Drop Analysis.
1. Radio Link Time-Out
Every time a SACCH message can not be decoded the radio link time-out counter is decreased by 1. If the message can be decoded the counter is incremented by 2. However, the value can not exceed the initial value. The initial value is set by the parameter RLINKT for radio link time-out in the mobile station and by RLINKUP for timeout in the BSC. If the mobile moves out of coverage and no measurement reports are received in the BSC, there will be a radio link time-out and the message Channel Release (cause: abnormal release, unspecified) is sent to the mobile station and the SACCH is deactivated in the BTS. A Clear Request message is sent to the MSC. To be sure that the mobile has stopped transmitting, the BSC now waits RLINKT SACCH periods before the timeslot is released and a new call can be established on the channel.
Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips
2. Layer 2 Time-Out If the BTS never get an acknowledge on a Layer 2 message after the time T200XN200, the BTS will send Error Indication (cause: T200 expired) to the BSC, which will send Channel Release (cause: abnormal release, timer expired) to the mobile station and a Clear Request to the MSC. The SACCH is deactivated and the BSC waits RLINKT SACCH periods before the timeslot is released and a new call can use the channel. This is only valid if the call is in steady state, i.e. not during handover or assignment.
If you like this than Become our Friend on Facebook Click Here 3. Release Indication When the BTS received a layer 2 DISC frame from the mobile it replies with a Layer 2 UA frame to the mobile station and a Release Indication to the BSC. The system does only react on Release Indication if it is received during a normal disconnection situation. If such a message is received unexpectedly this will usually cause radio link time-out or timer T200 expiration as the mobile station
stops the transmitting of measurement reports. It is also possible that the release will be normal depending on when the Release Indication is received. Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips 4. MSC Time-Out Normal Release: If the MSC never received a response on a message (e.g. Identity Request) and there is no radio link time-out or layer 2 time-out, the MSC will send a Clear Command to the BSC. The time-out is depending on the message. When receiving Clear Command, the BSC will send a Channel Release (cause: normal release) and then deactivates the SACCH. Reject (only SDCCH): If the MSC never receives a response on the first message after Establish Indication, the MSC will send a reject message. If the connection was a Location Update it will be a Location Update Reject (cause: network failure) and if the connection was a mobile originating call (CM Service Request) a CM Service Reject (cause: network failure) will be sent. The MSC will then send a Clear Command to the BSC and the call is cleared by Channel Release (cause: normal release). If you like this than Become our Friend on Facebook Click Here 5. Assignment to TCH Before sending an Assignment Command from the BSC at TCH assignment, the following two criterion have to be fulfilled: a. There must be a TCH channel available, i.e. no congestion b. The locating algorithm must have received at least one valid measurement report. If either of the criterion is not fulfilled, Assignment Command will not be sent and a Channel Release (cause: abnormal release, unspecified) will be sent to the mobile station and a Clear Request to the MSC.
Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips
TCH Drop reason (1) The classification of TCH Drop Reasons are arranged in the order of priority: 1.Excessive Timing Advance 2.Low Signal Strength 3.Bad Quality 4.Sudden Loss of Connection 5.Other Reasons
Excessive Timing Advance The TCH Drop counters due to Excessive Timing Advance will pegged when the during the time of disconnection, the last Timing Advance value recorded was higher than the TALIM Parameter. This drop reason is commonly apparent to isolated or island sites with a wide coverage area. Action: Check if the cell parameter TALIM is < "63" Solution: Set TALIM to a value close to 63. Tilt antenna/reduce antenna height/output power, etc. for co-channel cells.
TCH Drop Reasons (2) Low Signal Strength on Down or Uplink or Both Links The drops counters due to Low Signal Strength will be pegged when the Signal Strength during the last Measurement Report before the call dropped is below the LOWSSDL and/or LOWSSUL Thresholds. LOWSSDL and LOWSSUL are BSC Exchange Property parameters which is used only for statistics purposes and does not affect the behavior of calls. If both UL and DL Signal Strength are below the thresholds, only Drop due to Low SS BL will pegged. Normally a call is dropped at the border of large rural cell with insufficient coverage. Bad tunnel coverage cause many dropped calls as well as so called coverage holes. Bad indoor coverage will result in dropped calls. Building shadowing could be another reason.
Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips
Action: Check Check Check Check Check Check Perform Check
power if antenna drive TRX/TS
coverage output balance
and Omni configuration antenna tests & with high
link & site
plots. power. budget. site. type. installation. survey. CONERRCNT.
Solution: Add a repeater to increase coverage in for example a tunnel. Change to a better antenna (with higher gain) for the base station.
Add a new Block/Deblock
base
station
if
there
are
large
coverage
holes. TRX
TCH Drop Reasons (3) Poor Quality on Down or Uplink or Both Links The drops counters due to Bad Quality will be pegged when the Signal Strength during the last Measurement Report before the call dropped is above the BADQDL and/or BADQUL Thresholds. BADQDL and BADQUL (expressed in DTQU) are BSC Exchange Property parameters which is used only for statistics purposes and does not affect the behavior of calls. If both UL and DL Quality are above the thresholds, only Drop due to BAD Quality BL will pegged. Problem on Bad Quality is usually associated with Co-channel Interference on BCCH or TCH. Faulty MAIO assignment can cause frequency collisions on cosited cells especially on 1x1 Reuse. External interference is also one possible cause of problem on quality. If you like this than Become our Friend on Facebook Click Here Action: Check C/I and C/A plots. Check Frequency Plan (Co-BCCH or Co-BSIC Problem). Check MAIO, HOP, HSN parameters. Check FHOP if correctly configured (BB or SY). Check for External Interference. Perform drive tests.
Visit Out Forum For more Optimization Tips
Solution: Change BCCH frequency. Change BSIC. Change MAIO, HOP, HSN. Change FHOP. Record RIR or on-site Frequency Scanning to identify source of interference. Use available radio features. TCH Drop Reasons (4) Sudden Loss of Connection Drops due to Sudden Loss are drops that have not been registered as low signal strength, excessive timing advance, bad quality or hardware (other) reasons, and the locating procedure indicates missing measurement results from the MS.
There are some common scenarios that could lead to Sudden Loss of connections such as very sudden and severe drops in signal strength, such as when subscribers enter into buildings, elevators, parking garages, etc., very sudden and severe occurrence of interference, MS runs out of battery during conversation, Handover Lost, BTS HW faults, Synchronization or A-bis link fault (transmission faults), and MS Action: Check Check Check Check Check Correlate Faults.
BTS
Error Logs, Alarms and CONERRCNT per TRX Transmission Link for DIP LAPD Handover Lost to Drops due to
Fault and
Codes. TS. (A-bis). Slips. Congestion. Sudden Loss
Solution: Fix Hardware Faults and Alarms. Reset TRX with high CONERRCNT. Ensure that Synchronization and A-bis Link are stable. Change RBLT with high DIP Slips. Change CONFACT or increase Transmission Capacity Investigate HO Lost Problem TCH Drop Reasons (5) TCH Drops due to Other Reasons TCH drops due to Other Reasons are computed by subtracting the sum of drops due to Excessive TA, Low SS, Bad Quality and Sudden Loss from the Total TCH Drop Counts. Drops due to Other Reasons are generally associated with hardware problems, transmission link problems on A-bis, Ater or Ainterfaces, and sometimes Handover Lost. Action: Check Check Check Check Check Correlate
BTS Alarms and CONERRCNT per Transmission for Handover Lost to Drops
Error Fault TRX Link DIP due to and
Other
Logs. Codes. TS. (A-bis). Slips. Reasons
Solution: Fix Hardware Faults Reset TRX with Ensure that Synchronization and Change RBLT with Investigate HO
and high A-bis high Lost
Alarms. CONERRCNT. Link are stable. DIP Slips. Problem
Problem
reason
of
drop
in
SDCCH
Low Signal Strength on Down or Uplink The reason for poor coverage could be too few sites, wrong output power, shadowing, no indoor coverage or network equipment failure. Action: Check coverage plots.Check output power. Perform drive tests. Check BTS error log Solution: Add new sites. Increase output power. Repair faulty equipment. Poor Quality on Down or Uplink Action: Check C/I and C/A plots. Check frequency plan. Perform drive tests. Solution: Change frequency. Use available radio features. Too High Timing Advance Action: Check if the cell parameter TALIM is < style="font-weight: bold;">Solution: Set TALIM to a value close to 63. Tilt antenna/reduce antenna height/output power, etc. for cochannel cells. Mobile Error Some old mobiles may cause dropped calls if certain radio network features are used. Another reason is that the MS is damaged and not working properly. Action: Check MS fleet. Solution: Inform operator. Subscriber Behavior Poorly educated subscribers could use their handsets incorrectly by not raising antennas, choosing illadvised locations to attempt calls, etc. Action: Check customer complaints and their MS. Battery Flaw When a subscriber runs out of battery during a conversation, the call will be registered as dropped call due to low signal strength or others. Action: Check if MS power regulation is used. Check if DTX uplink is used.
Congestion on TCH The SDCCH is dropped when congestion on TCH. Action: Check TCH congestion Solution: Increase capacity on TCH or using features like Assignment to another cell, Cell Load Sharing, HCS, Dynamic Half-Rate Allocation and FR-HR Mode Adaptation etc
1. CSSR (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE) Definition: Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment 2. SCR (SUCCESSFULL CALL RATE) Definition: Rate of calls going until normal release that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP, neither by assignment failures, and neither by CALL DROP.
Visit Our Forum For more Optimization Tips 3. CALL DROP RATE (CDR) Definition: Rate of all losses of TCH connections during a call in relation to the number of successful Call Setups Visit Our Forum For more Optimization Tips 4. HOSR (HAND OVER SUCCESS RATE) Definition: Successful internal and external outgoing handovers of total number of internal and external outgoing handover attempts
Also See: Steps to Improve HOSR
5. PSR (PAGING SUCCESS RATE) Definition: Rate of successful paging attempts of total number of paging attempts.The formula is based on NSS point of view (based on MSC or LAC) 6. LOCATION UPDATE SUCCESS RATE Definition: Successful location update attempts of total number of location update attempts. The formula is based on NSS point of view. 7. SDCCH BLOCK RATE Definition: SDCCH congestion of total number of SDCCH seizure attempts 8. SDCCH DROP RATE Definition: Dropped SDCCH connections of total number of SDCCH connections without TCH congestion.
Also See: SDCCH Drop Rate Solution
9. TCH ASSIGNMENT BLOCK RATE Definition: Rate of TCH unsuccessful seizures during assignment procedure due to congestion
Visit Our Forum For more Optimization Tips 10. TCH Assignment Failure Rate (exclude blocking) Definition: Rate of RTCH seizure failed (system + radio) during normal assignment procedure over the total amount of RTCH request for normal assignment procedure 11. EMD (Erlang Minute per Drop) Definition: Total of Erlang minutes (TCH occupation) in one period measurement per drop call (after TCH Assignment). 12. TCH Availability Definition: Available TCH of total number of defined TCH 13. RACH Success Rate Definition : Rate of Successful RACH over the total number of channel required message received
What is benefit of shorter TTI in HSDPA?
1)After every TTI the resources can be redistributed among the users. Therefore, the resource usage is more efficient. 2)each UE reports about the channel quality after every TTI by sending the CQI. 3)CQI is sent after the very short period of time of 2 ms, it is possible to effectively perform link adaptation even in rapidly changing conditions.
What is Difference between ARQ and HARQ?
ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request), which is used in UMTS, a package received in error will be discarded and a retransmission will be requested. If the retransmission is also erroneous, another retransmission will be requested. Using HARQ, an erroneous package will be stored at the receiver and a retransmission will be requested. Even if the retransmission is faulty, the receiver attempts to combine the two erroneous packages to reproduce the original package.
What is Link Adaption?
HSDPA uses link adaptation, which means the way of transmission is changed according to the quality of the channel conditions. If a user is in favourable conditions, for example close to the nearest antenna tower, this user will be assigned a high data rate. When the user moves into worse channel conditions, for example far away from the antenna tower, the transmission parameters will be changed accordingly and thus the data rate will be decreased.
What are the main technologies used for HSDPA?
]
Main Technology 1)Link adaptation (AMC) 2)Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), and 3)Shorter Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
What are the conditions you typically set to trigger IRAT handover?
RSCP and Ec/Io are used to trigger IRAT handover: 1. 2. RSCP -100dBm. Ec/Io -16dBm.
