BSED ASSESS 3 Competency-Based Assessment 3

Chapter 1.9 - Biochemistry

Answer Key

1. C. C is the answer because maltose is a disaccharide while glycogen, heparin, and starch are all
polysaccharides.
2. D. D is the answer because reverse transcription begins when the viral particle enters the cytoplasm of
a target cell. The viral RNA genome enters the cytoplasm as part of a nucleoprotein complex that has
not been well characterized.
3. A. A is the answer because the mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble—in order—the
chain of amino acids that form a protein.
4. C. C is the answer because pectin or pectic substances are collective names for a group of closely
associated polysaccharides present in plant cell walls where they contribute to complex physiological
processes like cell growth and cell differentiation and so determine the integrity and rigidity of plant
tissue.
5. B. B is the answer because phospholipids are amphiphilic lipids consisting of a glycerol backbone or an
amino-alcohol sphingosine backbone, which is esterified to one or two fatty acids, a phosphate group
and a hydrophilic residue.
6. B. B is the answer because ketonemia refers to the presence of an abnormally high concentration
of ketone bodies in the blood.
7. A. A is the answer because gangliosides, cerebrosides, and cytolipins are collectively called as
glycolipids.
8. A. A is the answer because decomposition occurs when fats and fixed oils are strongly heated.
9. A. A is the answer because the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a good example of an amphibolic
pathway because it functions in both the degradative (carbohydrate, protein, and fatty acid) and
biosynthetic processes.
10. B. B is the answer because among the different cells in the body, it is the erythrocytes who lacks
mitochondria when renders them incapable of TCA.
11. B. B is the answer because the hexokinase converts glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, trapping the
glucose molecule inside the cell, thus starting off the process of glycolysis.
12. C. C is the answer because ketose and aldose can be differentiated chemically by a simple test
called Seliwanoff's test by heating the sample along with acid.
13. D. D is the answer because AB positive (AB+) and O negative (O-) are considered universal blood types.
People who are AB+ are universal recipients, meaning they can safely receive a blood transfusion of
any other blood type. 1 O- individuals are universal donors, meaning their blood can be given to
people of any blood type.
14. B. B is the answer because the enzyme that predisposes persons taking some therapeutic agents to
hemolytic anemia is the glucose-6-phosphate.
15. C. C is the answer because it is the monosaccharide that undergoes mutarotation using the open-chain
structure as an intermediate.
16. B. B is the answer because esterase cleaves ester bonds in lipids and phosphatases cleave phosphate
groups off molecules making it an example of hydrolases.
17. D. D is the answer because pepsinogen is the zymogen, or inactive precursor, of pepsin, the principal
proteolytic enzyme of gastric juice. Pepsinogen was first crystallized from the gastric mucosa of swine,
and several pepsinogens have now been separated.
18. C. C is the answer because n humans, riboflavin deficiencies typically manifest dermatologically
through cheilosis, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis, conjunctivitis, cataracts anemia, migraines and
fatigue.
19. D. D is the answer because the way a phosphorylase puts a phosphate on is by using the (inorganic)
phosphate to break a bond, the same way water adds itself while breaking the bond in a “hydrolase”
enzyme.
20. B. B is the answer because leucine, isoleucine, and valine are the branched-chain amino acids
responsible for the characteristic sweet smell of the urine of patients with “Maple syrup urine
disease”.
21. D. D is the answer because in handling a child’s mother with PKU, it is best to advise her that she
should give her baby a diet that us rich in tyrosine but lacks phenylalanine.
22. C. C is the answer because glucagon, in part, triggers glycogen in your liver to convert back to glucose
 so it can enter your bloodstream. This process is called glycogenolysis.
23. D. D is the answer because during the test conducted by Pauly Diazo, the presence of histidine and
tyrosine were clearly observed.
24. D. D is the answer because the appearance of a dark yellow or orange-colored solution represents a
positive test. This indicates the presence of aromatic groups in the proteins and amino acids.
25. D. D is the answer because the visible result for ninhydrin test in the presence of proline and
hydroxyproline is color yellow.
26. B. B is the answer because the active forms of riboflavin, vitamin B2, are the coenzymes flavin
mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These coenzymes serve as hydrogen carriers
for oxidation reactions that affect energy nutrients in the citric acid cycle and in the electron transport
system.
27. A. A is the answer because histamine is a monoamine synthesized from the amino
acid histidine through a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which
removes carboxyl group from histidine.
28. A. A is the answer because the carbonyl carbon in aldoses is carbon 1 and not carbon 2.
29. A. A is the answer because a bright reddish purple is the visible result for aminoguanidine reaction.
30. C. C is the answer because tertiary structure is the folding of the secondary structure into distinct
arrangements known as domains. This occurs spontaneously in cells in one to several seconds and is
driven by the properties of the amino acid side chains.
31. B. B is the answer because elastin is an extracellular matrix protein that is present in all vertebrate
connective tissues. Its functions include the provision of elasticity and resilience to tissues, such as
large elastic blood vessels (aorta), elastic ligaments, lung, and skin, which are subjected to repetitive
and reversible deformation.
32. B. B is the answer because a nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when a sequence change gives rise to a
stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid. The presence of the new stop codon results
in the production of a shortened protein that is likely non-functional.
33. A. A is the answer because among the given choices, it is the albumin that is soluble in water and salt
solutions and has no distinctive amino acids.
34. C. C is the answer because in eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the
mitochondria, just like the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl.
35. B. B is the answer because during the citric acid cycle, 3 ATPs are produced in the reduction of one
mole of NAD to NADH.
36. C. C is the answer because type I reactions (i.e., immediate hypersensitivity reactions)
involve immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells
and basophils.
37. C. C is the answer because the Adenine - Thymine base pair is held together by 2 hydrogen bonds
while the Guanine - Cytosine base pair is held together by 3 hydrogen bonds.
38. C. C is the answer because the total net ATP produced in aerobic glycolysis is 6 to 8 ATPs per mole of
hexose, depending on which shuttle predominates in the transport NAD/NADH.
39. A. A is the answer because a virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA that is
why they are often termed as “biological entities” for being not cellular in nature.
40. C. C is the answer because as a natural sugar, mannose is a type of hexose that is abundant in many
different types of fruits. Since mannose is rarely used for glycolysis in mammals, studies on the role of
mannose have not attracted much attention. Glycosylation of specific proteins was thought to be the
major function of mannose.
41. C. C is the answer because wobble pertains to the ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that
differ at the third base.
42. A. A is the answer because lard is one of the examples of a chemical class of lipid which is called the
fixed oils and fats.
43. C. C is the answer because transcription is the name of the process by which the actinomycin D, an
antineoplastic drug, intercalates between two GC pairs in DNA.
44. D. D is the answer because Magnesium is a metal that is considered to be an essential cofactor in all
phosphorylation reaction.
45. D. D is the answer because waxes are esters of fatty acids with long chain monohydric alcohols (one
hydroxyl group). Natural waxes are often mixtures of such esters, and may also contain hydrocarbons.
46. D. D is the answer because the Molisch's Test is a common test for all carbohydrates larger than
tetroses. The test is on the basis that pentoses and hexoses are dehydrated by conc. Sulphuric acid to
form furfural or hydroxyl methyl furfural, respectively. These products condense with α-naphthol to
 form purple condensation product.
47. C. C is the answer because asides from squeezing and churning the food bolus, it also secretes a
mixture of compounds, collectively known as "gastric juice." Gastric juice comprises water, mucus,
hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor. Of these five components, pepsin is the principal
enzyme involved in protein digestion.
48. C. C is the answer because Cholesterol is the most common steroid in the body. It is a precursor to
vitamin D and many steroid hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. Cholesterol
belongs in the family of steroids because it shares a similar chemical structure.
49. A. A is the answer because the term 'protein-energy malnutrition' refers to acute malnutrition as a
result of an insufficient intake of protein and calories. [2] This includes the conditions
of kwashiorkor and marasmus. Acute malnutrition is an inadequate weight relative to vertical height.
50. C. C is the answer because the lactic acid buildup causes muscle fatigue and soreness. Anyone who
has pushed themselves through an intense workout will be familiar with “feeling the burn” — that
sensation of fatigue and pain that sets in when you subject your muscles to lifting heavy loads
repeatedly or sprinting all-out.
51. D. D is the answer because Base substitutions involving replacement of one purine for another or one
pyrimidine for another are known as transitions; the replacement of a purine by a pyrimidine, or vice
versa, is called a transversion.
52. C. C is the answer because if a high amount of ketone bodies is present in the urine, then the condition
is termed ketonuria. When glucose is found in the urine then the state is known as
glycosuria. Ketonuria and glycosuria are the most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
53. B. B is the answer because carbon-2 is the carbon in the sugar who is responsible for the difference
between the two nucleic acids.
54. D. D is the answer because the amino acid tyrosine is the precursor for all three catecholamines. The
first step in this reaction pathway, catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase, is rate-limiting.
55. C. C is the answer because optical isomers are stereoisomers that are related via non-superimposable
mirror images of each other. They differ from geometric stereoisomers in that they rotate the
polarization of plane-polarized light. These isomers are referred to as enantiomers or chiral.
56. B. B is the answer because the presence of reducing sugars is indicated by the appearance of reddish-
brown or brick red precipitate in test tubes.
57. A. A is the answer because amylose/amylase in starch is responsible for the formation of a deep blue
color in the presence of iodine. The iodine molecule slips inside of the amylose coil.
58. B. B is the answer because phenolic group of tyrosine of proteins react with mercuric sulfate in the
presence of sodium nitrite and sulfuric acid to give red colour. Millon's test is given by proteins
containing phenolic amino acids.
59. B. B is the answer because a reddish solution results after the addition to iodine TS to an unknown
solution. Subsequent addition of ammoniacal basic lead acetate to a portion of the unknown solution
results to the formation of a precipitate. And with that, this confirms the presence of the glycogen.
60. B. B is the answer because both the Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are considered protein deficient
malnutrition.