I.

INTRODUCTION
An industrial product is designed to perform a certain function and reliability is
the result of the individual reliability of all components. To ensure reliability, it is
important that each individual component is reliable and performs its function
satisfactorily for an assigned period of time. Quality is also important, as defects in
the finished product can impair the performance level and need to be detected and
evaluated in order to improve the quality of the product. An improvement in the
product quality increases its reliability and safety, bringing economic returns to the
user.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a testing and analytical technique used by
industry to assess a material's, component's, structure's, or system's attributes for
characteristic differences or welding faults and discontinuities without harming the
original part. Non-destructive testing (NDT) is often referred to as non-destructive
evaluation (NDE), non-destructive inspection (NDI), and so on.

II. RELATED LITERATURE

As cited by S. Gholizadeh in his study, A review provided about non-destructive
testing (NDT) methods for the evaluation of composites. The review considers the
capabilities of most common methods in composite NDT applications such as Visual
Testing (VT or VI), Ultrasonic Testing (UT), Thermography, Radiographic Testing
(RT), Electromagnetic Testing (ET), Acoustic Emission (AE), and Shearography
Testing with respect to advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Then,
methods categorized based on their intrinsic characteristics and their applications.
There are varieties of methods to evaluate materials or components and non-
destructive methods are an important category of them with many applications. The
field of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) or Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) involves
the identification and characterization of damages on the surface and interior of
materials without cutting apart or otherwise altering the material (Lockard, 2015). In
other words, NDT refers to the evaluation and inspection process of materials or
components for characterization or finding defects and flaws in comparison with
some standards without altering the original attributes or harming the object being
tested. NDT techniques provide a cost-effective means of testing of a sample for
individual investigation or may be applied on the whole material for checking in a
production quality control system (Newswire, 2013). Peer-review under responsibility
of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.
According to (Lu, Z. Y., Zhang, Q. L., & Liu, X., 2013), numerous techniques are
used in the composite NDT field, including ultrasonic testing, thermographic testing,
infrared thermography testing, radiographic testing (Tan et al. 2011), visual testing
(VT) or visual inspection (VI), acoustic emission testing (AE), acousto-ultrasonic,
shearography testing, optical testing, electromagnetic testing liquid penetrant testing,
and magnetic particle testing.
III. DISCUSSION, IMPORTANCE, USE
The parts being tested are not harmed in any way throughout the testing
process, which has a number of distinct benefits including the ability to fix an item
rather than replace it in the event that a fault is discovered. While most testing
techniques are safe for humans, it is also a very safe testing method for operators.
However, some testing types, like radiographic testing, still need to be done under
carefully controlled circumstances. By making sure that structures, components, and
machinery are secure, this testing technique can also aid in the prevention of harm
or fatalities. Since non-destructive tests are reproducible and can be used in
conjunction with other tests to correlate results, they are also a fairly accurate
method of inspection. These testing techniques are very affordable. NDT is less
expensive than destructive testing because it can stop the need to repair a product
before a malfunction develops without harming the product itself. This testing method
also provides operators with peace of mind by ensuring that the equipment is
operating as it should, preventing incidents from happening in the future, and
identifying any actions that can be performed to extend its lifespan. It is also helpful
for testing welds and confirming welding procedures to make sure that a welding
process has been carried out to the correct specification within the confines of
quality control, for instance to make sure that the base metal has reached the correct
temperature, cooled at the specific rate, and that compatible materials have been
used to prevent welding defects.
NDT plays an important role for a number of industrial processes, including the
final product's quality control. In order to estimate and evaluate the component's
remaining life while maintaining its structural integrity, NDT is also utilized for
condition monitoring of various goods while they are in use. Using components to
their fullest potential while maintaining safety is made possible by NDT. The
condition monitoring of intricate components and plants has significantly improved
with the adoption of microprocessors for data collecting and processing and
automated testing devices. In order to focus more on the technological aspects, the
operator's dependence for routine inspection is decreased. The final result is an
improvement in the accuracy and dependability of the outcomes as well as time and
financial savings.

IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Destructive testing alters or destroys the component in some way, rendering it
unusable even if it passes the test. NDT is utilized in most industries, including oil
and gas, aerospace, automotive, power, and marine. It does not destroy or alter the
component in any way such that it cannot still be used after passing the test.
 Each form of testing is done to guarantee that the product is secure. However,
with destructive testing, the goal is to identify a product's operational limits through
tests like fatigue and tensile tests.
Non-destructive testing is an effective method that many industries utilize to
assess a material's, component's, structure's, or system's characteristics without
inflicting any harm. NDT comes in a variety of forms, including penetrant testing,
magnetic particle testing, radiography, ultrasonic testing, and visual inspection.
Depending on the application, each type has a different set of benefits.
Non-destructive testing is an extremely flexible and practical technology that can
assist find issues or flaws in materials or buildings without inflicting any harm.
V. FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1: Non-Destructive Testing (Visual Inspection)

Figure 2: Non-Destructive Testing (Ultrasonic testing)

 Figure 3: Non-Destructive Testing (Vibration testing)

Figure 4: Non-Destructive Testing (Magnetic particle inspection)

Figure 5: Non-Destructive Testing (Liquid penetrant testing)

Figure 6: Non-Destructive Testing (Eddy current testing)

Figure 7: Non-Destructive Testing (X-ray inspection)

Figure 8: Non-Destructive Testing Sample Result

 Figure 9: Non-Destructive Testing Sample Diagram

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