The new counseling program is not effective in reducing anxiety levels of patient who will undergo
𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇𝑏𝑒𝑓 − 𝜇𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 0
Step1 corrective heart surgery.
The new counseling program is effective in reducing anxiety levels of patient who will undergo corrective
𝐻1 : 𝜇𝑏𝑒𝑓 − 𝜇𝑎𝑓𝑡 > 0
heart surgery.
Step 2 𝛼 = 0.05 *not stated therefore, use 0.05 as the level of significance
Step 3 one-tailed, t-test for paired samples (or dependent samples)
𝑥ҧ𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 107.14 𝑡 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡 = 0.91
Step 4 You may present the values in this step in tabular form
𝑥𝑎𝑓𝑡
ҧ = 106.14 𝐶𝑉 = 1.77
𝑠𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑓 =11.24 𝑝 = 0.191
𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 9.22
Step 5 Since p>0.05, failed to reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, there is not enough sample evidence to show that the new counseling program is effective in reducing the anxiety levels of
Step 6 patients who will undergo corrective heart surgery.
*Therefore, there is not enough sample evidence to reject the claim that the new counseling program is not effective in reducing the
anxiety levels of patients who will undergo corrective heart surgery.
*Alternative conclusion (another way of stating the conclusion)
Interpretations of sample mean and sample standard deviation
The anxiety level of the patients before undergoing the program is relatively higher than their
Sample Means: anxiety levels after the counseling.
The scores on the anxiety level of the patients after undergoing the program is more
Sample SD: homogeneous than their scores before the counseling.
*Note: You may give interpretations similar to the above statements.
Running the test using Data Analysis Toolpak (for STEP 4)
1st ENCODE DATA (table 1) 2nd go to DATA in the bar and on t
look for T-TEST: PAIRED
Patients Sbef Saft
1 121 116 Variable 1 range (before
2 93 96 Variable 2 range (after):
3 112 108 Hypothesized Mean Diff
4 120 113 Check "labels"
5 119 117 Alpha:
6 99 103 Check "output range" an
7 97 95
8 92 92 OK
9 98 98
10 108 102
11 115 118
12 123 117
13 107 111
14 96 100
NOTE: (1) Sbef means score before and Saft means score after
(2) you may no longer encode the column for patients
DATA in the bar and on the pinaka-right click DATA ANALYSIS SUMMARY OUTPUT
look for T-TEST: PAIRED TWO SAMPLE FOR MEANS and click OK
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
Variable 1 range (before): highlight data under Sbef including label
Variable 2 range (after): highlight data under Saft including label Sbef Saft
Hypothesized Mean Difference: 0 Mean 107.1428571 106.1428571
Check "labels" Variance 126.2857143 85.05494505 Extract square root for
0.05 Observations 14 14
Check "output range" and enter where you want the table to appear Pearson Correlation 0.937205535
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 13
t Stat 0.90543902 test statistic
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.190853816 p-value
t Critical one-tail 1.770933396 critical value
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.381707631
t Critical two-tail 2.160368656
Extract square root for SD
