position of the hose band such that the two
wires of the hose band will bite into the two notches on
the nipple.
If the hose has been removed together with the flange,
such as the one at the head jacket cover, replace the
gasket on the flange with a new gasket. Also, after
fastening the flange, check that the hose band is securely tightened as shown in the above right
picture.
 If the hose band is not sufficiently tightened, it can not only cause cooling water
leakage, but also lead to spraying out of the cooling water on the motor or control
panel when the hose is disengaged, to lead to a failure of such electric systems. So,
be careful to securely tighten the band.
Check the fastening condition of hose bands periodically.
5.5.20 Airtightness Test and Evacuation

a) After the assembly work has been completed, use nitrogen gas to perform airtightness test of the
compressor.
During the test, check that there is no leak from the gaskets, pipe joints, and plugs that have been
worked on.
b) After the airtightness test has been completed, discharge the nitrogen gas in the compressor from
the purge valve.
c) Connect a T-joint to the outlet of the compressor gas purge valve, connect a vacuum gauge at one
end and vacuum pump suction inlet to the other end to perform the evacuation.
d) Fill the lubricating oil while the system is being evacuated.
Figure 5-7 Connection for Evacuation

5-39
5.5.21 Lubricating oil Filling

a) Fill fresh lubricating oil. Confirm the brand of lubricating oil before filling.
b) Fill the oil cooler with the lubricating oil through the oil cooler inlet (initial oil supply valve) so that the
lubricating oil will be fed to each sliding part upon the system startup.
c) After completing the lubricating oil charging, another evacuation is recommended.
Initial oil supply
To each part
Cooling water
Cooling water
Figure 5-8 Charging Via the Initial Oil Supply Valve at the Oil Cooler Inlet
5.5.22 Connection with the Drive Unit

a) Mount the flywheel (pulley) or the coupling hub on the crankshaft and install the V-belts or the
coupling assembly.
b) For your safety, be sure to mount the belt cover or the coupling guard.

5-40
Table 6-1 Troubleshooting
 The motor does not start

Symptom Possible cause Result Action to take
The motor won't Motor failure Circuit breaker Inspection, repair, or replacement
start with is opened.
hum-sound Motor burnt out
The belt tension is too high. Circuit breaker Adjustment.
is opened.
Motor burnt
out.
Voltage drop Circuit breaker
is opened.
Motor burnt
out.
Failure or (near-)seizure of Motor burnt Inspection, repair, or replacement
cylinder sleeve, piston, piston out.
ring, or bearing metal (sealing) Seizure of
(if the pulley cannot be turned by sleeve, piston,
hand after removing the belt.) and/or sealing
device.
Poor or wrong wiring in the Burn-out of Inspection and repair
automatic control or (single parts in the
phase) electrical system. automated
system or
others.
No response when The circuit breaker is opened. Inoperable Inspection and replacement
the magnet switch Contact failure of the magnet Inoperable Inspection, repair, or replacement
button is pressed. switch, or protection switch is left
activated.
Broken wire Inoperable Inspection, repair, or replacement
After activation of OP (low oil Inoperable Reset the device.
pressure protection device) or HP
(abnormal high pressure
protection device), it is left as it is
or not reset.
The power turns Wiring error (in the automatic Inoperable Inspection and repair
on only when the control system)
magnet button is Contact failure of any auxiliary Inoperable Inspection, repair, or replacement
kept pressed. contact, etc.
The motor stops OP (low oil pressure protection Inoperable
soon after the device) has operated. Seizure of
startup. (a) Insufficient amount of sliding surface (a) Supply oil.
lubricant of the
compressor
(b) Oil pressure is too low. (b) Adjust the oil pressure.
HP (abnormal high pressure Motor burn-out
protection) has operated due to or inoperable
excessively high discharge
pressure.
(a) The condenser is full of (a) Purge non-condensing gas.
non-condensing gas.
(b) The suction pressure is too (b) Reduce the load.
high.

6-1
 The motor does not start (continued)

The motor stops Due to liquid flow-back, the oil Inoperable Inspection, repair, or operation
soon after the pressure cannot be increased, adjustment.
startup. and OP (low oil pressure Replace the lubricating oil in the
protection device) has operated. crank case, or supply warm oil after
sucking the refrigerant in the crank
case using another compressor.
Wiring error between automatic Burn-out of Inspection and repair
control system and magnet control system
switch. components.
Overload relay has operated, or Unable to Wait until the bimetal is cooled down
the bimetal temperature of OP startup (about 5 minutes). In the case of OP
(low oil pressure protection (low oil pressure protection device),
device) is high. switch to manual operation to startup
the motor and switch back to
automatic mode after 10 minutes.
Note that the cause of the failure
must be identified and corrected.
 Abnormally high pressure

The condenser is The flow of the cooling water is Operation of Increase the amount of cooling
warmer than insufficient, or the water HP or safety water, or lower the water
normal temperature is too high. valve, and temperature.
increased
power
consumption
Head cover is The flow of the cooling water is Operation of Adjust the amount of cooling water,
overheated. insufficient, or the cooling pipe is HP or safety or clean the cooling pipe.
contaminated. valve, and
increased
power
consumption
Warm cooling Fan failure or clogging of spray Reduced Inspection, repair, or cleaning
water of the nozzle or strainer cooling
evaporator- capacity
condenser
The top of the The refrigerant or lubricating oil Reduced
condenser is has accumulated in the cooling
warm, but the condenser to reduce the cooling capacity
bottom is not. area.
In addition, the (a) Clogging between the (a) Inspection, adjustment, or
crank case can condenser and receiver removal of problem
easily get frosted.
(b) Over charge of the (b) Discharge the excess
refrigerant (refrigerant is refrigerant.
contained in the condenser
since the receiver is already
full)
The needle of the (a) Air in the condenser, or Reduced (a) Purge the air from the air purge
discharge pressure failure of the discharge cooling valve.
gauge swings and pressure gauge. capacity
the condenser is (b) The oil separator is full of (b) Discharge the excess
somewhat warm. lubricating oil, closing the lubricating oil.
path of the gas.

6-2
 Discharge pressure is too low

The liquid pipe is The liquid pipe or suction pipe is Reduced Valve adjustment, inspection, and
frosted and suction obstructed. capacity cleaning
pressure becomes
vacuum
The crank case is Wet compression due to Liquid Narrow the opening of the expansion
frosted, and the excessive opening of the hammering valve while running the compressor.
head cover is also expansion valve (suction may occur, and
cold. temperature is low due to liquid the discharge
flow-back). part of the
compressor
may be
damaged.
Suction pressure is Insufficient amount of refrigerant No cooling Fill the refrigerant.
low, and some
hissing sound is
heard from the
expansion valve.
Suction pressure is Gas leakage due to wear of the Degraded Inspection, repair, and/or
high. suction plate valve, discharge capacity and replacement of the plate valve part
plate valve, or piston ring. baking of the and piston rings
sleeve
 The suction pressure is too high.

Crankcase is The opening of the expansion Liquid Operational adjustment (Narrow the
frosted. valve is too wide. hammering opening of the expansion valve)
occurs.
Increased current. Increased load Motor burnt Operational adjustment
out.
Discharge Degraded performance of the No cooling Overhaul and parts replacement
pressure is low. No compressor (possible crack in the
frost on the suction suction/discharge plate valve
side. line, etc.) or gas leakage from the
safety valve.

6-3
 Suction pressure is too low

Cold room Insufficient amount of refrigerant No cooling Charge the refrigerant or adjust the
temperature or or too narrow opening of the operational parameters.
brine temperature expansion valve.
is too high,
compared with the
level of suction
pressure.
Liquid flow-back (a) Lubricating oil is contained No cooling (a) Discharge lubricating oil from
occurs when the in the cooling pipe. the drain valve.
expansion valve is (b) Excessive formation of frost (b) Remove the frost or ice.
opened. or ice on the cooling pipe
Since the initial The size of the cooling pipe and No cooling Investigate and improve any errors in
operation, the suction pipe is too small for the the design or piping work.
suction pressure length or the resistance is too
has been too low high.
for the cold room
temperature or
brine temperature.
Suction pressure is Clogging of the suction filter Cleaning
lower than it was
during the initial
operation.
 Abnormal noise during operation

Generation of (a) Existence of foreign matter Possible (a) Disassembly, repair, and/or
continuous metallic in the compression block. damage to the replacement
noise (b) Damaged discharge plate discharge and (b) Disassembly and replacement
valve, suction plate valve, suction blocks
and/or piston ring.
High temperature Wear, seizure, or damage of the Possible Disassembly and replacement (note
in the shaft seal metal damage in the that the oil supply pipe may be
area compression clogged)
block or
bearing wear.
Damaged oil pump Possible wear Stop operation, investigate the
cause, and replace the part.
Crankcase is Liquid flow-back Damage in the Stop operation, investigate the
frosted. discharge block cause, and replace the part.
and piston or Narrow the opening of the expansion
bearing wear valve while running the compressor.
If it is very severe, first close the
suction stop valve and gradually
open it.
High discharge Oil hammering Damage in the Prevent oil loss (if it occurs together
noise from the discharge block with liquid flow-back, also apply the
head cover and/or piston above measures.)

6-4
 Overheating of the crankcase

Overheating of the Increased compression ratio Oil loss by Increase the amount of condenser
head cover (when (increased condenser burning and cooling water or lower the water
the discharge temperature and/or refrigerant carbon temperature.
pressure is high load) attachment
and suction Carbonization of lubricant due to Wear or Disassembly, inspection, and
pressure is low) increased discharge damage of the cleaning or replacement
temperature, accumulation of metal or sleeve
carbide, and the resulting seizure
blocking of the path of the gas.
Damaged discharge valve plate Reduced Disassembly, inspection, and
or gas leakage cooling replacement
capacity
Gas leak from safety valve Reduced Decrease the discharge pressure or
cooling adjust the safety valve.
capacity
Increased oil Failure of oil cooler, insufficient Increased wear Clean oil cooler and increase cooling
temperature lubricating oil, contamination of due to water.
oil, or heating of pump due to decreased oil Replace lubricating oil.
clogging of oil filter. viscosity Clean the oil filter.
Impeded flow of Insufficient amount of cooling Wear or Replace degraded lubricating oil,
the compressor water or clogging in the water seizure of the clean, and increase the cooling
jacket cooling path metal and/or water.
water carbon
attachment to
the discharge
block
The shaft seal part Imminent seizure of the sliding Seizure or Repair or replacement.
is especially hot. part damage of the
sliding part

6-5
 Excessive oil consumption

Crankcase is Lubricant foaming due to liquid Inoperable Operational adjustment
easily frosted. flow-back.
Particularly frequent during
negative pressure operation.
No apparent Closure of the pressure Low oil Inspect and clean up the crankcase,
abnormality is equalizing hole of the crankcase pressure or clean up the suction filter.
found (or too wide opening in the case
under the negative pressure
operation) or clogging of the
suction filter
Piston ring wear Piston ring replacement

Wear of the cylinder sleeve Replacement
Improper mounting of the piston Reassemble it correctly.
ring
Missing to attach the pressure Attach it properly.
equalizing pipe
Wear of the unloader piston case Replace the piston case, or mount a
rubber-lined special unloader
Head cover is When the discharge temperature Carbon deposit Adjust the operation parameters to
overheated. is increased, the amount of oil lower the discharge temperature.
vapor increases.
The bottom of the Clogged separator Low oil Inspection and adjustment
separator can be Failure of the float valve. pressure
touched by hand.
Oil level goes Too frequent start/stop cycles Low oil level Reduce the number of start/stop
down after cycles.
increased
start/stop cycles
Oil level goes Phased unloading has not been Foaming Perform loading/unloading gradually.
down when performed (i.e., sudden
unloaded unloading)

6-6
 No cooling
Symptom Possible cause Action to take
Suction pressure does Insufficient capacity
not go down. (a) Compressor (a) Inspect the system. If it is found
normal, add more capacity.
(b) Condenser (b) Inspect the system. If it is found
normal, add more capacity.
Increased load If it is only a temporary increase,
continue the operation.
If it continues, add more capacity.
Insufficient thermal insulation or degradation Review, reconstruct, and/or repair
Abnormally high pressure Reduce the discharge pressure
(increase flow of cooling water, add
condenser, clean condenser, air
vent, etc.)
Gas leakage Inspection and repair

Suction pressure is low Overheated run (excessive closure of the Adjust (open) the expansion valve.
(with no frost on the expansion valve)
suction pipe, and it Insufficient length of the cooling pipe. Add capacity.
easily causes liquid
flow-back) Excessive frost on the cooling tube. Remove frost.
Lubricating oil is contained in the cooling pipe. Discharge the oil.
Aperture of the suction line Rework on the pipe system
Discharge pressure is Insufficient cooling water or increased water Increase the water flow
high temperature
Insufficient capacity of the condenser Add capacity.
Contamination on the cooling surface of Cleaning
condenser
Discharge pressure is Overcharging of the refrigerant Discharge the refrigerant to a proper
high (the bottom of the level.
condenser is cold, the Clogging in the discharge line pipe Rework on the pipe system
receiver is full)
Excessive oil loss Piston ring wear Replacement
(increased discharge Galling Inspection and repair
temperature)
Gas leakage Inspection and repair

6-7

7.1 Development Views
Figure 7-1 Exploded View around the Cylinder
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.1 Development Views

7-1
Figure 7-2 Exploded View around the Case 4L

7-2

7-3

7-4
7.2 Parts Configuration Table

Table 7-1 Parts Configuration
Q'ty
No. Part Name Part No. Remarks
4L 6L 8L
1 Crankcase CR00100-L04 4L, mm scale 1 - -
1 Crankcase CR00100-L06 6L, mm scale - 1 -
1 Crankcase CR00100-L08 8L, mm scale - - 1
2 Crankshaft Assembly CR00209-ALL04 4L 1 - -
2 Crankshaft Assembly CR00209-ALL06 6L - 1 -
2 Crankshaft Assembly CR00209-ALL08 8L - - 1
3 Drive Pin, Retainer (Spring Pin) NE3203-008 Φ3 × 8 W type 1 1 1
20 × 12 × 90
4 Pulley Key CR00400-L 1 1 1
(rounded at one end)
5 Flat Washer, Pulley CR00500-BL BΦ90 1 1 1
6 Lock Washer, Pulley CR00600-AB AB M27 1 1 1
7 Set Bolt, Pulley CR00700-AB AB M27 × 1.5 × 50 1 1 1
w/ gasket, oil pump
8 Bearing Housing CR0089-ZL 1 1 1
integrated type
9 Gasket ,Bearing Housing CR00900-L2 Lt = 0.5 1 1 1
10 Fastening bolt, Bearing housing NB111012-045 M12 × 45 10 10 10
12 Main Bushing CR01200-L L 1 1 1
Φ4 × L8, one side
13 Fixing pin, Thrust washer NE3204-008F 4 4 4
chamfered
26 Cover, Shaft Seal CR77100-L L 1 1 1
27 Gasket, Shaft Seal Cover CR77200-L Lt = 0.5 1 1 1
28 Fastening Bolt, Shaft Seal Cover NB15510-035 M10 × 35 10 10 10
29 Thrust Bearing CR02900-L L 1 1 1
F100
29-4 Thrust Washer CR02900-L1 Common to the main 2 2 2
thrust
Common to the type
30 Washer, Thrust Bearing Fastening Bolt CR03000-AB 6 6 6
A, for M10
Small Hexagonal Bolt
31 Fastening Bolt, Thrust Bearing NBS14010-30 6 6 6
M10 × 30
32 Mechanical Seal Assembly CR03200-L1H L (HNBR) 1 1 1
Cover, Hand Hole (with Window), with
45 CR0459-L01 L: w/ gasket 1 1 1
Gasket
Cover, Hand Hole (without Window),
46 CR0459-L03 L: w/ gasket 1 1 1
with Gasket
47 Gasket, Hand Hole Cover CR04700-L L t = 0.5 2 2 2
48 Fastening Bolt, Hand Hole Cover NB111012-040 M12 × 40 32 32 32
Compatible with
49 Head Cover CR0499-L water-cooled and 2 3 4
air-cooled L models
51 Gasket, Head Cover CR05100-L L t = 0.5 2 3 4
52 Fastening Bolt, Head Cover NB111012-040 M12 × 40 40 60 80
53 Cover, Head Jacket CR83200-L L1 (MM) 2 3 4
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.2 Parts Configuration Table

7-5
Q'ty
4L 6L 8L
54 Fastening Bolt, Head Jacket Cover NB17010-025 SUS M10 × 25 24 36 48
55 Gasket, Head Jacket Cover CR05500-L L t = 0.5 2 3 4
61 Cylinder Sleeve with Gasket CR0619-L L: w/ gasket 4 6 8
- Cylinder Sleeve Assembly with Gasket CR06100-ZLL L: w/ left gasket 4 6 8
61-1 Alignment Pin, Cylinder Sleeve NE3203-008 Φ3 × 8 4 6 8
62L Cam Ring (left down) CR06200-LL L 4 4 6
65 Retaining Ring CR06500-L L 4 6 8
66 Gasket, Cylinder sleeve CR06600-L L 4 6 8
68 Lift Pin CR06800-L L 24 24 36
- Lift Pin Set CR0689-L8 L: 6 pins/set 4 4 6
69 Spring, Lift pin CR06900-A A 24 - -
69 Spring, Lift pin CR06900-B B 24 24 36
- Lift Pin Set CR0689-L8 L: 6 pins/set 4 4 6
70 Retaining ring (E-ring), Lift pin NG13-E4 E4 24 24 36
71 Suction Plate Valve CR07100-L L 4 6 8
72 Spring, Suction Valve CR11600-AB4CH For Freon IV type 24 36 48
For cone-shaped NH3
72 Spring, Suction Valve CR11600-C 20 30 40
type
- Spring Set, Suction Valve CR0729-LNZ2-1 For Freon: 4 pcs/set 4 6 8
- Spring Set, Suction Valve CR0729-LF13-1 For R134a: 5 pcs/set 4 6 8
- Spring Set, Suction Valve CR0729-NL For NH3: 5 pcs/set 4 6 8
73 Valve Plate L/R CR07300-FL For Freon type 4 6 8
73 Valve Plate L/NH3 CR07300-NL For NH3 type 4 6 8
73-1 Fastening Bolt, Valve Plate NB15510-030P1 M10 × 30 14 21 28
73-2 Washer, Valve Plate Fastening Bolt M10 (small, round) 14 21 28
75 Fastening Bolt, Discharge Valve Cage NB14010-050 M10 × 1.0 × 50 16 24 32
Fastening Bolt, Discharge Valve Cage
75 - M10 × 1.0 × 45 30 45 60
Guide
Alignment Pin (Parallel Pin), Discharge
75-2 NE2006-018 Φ6 × 18 8 12 16
Valve Cage
77 Connecting Rod Assembly CR07609-LM L 4 6 8
78 Fastening Bolt, Connecting Rod CR07800-L L M10 8 12 16
- Fastening Bolt Set, Connecting Rod CR0789-L L 8 12 16
79 Washer, Connecting Rod CR07900-K M10 (small, round) 8 12 16
80 Fastening Nut (1st), Rod CR08000-K L M10 8 12 16
81 Fastening Nut (2nd), Rod CR08000-K L M10 8 12 16
82 Roll Bushing, Rod CR08200-LF L LP8-2F 4 6 8
84U Bearing Halves (Top) CR08400-LU L MAE-CR-U 4 6 8
84L Bearing Halves (Bottom) CR08400-LL L MAE-CR-L 4 6 8
- Bearing Halves (Top and Bottom) CR0849-L L 4 6 8
85 Piston CR08500-ALLMH L 4 6 8
86 Piston Pin CR08600-L LΦ34 × 99 4 6 8

7-6
Q'ty
4L 6L 8L
87 Lock Spring, Piston Pin CR08700-L 8 12 16
- Lock Spring Set, Piston Pin CR0879-L L: 2 pcs/set 4 6 8
89 Piston Ring CR08900-LFCBFG1 1st (L, FC-PC-BFG1) 4 6 8
90 Piston Ring CR08900-LFCT 2nd (L, FC-T) 4 6 8
100 Oil Control Ring CR08900-LFCBC3 3rd (L, FC-PC-BC3) 4 6 8
- Piston Ring Set CR0899-L L 4 6 8
- Discharge Valve Assembly, L (HS) CR10800-LHS For HS specification 4 6 8
- Discharge Valve Assembly, L/NH3 CR10800-LN For NH3 4 6 8
109 Discharge Valve Cage, L/R CR10900-LR For Freon 4 6 8
109 Discharge Valve Cage, LN CR10900-LN For NH3 4 6 8
110 Discharge Plate Valve CR11000-L L 4 6 8
111 Discharge Valve Seat CR11100-L L 4 6 8
112 Fastening Bolt, Discharge Valve Cage NB111008-035 M8 × 35 12 18 24
Turn Stopper, Hexagonal Head Bolt for
112-2 CR112-2-L L: t = 0.8 4 6 8
Valve Seat
Alignment Pin (Parallel Pin), Discharge
115 NE2006-018 Φ6 × 18 4 6 8
Valve Seat
116 Spring, Discharge Valve CR11600-AB4CH For Freon IV type 32 48 64
For cone-shaped NH3
116 Spring, Discharge Valve CR11600-C 24 36 48
type
- Spring Set, Discharge Valve CR1169-LNZ2 For Freon: 8 pcs/set 4 6 8
- Spring Set, Discharge Valve CR1169-LF13 For R134a: 12 pcs/set 4 6 8
- Spring Set, Discharge Valve CR1169-NL For NH3: 6 pcs/set 4 6 8
118 Hexagonal Nipple (R1/2) NF01-04 PT15A 1 1 1
119 Oil Filter CR1239-C C #200 for Freon 1 1 1
119 Oil Filter CR1239-CH C (with soler) for NH3 1 1 1
135 Push Rod, Unloader (1) CR13509-L081 L = 371 1 1 1
136 Push Rod, Unloader (2) CR13509-L082 L = 401 1 1 1
137 Push Rod, Unloader (3) CR13509-L083 L = 431 - - 1
142 Spring, Unloader device CR14200-A A 2 2 3
143 Washer, Unloader push rod CR14300-C C 32 × 20 × 3 2 2 3
144 Retaining ring, unloader push rod NG12-020 For S20 shaft 2 2 3
145 Unloader Piston CR14500-C C 2 2 3
Cover, Unloader Piston (Solenoid Valve
146+205 KF121A-B K SB36A 2 2 3
Integrated)
145+205 Cover, Unloader Piston (Body+Coil)) KF121A-100-P SB36A 100V 2 2 3
145+205 Cover, Unloader Piston (Body+Coil)) KF121A-B SB36A Common 2 2 3
147 Gasket, Unloader Cover CR14700-K K 2 2 3
149 Fastening Bolt, Unloader Piston Cover NB15508-035 M8 × 35 8 8 12

7-7
Q'ty
4L 6L 8L
164 Glass, Oil Sight CR16400-AB 70D A/B 1 1 1
JW1516 P35
165 O-ring, Oil Sight Glass, JW1516 P35 PA61-H90-035 AS568A-332 BUNA 2 2 2
N90
166 Gland, Oil Sight CR16600-AB 70D 3/8 1 1 1
167 Fastening Bolt, Oil Sight Gland NB15510-030 M10 × 30 4 4 4
168 Elbow, Discharge CR16800-L100 8L 100A - 1 1
169 Gasket, Discharge Elbow CR72000-080N MYK 80A - 1 -
169 Gasket, Discharge Elbow CR72000-090N MYK 90A - - 1
170 Fastening Bolt, Discharge Elbow NB111020-050 SCM435 M20 × 50 - 4 4
Washer, Discharge Elbow Fastening
170 NB15520-055 M20×55 - 4 4
Bolt
Washer, Discharge Elbow Fastening
170-1 ND422-20 M20 - 4 4
Bolt
Gasket, Discharge Service Valve and
172 CR73900-K080 K 80A - 1 -
Elbow
Gasket, Discharge Service Valve and
172 CR73900-K100 K 100A - - 1
Elbow
173 Service Valve, Suction CR73120-080 SRV. 80A 1 - -
173 Service Valve, Suction CR73120-100 SRV. 100A - 1 1
Companion Flange, Suction Service
173-1 CR73800-K080 K 80A 1 - -
Valve
173-1 CR73800-K100 K 100A - 1 1
Valve
Gasket, Companion Flange, Suction
173-2 CR18200-K080 K 80A 1 - -
Service Valve
Gasket, Companion Flange, Suction
173-2 CR73800-K100 K 100A - 1 1
Service Valve
Fastening Bolt, Suction Service Valve
173B NB111020-050 M20 × 50 4 4 4
and Companion Flange
174 Fastening Bolt, Suction Service Valve NB111016-140 M16 × 140 4 - -
174 Fastening Bolt, Suction Service Valve NB111020-190 M20 × 190 - 4 4
175 Case, Suction Filter CR76500-L08 8L 100A - 1 1
176 Gasket, Suction Filter Case CR72000-100N MYK 100A, body side - 1 1
177 Fastening Bolt, Suction Filter Case NB111022-055 M22 × 55 - 4 4
177-1 Fastening Bolt, Suction Filter Case ND422-22 M22, star washer - 4 4
178 Suction Filter CR76400-L4 4L 80A 1 - -
178 Suction Filter CR76400-L8 8L 100A - 1 1
179 Suction Filter Cover CR76700-L08 8L - 1 1
Same as Scale Trap
179 Suction Filter Cover CR17900-A068 1 - -
Cover type 6, 8A
Same as Suction End
180 Gasket, Suction Filter Cover CR16200-BN Cover Gasket type B, - 1 1
Part No.162
Same as Scale Trap
180 Gasket, Suction Filter Cover CR18000-A068N Cover Gasket type 6, 1 - -
8A, Part No.180
181 Fastening Bolt, Suction Filter Cover NB111012-040 M12 × 40 4 8 8
182 Service Valve, Discharge CR73120-065 SRV. 65A 1 - -

7-8
Q'ty
4L 6L 8L
182 Service Valve, Discharge CR73120-080 SRV. 80A - 1 -
182 Service Valve, Discharge CR73120-100 SRV. 100A - - 1
182-3 CR73800-K065 K 65A 1 - -
Valve
182-3 CR73800-K080 K 80A - 1 -
Valve
182-3 CR73800-K100 K 100A - - 1
Valve
Gasket, Companion Flange, Discharge
182-2 CR18200-K065 K 65A 1 - -
Service Valve
182-2 CR18200-K080 K 80A - 1 -
Service Valve
182-2 CR18200-K100 K 100A - - 1
Service Valve
Fastening Bolt, Companion Flange,
182B NB111016-045 M16 × 45 4 - -
Discharge Service Valve
Fastening Bolt, Companion Flange,
182B NB111020-050 M20 × 50 - 4 4
Discharge Service Valve
183 Mounting Bolt, Discharge Service Valve NB111016-130 M16 × 130 4 - -
183 Mounting Bolt, Discharge Service Valve NB111016-140 M16 × 140 - 4 -
183 Mounting Bolt, Discharge Service Valve NB111020-190 M20 × 190 - - 4
Mounting Gasket, Suction Service
184 CR73900-K080 K 80A 1 - -
Valve
Mounting Gasket, Suction Service
184 CR73900-K100 K 100A - 1 1
Valve
185 Oil Cooler (water-cooled) CR18500-TBW T-TCF-0.25-0617P 1 1 1
- Gasket, T-TCF Cover, A CR18500-GA 1 1 1
- Gasket, T-TCF Cover, B CR18500-GB 1 1 1
M8 × 35-45H
186-1 Mounting Bolt, Water-cooled Oil Cooler - 4 4 4
(hexagonal socket)
Direct Expansion Oil Cooler Mounting
186-1 - M12 × 25/M12 4 4 4
Bolt
Nut, Mounting Bolt, Oil Cooler
186-2 - M8 4 4 4
(water-cooled)
Direct Expansion Oil Cooler Mounting
186-2 - M12 4 4 4
Nut
197 Thermometer and Case LC1103314 L (R3/8) 0 + 200°C 1 1 1
199 Thermometer and Case LC1103311 L (R3/8) −50 + 50°C 1 1 1
208 Eye Bolt NB600-16 M16 - 2 2
208 Eye Bolt NB600-20 M20 1 - -
214 Safety Valve, Internal CR21400-LM B566LDN-250P 1 1 1
Oval Flange for Water Cooled Head
234 - 4 6 8
Cover
Oval Flange Gasket for Water Cooled
235 CR71900-1 HF20 4 6 8
Head Cover
Oval Flange for Water Cooled Head
236 NB17010-025 SUS M10×25 8 12 16
Cover Fastening Bolt
305 Gas Equalizer CR80700-02 L 1 1 1
- Packing, Gas Equalizer CR80800-02 L 1 1 1

7-9
Q'ty
4L 6L 8L
- V-pulley CR70700-L08 Type L 380D × C8 1 1 1
- Gasket Set, N4L CR7118-NL4 - - -
- Disassembly Tool Set CR70400-L L - - -

7-10
7.3 Configuration of Plate Valves and Associated Parts

This section lists the configuration of various types of suction/discharge valves and associated parts
according to the different types of refrigerant.
Table 7-2 Suction Plate Valve Components

Part No.
Refrigerant Part Name Specification
Single Set
Valve Plate - CR07300-NL -
Cone-shaped
NH3 Spring CR11600-C CR0729-NL
spring × 5
Suction Plate Valve - CR07100-L -
R22 Valve Plate NZ2 CR07300-FL -
R404A Spring Type IV × 4 CR11600-AB4 CR0729-LNZ2
R507A
Valve Plate F13 CR10900-LF13 -
R134a Spring Type IV × 5 CR11600-AB4 CR0729-LF13
Table 7-3 Discharge Plate Valve Components

Part No.
Refrigerant Part name Specification
Single Set
Discharge Valve
- CR10900-LN CR10800-LN
Cage
Cone-shaped
NH3 Spring CR11600-C CR1169-NL
spring × 6
Discharge Plate
- CR11000-L -
Valve
Discharge Valve
NZ2 CR10900-LR -
Cage
R22
R404A Spring Type IV × 8 CR11600-AB4 CR1169-LNZ2
R507A Discharge Plate
- CR11000-L -
Valve
Discharge Valve
F13 CR10900-LF13 -
Cage
R134a Spring Type IV × 12 CR11600-AB4 CR11600-LF13
Discharge Plate
- CR11000-L -
Valve
Table 7-4 NH3 Refrigerant for Suction and Discharge Plate Valves (HS specification)
Part No.
Discharge/Suction Part name Specification
Single Set
Valve Plate - CR07300-LHS -
Cone-shaped
Suction Spring CR11600-C CR0729-NL
spring × 5
DV Cage NZ2 CR10900-LHS CR10800-LHS
Cone-shaped
Discharge Spring CR11600-C CR1169-NL
spring × 6
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.3 Configuration of Plate Valves and Associated Parts
7-11
7.4 List of Tightening Torques for Bolts and Nuts

Table 7-5 Tightening Torques for Bolts and Nuts
Tightening
No. Part name Size Torque
N·m kg·cm
7 Pulley Set Bolt M27 × 1.5 × 50 380 3800
10 Bearing Housing Tightening Bolt M12 × 45 80 800
28 Shaft Seal Cover Fastening Bolt M10 × 45 40 400
31 Thrust Bearing Fastening Bolt M10 × 30 (small) 40 400
48 Hand Hole Cover Fastening Bolt M12 × 40 80 800
52 Head Cover Fastening Bolt M12 × 40 80 800
54 Head Jacket Cover Fastening Bolt SUS M10 × 25 40 400
73-1 Valve Plate Fastening Bolt M10 × 1.0 × 30 (small) 40 400
75 Discharge Valve Cage Fastening Bolt M10 × 1.0 × 45 (small) 40 400
80 Fastening Nut (1st), Rod M10 (small) 50 500
81 Fastening Nut (2nd), Rod M10 (small) 35 350
112 Discharge Valve Seat Fastening Bolt M8 × 30 30 300
112 Discharge Valve Seat Fastening Bolt M8 × 40, for HS 30 300
149 Unloader Piston Cover Fastening Bolt M8 × 35 40 400
167 Oil Sight Gland Fastening Bolt M10 × 30 (small) 40 400
170 80A Discharge Elbow Fastening Bolt 6L M20 × 50 160 1600
170 100A Discharge Elbow Fastening Bolt 8L M20 × 55 160 1600
177 100A Suction Filter Case Fastening Bolt M22 × 55 300 3000
181 Suction Filter Cover Fastening Bolt M12 × 40 80 800
Fastening Bolt, Companion Flange, Discharge
182B
Service Valve 4L 65A
M16 × 45 120 1200
182B
M20 × 50 160 1600
182B
M20 × 50 160 1600
182B 65A Companion Flange Fastening Bolt M16 × 45 120 1200
183 Mounting Bolt, Discharge Service Valve 4L M16 × 130 120 1200
Direct Expansion Oil Cooler Mounting Bolt/Nut
186-1
(186-2)
M12 × 25/M12 80 800
Water-cooled Oil Cooler Mounting Bolt/Nut
186-1
(186-2)
M8 × 35/M8 30 300
Oval Flange for Water Cooled Head Cover
236
Fastening Bolt
SUS M10 × 25 40 400
75 Discharge Valve Cage Guide Fastening Bolt M10 × 1.0 × 45 (small), for HS 40 400
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.4 List of Tightening Torques for Bolts and Nuts
7-12
7.5 Criteria for Replacement of Parts
7.5.1 Filters and the Like

When cleaning the wire mesh, check for any broken mesh or separation of soldered parts.
If any defect is found, be sure to repair it or replace it with a new one.
 Soldering of stainless steel parts requires the use of a special flux.
• If any foreign matter is caught in the fine mesh and cannot be removed, apply compressed air from
the downstream side against the liquid flow to blow it out.
• The oil strainer is a corrugated cylindrical filter with a wide passage area.
If any clogging is found, use compressed air to blow it out from the inside of the filter element.
7.5.2 Crankshaft
 Padding of the crankshaft cannot be made due to the nature of the material. Any padding
(ex.: by welding or plating) can cause the crankshaft to break.
a) Check that each bearing point of the crankshaft is not excessively worn. A significant wear will
develop a step between the sliding part and the non-sliding part of the bearing. Check for any step
visually or by touching the surface.
b) Use a micrometer to measure the shaft diameter at various worn points of the bearings. If the
measured diameter is less than the limit shown in the table below, replace the crankshaft.
Figure 7-5 Crankshaft Diameter Measurement Point
(mm)
L-series
Measurement Point Nominal
Use Limit
Dimension
Crank pin part D1 82.0 81.83
Thrust bearing part D2 85.0 84.86
Main bearing part D3 85.0 84.86
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.5 Criteria for Replacement of Parts

7-13
c) Check that there is no flaw on each sliding surface of the crankshaft. If any flaw is found, use a
piece of sand paper (#800 or finer) or grind stone to correct the flaw.
d) Remove all plugs attached to the crankshaft and clean the oil holes. After they have been cleaned,
check that oil can flow through the holes. Attach each plug as soon as the check is done. Missing
to attach any plug can result in a seizure accident due to insufficient oil pressure.
e) Check that the shaft seal attachment part of the crankshaft is free from any flaw. If any flaw is found,
use a piece of sand paper (#800 or finer) or fine oilstone to correct the flaw.
7.5.3 Connecting Rod Bearing Halves

 Roll bushing
If the gap between the shaft hole at the small end of the connecting rod and the piston pin exceeds
the service limit, replace them.
(mm)
Measurement Point Nominal Dimension Use Limit
Gap between the piston pin and the
0.025–0.071 0.20
connecting rod small end
 Bearing halves
a) Check the sliding surface of the large end bearing halves. If any foreign matter is found, replace
the bearing halves. If the crankshaft is worn, be particularly careful to inspect the metal surface.
b) Also be careful about the tension of the bearing halves. The internal radius of the bearing
halves is larger than the internal radius of the large end of the connecting rod, when they are
manufactured. As it is designed to make a perfect circle only after the top and bottom halves
are combined together and tightened, the measurement between the ends of disassembled
bearing halves should become longer due to the tension. If this tension is not present, replace
the bearing halves even if they are not worn.
c) If the gap between the crank pin and bearing halves exceeds the use limit, replace them.
(mm)
Gap between the crank pin and bearing
0.05–0.12 0.27
halves
7.5.4 Piston, Piston Pin, and Piston Ring

a) Check the piston for flaws mainly on the outer surface. If any flaw is
present, correct it using a grindstone.
The direction of grinding shall be perpendicular to the sliding
direction.
Measure the outer diameter of the piston skirt.
If the measured diameter is less than the use limit, replace the
piston.
(mm)
Outer diameter at D 115.0 114.78
Figure 7-6 Piston Diameter

Measurement Point

7-14
b) Measure the outer diameter of the piston pin at three places.

If any of the measured outer diameter is less than the use limit, replace the piston pin.
(mm)
Outer diameter 34.0 33.9
Figure 7-7 Piston Pin Diameter Measurement Point
c) The gap between the piston pin hole and the piston pin is variable. Measure the gap and if it
exceeds the service limit, replace either piston or piston pin, whichever presenting a severer wear.
(mm)
Gap between the piston pin and the hole 0.009–0.036 0.15
d) For piston rings, besides checking the condition of the outer sliding surface including any flaw or
abnormal wear, check the normal wear at the same time.
To check the condition of wear, measure the gap between both ends of the piston ring.
For this, place the piston ring at the distance of 3 mm from the top of the cylinder sleeve and
measure the gap. If the measured gap exceeds the use limit, replace the piston ring.
(mm)
Piston Rings 1st, 2nd and 3rd
0.45–0.65 2.3
Gap between both ends
 The piston rings must be replaced at the recommended intervals even though the wear
does not exceed the use limit yet.
e) If any burr (circular ridge) is formed on the top and bottom of the sliding surface of the piston ring,
use a grind stone or other tool to chamfer the edges before using it.
Depending on the use condition, the piston ring grooves may also be worn out. When the wear
exceeds the use limit, it may cause oil loss, and thus replace the piston.
(mm)
Gap between the groove wall and the piston ring 0.02–0.06 0.15

7-15
7.5.5 Cylinder Sleeve

a) Inspect the upper surface of the suction valve seat. If any flaw is found, correct the flaw by
polishing or grinding.
b) Measure the height of the seat part. If it exceeds the use limit, replace the cylinder sleeve.
Figure 7-8 Seat Surface Height Measurement Point
(mm)
Use Limit
Measurement Point
Nominal Dimension Use Limit
X in the above figure 0.5 0.2
c) If the inside surface of the cylinder sleeve has any flaw, use fine GC grinding stone or fine
sandpaper to correct the defect.
d) The part 10 to 20 mm from the top end of the cylinder sleeve is most likely to be worn.
If the inner wall of the cylinder exceeds the use limit, replace it.
(mm)
Internal diameter of cylinder sleeve 115.0 115.25
e) Measure the gap between the cylinder inner wall and the piston skirt. If the gap exceeds the use
limit, replace the piston.
(mm)
Gap between the cylinder inner wall and
0.19–0.292 0.4
the piston skirt
 When you see the inside surface of the cylinder by reflecting light, it will look like a rainbow
when the condition is good.

7-16
7.5.6 Discharge Valve Assembly and Suction Valve Assembly

The discharge plate valve, suction plate valve, and valve springs must be regularly replaced.
While the service life depends on the conditions of use, refer to Chapter 5, Sections 5.2.3.2 and 5.2.3.3
in this manual for the typical replacement intervals.
a) Measure the thickness of the seat part (M). If the wear on the seat part exceeds 0.15 mm, the valve
needs to be replaced even if it has not reached the typical replacement period.
Figure 7-9 Seat Thickness Measurement Point
(mm)
X in the above figure 1.4 1.25
b) Even if the seat part is not excessively worn, replace the valve if the spring mating surface is
unevenly worn or distorted. If any flaw exists, it should be replaced as it may develop a crack due
to cyclic fatigue.
c) For the inspection of springs, if any broken spring is found, also check the bottom of the spring
hole of the valve plate and cage. A broken spring can hit the bottom of the hole and deepen it.
The standard free length of the discharge valve spring and suction valve spring is 10 mm.
Replace any of the springs when its free length becomes 9 mm or less, even before the standard
replacement time comes.
d) Measure the seat height of the valve plate and discharge valve seat.
If the seat height becomes less than 0.2 mm, replace the valve plate and discharge valve seat.
Figure 7-10 Seat Height Measurement Point

7-17
7.5.7 Main Bushing and Thrust Washer

a) If the gap between the main bushing and the crankshaft exceeds the use limit, replace them.
If the inner wall of the main bushing is worn over the use limit, replace it.
b) When thickness of the thrust washer decreases below the use limit, replace it.
(mm)
Gap between the main bushing and the crankshaft 0.035–0.20 0.43
Inner diameter of the main bushing 85.0 85.20
Thickness of the thrust washer 2.70–2.77 2.55
7.5.8 Oil Pump

If the oil pressure is still low when the oil pressure control valve is closed during operation, and it is not
due to the clogging of the oil filter, the gear, metal, and/or shaft of the oil pump may be worn.
Remove the oil pump from the compressor. Then, hold the pump shaft and check if there is any play in
the axial and/or lateral direction. If any play is found, replace the bearing housing assembly.
7.5.9 Thrust Bearing

If the gap between the inner wall of thrust bearing and the crankshaft exceeds the use limit, replace
them.
If the inner wall of the thrust bearing is worn over the use limit, replace it.
(mm)
Gap between the thrust bearing and the crankshaft 0.06–0.115 0.27
Inner diameter of the thrust bearing 85.0 85.20
7.5.10 Shaft Seal

Inspect the sliding surface of the stationary ring and rotating ring.
Although the shaft seal assembly is to be replaced after any abnormality is found by the inspection,
because only visually checking the sliding surface may be insufficient in determining any abnormality, it
is recommended to replace the seal assembly with a new one, as in the case of O-rings, in such a
case.
The O-rings must always be replaced with new ones.
7.5.11 Bolts and Other Hardware

The crank pin Fastening Bolts and discharge valve Fastening Bolts must be carefully and thoroughly
inspected.
In particular, these bolts must be very carefully checked after any oil hammering, liquid hammering, or
seizure accident.
If any defect is found on the thread, be sure to replace it.

7-18
7.5.12 Gaskets and O-rings

All gaskets and O-rings must be replaced with new ones whenever disassembly and inspection is
performed.
While O-rings are made of synthetic rubbers, the most suitable material may differ according to
refrigerants and lubricants to be used, and actual operational conditions. For details, please contact our
sales offices or service centers.
L type head cover gasket

L type bearing housing gasket
L type hand hole cover gasket L type head jacket cover gasket
Companion flange 100 A service Companion flange Companion flange

80 A service valve 65 A service valve gasket
gasket for the 100 A valve gasket gasket for the 80 A gasket for the 65 A
gasket (4L)
service valve (8L, 6L) service valve (6L, 4L) service valve
(8L, 6L) (6L, 4L) (4L)
MYCOM 90 A discharge MYCOM 80 A

L type shaft seal cover gasket Suction filter cover gasket L type cylinder sleeve gasket MYCOM 100 A suction discharge elbow gasket
(SPCM) filter case gasket elbow gasket
(8L, 6L) (6L)
(8L, 6L) (8L)
Suction filter cover gasket (4L) L type unloader cover gasket

L type oval flange gasket
Figure 7-11 Gaskets

7-19
7.6 Standard Assembly Clearance
Piston ring groove – Piston ring

-
Piston – Discharge valve seat
Crankcase – Cylinder upper surface -
-
Piston outer wall (upper) – Cylinder Cylinder outer wall – Crankcase

- -
Piston outer wall (lower) – Cylinder Piston pin – Piston hole
- -
Rod small end – Piston pin
Crankshaft – Rod large end
-
-
Crankshaft – Thrust bearing

Thrust clearance
- -
Main bearing – Crankshaft Crank pin – Connecting rod width
- -
Figure 7-12 Standard Assembly Clearance (Unit: mm)
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.6 Standard Assembly Clearance

7-20
7.7 Vibration Criteria

 Vibration criteria and their application
The vibration assessment criteria are used to evaluate the vibration level of the reciprocating
compressor installed in the unit. Note that these criteria are applicable only when the pedestal, any
pipe line, or other parts are not mechanically resonated when the compressor is running at the rated
speed.
 Measurement point
Compressor: Any point near the shaft bearing opposite to the loading side (at the oil pump) shall be
used, for measuring the vibration in the three mutually perpendicular directions, i.e., vertical,
horizontal and axial directions.
 Vibration velocity criteria

• The vibration severity is defined by the rms (root-mean-square) value of the vibration velocity
(mm/s rms).
• The class is determined by the rated power of the motor connected to the compressor.
• It is applicable to both the belt drive and direct drive systems.
• If the vibration severity is to be represented by the displacement (D: μm P-P), use the following
conversion formula:
D = 30000 × √2 ÷ (πN)•Vrms
(N: rotation speed in min-1; Vrms: vibration severity represented by the vibration speed mm/s
rms)
• If the vibration is in the region of A or B, there should be no particular problems.
• If it is in the region of C, the action to take shall be determined through discussion between the
parties concerned.
• If it is in the region of D, immediately stop the operation and perform investigation.
Table 7-6 Vibration Velocity Criteria (mm/s rms)

A: Excellent, B: Good, C: Caution, D: Unacceptable
Motor rated power

Vibration severity range
Fixed base Anti-vibration base
Class Vibration velocity rms Less than 100 kW or Less than 100 kW or
50–100 kW 50–100 kW
(mm/s rms) 50 kW higher 50 kW higher
1.1 1.12 A/B A/B A/B A/B A/B A/B
1.8 1.78
2.8 2.82
4.5 4.46
7.1 7.07 C
11 11.2 C C
18 17.8 D C C
28 28.2 D D C
45 44.6 D D
71 70.7 D
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.7 Vibration Criteria

7-21
7.8 Disassembly Tools

The following list shows the disassembling tools for the parts given in Table 7-1 "Parts Configuration " in
this Chapter.
Table 7-7 Items Included in the Disassembly Tool Set
Name Outline Specification Qty Remarks

Socket Wrench Box WAF 13 mm 1
14 mm long 1
17 mm 1
19 mm 1
Nut spinner handle
300 mm, 12.7 square
1
Double ended wrench 13–17 mm 1

For gauge joints and water
10–14 mm 1 piping
Single Ended Wrench 23 mm 1 For oil filter
Screwdriver 100 mm, flat-bladed 1 For unloader solenoid valve
Pulley extractor Bolts

M20 × 100: 1 pcs 1 set
M12 × 70: 2 pcs
Eye Bolt
1/4" 1 For piston
Adjustable wrench
250 mm 1
Extension bar
152 mm, 12.7 1
Ratchet handle
1/4'' 1 or JO valve
Stud bolt M12 × 70 1 For head cover
Sponge
20 × 160 × 160 mm 1 For cleaning
Hose
Φ15 (I.D.), Φ20
1 For filling lubricating oil
(O.D.), 750 mm
L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 7.8 Disassembly Tools

7-22
MAYEKAWA MFG. CO., LTD.
3-14-15 Botan, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8482, JAPAN
TEL : (81)-3-3642-8181 FAX: (81)-3-3643-7094
URL : http://www.mayekawa.com

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L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

Warranty and Disclaimer

"Liquid flow-back operation" is ･･･

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

Intended Use of this Product

Precautions for Safe Use of this Product

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

About this Manual

Structure of this Manual

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

Chapter 2 Compressor Specifications and Structure

Chapter 4 Operation of Compressor and System

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

4.3.1 Start/stop limit ..................................................................................................... 4-7

Chapter 5 Maintenance and Inspection

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

5.5.11 Cylinder Sleeve Assembly and Piston Rod Assembly...................................... 5-32

Chapter 7 Related Documents

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

7.6 Standard Assembly Clearance ................................................................ 7-20

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor

1.1.1 Strict Requirements (Do’s)

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.1 Strict Requirements and Prohibitions

 Do’s on Lock-out/Tag-out Procedures after Power is Off

 Do’s on Personal Protective Gear

 Do’s in Handling of Hazardous and Toxic Substances

 Do’s on the Response to Emergency Situations

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.1 Strict Requirements and Prohibitions

 Do’s on the Disposal of Waste Oil, Waste Liquid, Scraps, etc.

1.1.2 Prohibitions (Don’ts)

1.2 Warning Notices in This Manual

Table 1-1 Warning Types and their Meanings

Indicates that there is a potential risk of physical damage if it is not avoided.

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.2 Warning Notices in This Manual

1.3 Residual Risks

Table 1-2 Hazardous Sources

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.3 Residual Risks

Table 1-2 Hazardous Sources (continued)

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.3 Residual Risks

Symbol Hazardous Area

Figure 1-1 Hazardous Sources (ex.: 6L)

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.3 Residual Risks

1.4 Safety Devices

1.4.1 Emergency Stop Button

 Stopping and recovery methods

 Inspection method and inspection interval

 How to implement and restore the lock-out/tag-out function

 Inspection method and inspection interval

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.4 Safety Devices

1.4.3 Safety Cover (Driving Section)

No. Name No. Name

 Inspection method and inspection interval

1.4.4 Safety Valve

L-Series Reciprocating Compressor 1.4 Safety Devices

1.4.5 Automatic Control and Protection Devices of the Compressor