1 - Complex Numbers
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SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
COMPLEX NUMBERS
IMAGINARY UNIT For example :
2 + 3i, 2 3i, 2 + 3i, 2 3i, 2, 2, 3i, 3i all are
Symbol i (read as iota) is called as an imaginary unit complex numbers.
such that i2 = 1.
Imaginary unit satisfies the following properties EQUALITY OF TWO COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. i 0 = 0.
2. If a R, then a 2 ai. Two complex numbers z2 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are
3. If ai = bi, where a, b R, then a = b. said to equal, if a = c and b = d i.e. Re (z1) = Re (z2) and
Im(z1) = Im (z2).
IMAGINARY NUMBER Two complex numbers are said to be equal, if their real
parts are equal and also their imaginary parts are equal.
A number of the form ki, where k R, k ≠ 0 and If a + ib = c + id i.e. z1 = z2, then a = c and b = d.
i 1 is called an imaginary number. This is called equating the real parts and imaginary parts
For example : separately.
3i, 2i, 7i are imaginary numbers. If a + ib = 0, then a = 0 and b = 0.
The order relation (inequality) of complex number
cannot be defined.
COMPLEX NUMBER
CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
A number of the form a + ib or a + bi, where a, b R
Let z = a + ib be a complex number. Then the conjugate
and i 1 is called a complex number.
of z is denoted by z and is equal to a ib.
A complex number is denoted by z.
Thus z = a + ib z = a ib.
In a complex number z = a + ib, a is called the real part
Two complex numbers a + ib and a ib which differ in
of z denoted by Re (z) and b is called an imaginary part
the sign of only their imaginary parts are called complex
of z denoted by Im (z).
conjugates of each other.
In a complex number z = a + ib, if b = 0, then z is a
The conjugate of a complex number is obtained by
purely real number.
replacing i by i.
In a complex number z = a + ib, if a = 0, then z is a
For example :
purely imaginary number.
If z = 6 + 2i, then z 6 2i
In a complex number z = a + ib, if a = b = 0, then z is
If z = 6 2i, then z 6 2i
zero.
If z = 6, then z 6
A complex number z is purely real if its imaginary part
If z = 2i, then z 2i
is zero and purely imaginary if its real part is zero.
The set of complex numbers is denoted by C and is
ALGEBRA OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
given by C = {a + ib : a, b R, i2 = 1}.
Complex number is the combination of real and
Let z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id be two complex numbers,
imaginary numbers.
where a, b, c, d, k R and i 1 . Then we define the
The real part and imaginary part cannot be combined to
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two
form a single term.
complex numbers.
As a real number a can be written as a + 0i, then every
real number is a complex number. Hence R C, where
1. ADDITION :
R is the set of real numbers.
z1 + z2 = (a + ib) + (c + id)
Complex Numbers 1
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
z1 + z2 = a + ib + c + id z1 ac bd bc ad
i C
z1 + z2 = ((a + (c) + i(c + d)) C z 2 c2 d 2 c2 d 2
The sum of two complex numbers is a complex The division of two complex numbers is a
number. complex number.
2. SCALAR MULTIPLICATION: INTEGRAL POWERS OF i
kz1 = k (a + ib)
kz1 = ka + ikb We have i 1
The multiplication by a scalar to a complex i2 = l
number is a complex number. i3 = i2 i = 1 i = i
i4 = (i2)2 = (1)2 = 1
2. SUBTRACTION: To compute in for n > 4, divide n by 4 and get the
z1 z2 = (a + ib) (c + id) quotient and remainder r.
z1 z2 = a + ib c id If m is the quotient, then n = 4m + r, 0 r 3.
zl z2 = ((a c) + i(b d)) C in = i4m + r = (i4)m ir = (1)m ir = (1) ir = ir
The difference of two complex numbers is a In general i4n = 1, i4n+1 = i, i4n + 2 = 1, i4n+3 = i,
complex number. where n is any integer.
1 i i
Hence i 1 2 i,
3. MULTIPLICATION: i t 1
z1z2 = (a + ib) (c + id) 1 1
i 2 2 1
z1z2 - a(c + id) + ib (c + id) i 1
z1z2 = ac + iad + ibc + i2 bd 1 i i 1 1
z1z2 = ac + i (ad + bc) + (1) bd i 3 3 4 i, i 4 4 1
i i 1 i 1
z1z2 = ac + i(ad + bc) bd 1 1
If n > 4, then i n n r
z1z2 = ((ac bd) + i (ad + bc)) C i i
The product of two complex numbers is a
complex number. PROPERTIES OF ADDITION OF COMPLEX
NUMBERS
4. DIVISION:
z1 a ib
1. CLOSURE PROPERTY:
z 2 c id If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers, then
z1 a ib c id
× (z1 + z2) is also a complex number.
z 2 c id c id
z1 ac iad ibc i 2bd 2. COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY:
z2 (c)2 (id)2 If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers, then
z1 ac i(bc ad) (1)bd z1 + z2 = z2 + z1.
z2 c 2 i 2d 2
z1 ac i(bc ad) bd 3. ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY:
If z1, z2 and z3 are three complex numbers, then
z2 c2 (1)d 2
(z1 + z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3).
z1 (ac bd) i(bc ad)
z2 c2 d 2
2 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
4. EXISTENCE OF ADDITIVE IDENTITY : DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY
For complex number z, we have z + 0 = 0 + z = z.
Then 0 is additive identity for complex number. If z1 z2 and z3 are three complex numbers, then
z1 (z2 + z3) = z1 z2 + z1 z3 and (z1 + z2) z3
5. EXISTENCE OF ADDITIVE INVERSE: = z1 z3 + z2 z3
Every complex number z = a + ib has z
= (a + ib) = a + i (b) as its additive inverse PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE OF COMPLEX
because z + (z) = ( z) + z = 0. NUMBERS
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX Let z, z1 and z2 are complex numbers. Then
NUMBERS
1. (z) z
1. CLOSURE PROPERTY:
2. z z 2 Re (z) = 2 Re (z) is purely real
If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers, then
number.
(z1 z2) is also a complex number.
3. z z 0 z is purely imaginary number.
4. z z 2i Im(z) is purely imaginary number.
2. COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY:
If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers, then 5. z z z is purely real number.
z1 z2 = z2 z1. 6. zz | z |2 (Re(z))2 (Im(z))2 is purely real
number.
3. ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY: 7. (z)n (z n ), n N
If z1, z2 and z3 are three complex numbers, then
8. z1 z 2 z1 z 2
(z1 z2) z3 = z1 (z2 z3).
9. z1 z 2 z1 z 2
4. EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLICATIVE 10. z1z2 z1 z 2
IDENTITY: 11. z1z2z3....zn z1 z 2 z3....z n
For complex number z, we have z 1 = 1 z = z.
z1 z1
Then 1 is multiplicative identity for complex 12. , if z 2 0
number. z2 z2
13. z1 z2 z1z2 2 Re(z1 z 2 ) 2 Re(z1z 2 )
5. EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSE
: SQUARE ROOT OF COMPLEX NUMBER
For any non-zero complex number z, there exists
another complex number z1 such that Let a + ib be a complex number such that
z z1 = z1 z = 1 a ib x iy , where a, b, x, y are real numbers.
Then z1 is called multiplicative inverse of z. a ib x iy
If z1 is called multiplicative inverse of z, then it is Squaring on both sides, we get
1 1 z a + ib = (x + iy)2
denoted by or z1 and is given by
z z | z |2 a + ib = x2 + i2y2 + 2i xy
zz | z |2 a + ib = x2 y2 + 2ixy
1 Equating real and imaginary parts separately, we
Multiplicative inverse of a complex number z
z get
is also known as the reciprocal of z. x2 y2 = a … (i)
2xy = b
Complex Numbers 3
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
b ARGAND'S DIAGRAM
y … (ii)
2x
By solving equation (i) and (ii) we get the values A complex number z = a + ib can be represented by a
of x and y which gives square roots of a complex point P (a, b) on the plane which is known as the Argand
number a + ib. plane.
Squre root of a complex number z = a + ib is To represent a complex z = a + ib geometrically, we take
given by two mutually perpendicular straight lines X'OX and
Y'OY.
If b = 0, then z reduces to a purely real number z = a and
a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
a ib i is represented by a point (a, 0) on x-axis.
2 2
If a = 0, then z reduces to a purely imaginary number z =
, if b > 0 and ib and is represented by a point (0, (b) on y-axis.
a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
a ib i
2 2
, if b < 0
To find the square root of z = a ib, replace i
by i in the above results.
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA Thus, the point P (a, b) whose x and y co-ordinates are
respectively the real and imaginary parts of z, represents
A polynomial equation with complex coefficients has at a complex number z = a + ib as shown in below figure.
least one complex root. The complex number z = a + ib is known as the affix of
A polynomial equation of degree n with complex the point P.
coefficients has n complex root. Geometrical representation of a complex number in a
plane is known as the complex plane or Argand plane or
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION IN Gaussian plane.
COMPLEX NUMBER SYSTEM In geometric representation of a complex number, the
real part is represented on x-axis, while the imaginary
The roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, part is represented on y-axis.
Hence, x-axis is called the real axis and y-axis is called
b b2 4ac b b2 4ac
where a 0 are and the imaginary axis.
2a 2a
Thus, the representation of a complex number z = a + ib
The expression b2 4ac is called the discriminant.
by the point (a, b) in a plane with reference to the axis of
If b2 4ac < 0, then the roots of the given quadratic
reals and the axis of imaginaries is called Argand's
equation are not real in nature.
diagram.
If p + iq is one of the root of a given quadratic equation
If P (a, b) is' a point in the plane, then the point P (a, b)
with real coefficients, then the other root is p iq
represents a complex number z = a + ib.
Thus, for every complex number z = a + ib there exists a
unique point (a, b) on the plane and for every point (a, b)
of the plane there exists a unique complex number
z = a + ib.
4 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
MODULUS AND ARGUMENT OF A COMPLEX 5. |zn| = |z|n, n N
NUMBER 6. |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
7. |z1z2z3 …. Zn| = | z1 | |z2 | | z3| …. |zn|
Let z = a + ib be a complex number represented by a z1 z
8. 1 , z2 0
point P (a, b) in Argand's plane as shown in below z2 z2
figure.
9. | z1 z2 |2 | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 2 Re(z1 z 2 )
10. | z1 z2 |2 | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 2 Re(z1 z 2 )
z
11. If |z1 + z2|2 = |z1 |2 + |z2|2, then 1 is purely
z2
z
imaginary or Re 1 0
z2
12. |z1 + z2| + |z1 z2|2 = 2(|z1|2 + |z2|2)
2
The length of the line segment OP is called the modulus
This is called law of parallelogram
of a complex number z = a + ib denoted by
13. |z1 + z2| |z1| + |z2|
| z | and is defined as | z | a 2 b2 14. |z1 z2| |z1| |z2|
OP = r = | z | = a 2 b2 15. |az1 bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
| z | represents the distance of point P from origin. Where a, b R.
If OP makes an angle with x-axis, then is called the
argument of z or amplitude of z and is denoted by arg PROPERTIES OF ARGUMENT OF COMPLEX
(z) or amp (z). NUMBERS
From figure, we get
OA a PA b Let z, z1 and z2 are complex numbers. Then
cos θ and sin θ 1. arg (z) = arg (z) ±
OP a b
2 2 OP a b2
2
1
PA b 2. arg (z) = arg (z) = arg
tan θ 2
OA a
b 3. The general value of arg (z) is 2n arg (z)
θ tan 1 π
a 4. arg (z z)
The unique value such that < is called
2
the principal value of the argument. 5. arg (z) arg (z) = ±n, where z is purely
The argument of z is not unique. imaginary
b 6. arg (z1 z 2 ) = arg(z1) arg(z2)
If α tan 1 , then principal values of
a 7. arg (zn) = n arg (z) + 2k, k = 0 or 1 or 1
argument of z in first, second, third and fourth 8. arg (z1 z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2) + 2k, k = 0 or 1
quadrants are , , + , respectively. or 1
9. arg (z1 z2 z3 ... zn) = arg (z1) + arg (z2) + arg (z3) +
PROPERTIES OF MODULUS OF COMPLEX ... + arg (zn) + 2k, k = 0 or 1 or 1
NUMBERS z
10. arg = 2 arg (z) + 2k, k = 0 or 1 or 1
z
Let z, z1 and z2 are complex numbers. Then z
11. arg 1 = arg (z1) arg (z2) + 2k, k = 0 or 1
1. | z | 0 | z | = 0, if z = 0 and | z | > 0, if z 0 z2
2. | z | = | z | = |z| = | z | = |zi|
or 1
3. | z | Re (z) | z | and |z| Im (x) | z |
4. zz | z |2 | z |2
Complex Numbers 5
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
z z EULERIAN (EXPONENTIAL FORM)
12. If arg 2 θ , then arg 1 2kπ θ, k I
z1 z2 REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
13. z1 z2 z1 z2 2 | z1 || z 2 | cos(θ1 θ2 ) , where
Let z = a + ib be a complex number represented by a
1 = arg (z1) and 2 = arg (z2)
point P (a, b) in Argand's plane.
Then the polar form of z is z = r (cos + i sin ) can be
POLAR FORM OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
represented in exponential form as z = r ei.
Let z = a + ib be a complex number represented by a
DE' MOIVRE'S THEOREM
point P (a, b) in Argand's plane as shown in below
figure.
If n is any positive integer, then (cos + i sin )n = cos
n + i sin n.
If z = (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin
3) ... (cos n + i sin n), then z = cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ... +
n + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)
If z = r (cos + i sin ) and n is positive integer,
1 1
2kπ θ 2kπ θ
then z n r n
cos n i sin n ,
Let (OP) = r and be the angle made by the segment
OP with a'-axis. where k = 0, 1, 2, …, n 1.
If n is any rational number, then
OP r a 2 b2
1. (cos i sin )n = cos m i sin n
a
cos θ 2. (cos i sin )n = cos n + i sin n
r
3. (cos + i sin )n = cos n i sin n
a = r cos
4. (sin + i cos )n
b
sin θ nπ nπ
r = cos nθ i sin nθ
b = r sin 2 2
Hence, the complex number z = a + ib can written
as z = r cos + ir sin CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY
z = r (cos + i sin )
This is the polar representation of a complex Let x be a cube root of unity
x 31
number z = a + ib, where r a 2 b2 and
x3 = 1
b
θ tan 1 x3 1 = 0
a (x 1)(x2 + x + 1) = 0
Here the principal value of is taken. x 1 = 0 or x2 + x + 1 = 0
For general values of argument
1 (1)2 4(1)(1)
z = r (cos (2n + ) + i sin (2n + ), where n is x = 1 or x
an integer.
2(1)
cos + i sin can be also written as cis . 1 1 4
x = 1 or x
2
1 i 3
x = 1 or x
2
6 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
1 i 3 7. 3n + 2 = 2, n N
Thus, cube roots of unity are 1, ,
2 0, if n is not a multiple of 3
8. 1 ωn ω2n
1 i 3 3, if n is a multiple of 3
2 9. (a + b2) (a2 + b) = a2 + b2 ab
One cube root of unity is real and the other two 10. (a + b) (a + b2) (a2 + b2) = a3 + b3
are complex. 11. (a + b + c2) (a + b2 + c)
The complex roots are conjugates of each other. = a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca
1 i 3 1 i 3 12. (a + b + c)(a + b + c2) (a + b2 + c)
Let α and β
2 2 = a3 + b3 + c3 3 abc
2 13. On a complex plane, the cube roots of unity lie on
1 i 3
Now α 2
2
vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a
unit circle having centre at origin with one vertex
1 2i 3 3i 2 on positive real axis.
α
2
4 14. Cube roote of 1 are 1, , 2.
2 2i 3
α2
4 SET OF POINTS IN COMPLEX PLANE
1 i 3
α2
2 If x = x + iy represents the variable point P (x, y) and
2 = z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2 represent the fixed points
2 A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2), then
1 i 3
Also β
2
2
1. |z z1| represents the distance between points
1 2i 3 3i 2
A and P.
β2
4 2. |z z1| = r represents a circle with centre at
2 2i 3 A (x1, y1) and radius r.
β2
4 3. |z z1| = |z z2| represents the perpendicular
1 i 3 bisector of the line joining the points A (x1, y1)
β2 and B(x2, y2).
2
2 =
Thus, each complex cube root of unity is the
square of the other.
Let one of them is denoted by
Cube roots of unity are 1, , 2, where
1 i 3 1 i 3
ω and ω2
2 2
As is a cube root of unity, then 3 = 1 and
l + + 2 = 0.
Properties of cube root of unity are as follows
1. 4 =
2. l + = 2
3. 1 + 2 =
4. + 2 = 1
5. 3n = l, n N
6. 3n+1 = , n N
Complex Numbers 7
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS : (c) 4 9i (d) 4 + 9i
(c) 10 + 5i (d) 10 5i
1. The a + ib form of the complex number z = (2i3)2
is 9. The a + ib form of the complex number
(a) 8 + 0i (b) 8 + 0i 2 = (1 + 3i)2 (3 + 1) is
(c) 4 + 0i (d) 4 + 0i (a) 30 + 10i (b) 30 10i
(c) 30 10i (d) 30 + 10i
2. The a + ib form of the complex number
z 3 64 is 10. The a + ib form of the complex number
(a) 3 64i (b) 3 + 64i z = (cos + i sin )3 is
(c) 3 8i (d) 3 + 8i (a) cos 3 + i sin 3 (b) cos 3 i sin 3
(c) cos + i sin (d) cos i sin
3. The a + ib form of the complex number
5 11. The a + ib form of the complex number
z i(4 3i) is
2 2 3
z is
15 15 4 3
(a) 10i (b) 10i
2 2 11 2 3 11 2 3
15 15 (a) i (b) i
(c) 10i (d) 10i 19 19 19 19
2 2
11 3 11 3
(c) i (d) i
19 19 19 19
4. The a + ib form of the complex number
z 3 6 is
12. The a + ib form of the complex number z = (l + i)
(a) 3 2 0i (b) 3 2 0i (l i)1 is
(c) 0 3 2i (d) 0 3 2i (a) 0 + i (b) 0 i
(c) 2 + i (d) 2 i
5. The a + ib form of the complex number
z 4 4 5 9 3 16 is 13. The a + ib form of the complex number
(a) 0 + 11i (b) 0 11i i(4 3i)
z is
(c) 0 + 35i (d) 0 35i 1 i
7 1 7 1
(a) i (b) i
6. The a + ib form of the complex number 2 2 2 2
z 16 3 25 36 625 is 7 1 7 1
(c) i (d) i
2 2 2 2
(a) 0 + 30i (b) 0 + 0i
(c) 0 15i (d) 0 + 15i
14. The a + ib form of the complex number
2
1 i
7. The a + ib form of the complex number z is
z 5 2 4 1 9 (2 3i)(2 3i) 1 i
(a) 5 14 i (b) 5 14 i (a) 1 + 0i (b) 1 + 0i
(c) 1 + i (d) 1+i
(c) 5 14 i (d) 5 5 14 i
15. The a + ib form of the complex number
8. The a + ib form of the complex number
z = (1 + i)3 is
2 = (2 + 3i) (2 3i) is
1 1 1 1
(a) 13 + 0i (b) 13 + 0i (a) i (b) i
4 4 4 4
8 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
1 1 1 1 23. The conjugate of the complex number
(c) i (d) i
4 4 4 4 z 5 7i is
(a) 5 7i (b) 5 7i
16. The a + ib form of the complex number (c) 5 7i (d) 5 7i
2i
z is
(3 i)(1 2i)
24. If z = 2 + 3f, then z
3 1 3 1
(a) i (b) i (a) z (b) z
5 5 5 5
3 1 3 1 (c) z (d) z
(c) i (d) i
10 10 10 10
25. If z = 2 + 3i, then zz
17. The a + ib form of the complex number complex (a) | z |2 (b) | z |2
2 4 (c) | z | (d) |z|
numbers z 1 3 (5 i)1 is
i i
35 45 35 45 26. If z = 2 + 3i, then z z is
(a) i (b) i
26 26 26 26 (a) zero (b) complex number
35 45 35 45 (c) real number (d) imaginary number
(c) i (d) i
26 26 26 26
27. If z = 2 + 3i, then z z
18. The a + ib form of the complex number (a) 4 (b) 4
3 2i 3 2i (c) 6i
z is (d) 6i
2 5i 2 5i
4 4
(a) 0i (b) 0i 28. If z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 3i, then z1 z 2
25 25
1
8 8 (a) (1 5i) (b) 3 + 2i
(c) 0i (d) 0i 13
29 29
(c) 1 4i (d) 5 + i
19. The a + ib form of the complex number
3 3 4i 29. If z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 3i, then z1 z2
1
z is 1
1 2i 1 i 2 4i (a) (1 5i) (b) 3 + 2i
13
1 23 1 23
(a) i (b) i (c) 1 4i (d) 5 + i
4 20 4 20
1 9 1 9
(c) i (d) i 30. If z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 3i, then z1 z 2
4 4 4 4
1
(a) (1 5i) (b) 3 + 2i
20. The conjugate of the complex number z 5 is 13
(a) 5i (b) 5i (c) 1 4i (d) 5 + i
(c) 5i (d) 5i
z1
31. If z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 3i, then
z2
21. The conjugate of the complex number z = 3 + i is
1
(a) 3 + i (b) 3 i (a) (1 5i) (b) 3 + 2i
13
(c) 3 + i (d) 3 i
(c) 1 4i (d) 5+i
22. The conjugate of the complex number z 5 i is
32. i93 =
(a) 5 i (b) 5 i
(a) i (b) i
(c) 5 i (d) 5 i (c) l (d) 1
Complex Numbers 9
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
33. i403 = (c) a real number
(a) 1 (b) 1 (d) an imaginary number
(c) i (d) i
43. 1 + i10 + i100 i1000 =
34. i888 = (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) i (b) i (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) l (d) 1
44. If n is an odd positive integer, then
888
35. i = 1 + i2n + i4n + i6n =
(a) 1 (b) 1 (a) 4i (b) 0
(c) I (d) i (c) 2i (d) 4
1 45. i + i2 + i3 + f4 =
36.
i58 (a) i (b) 1
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
(c) i (d) i
46. i30 + i40 + i50 + i60 =
37. i131 + i49 = (a) 0 (b) 2
(a) 0 (b) i (c) 2 (d) 4
(c) 2i (d) 2i
47. i49 + i68 + i89 + i110 =
1 (a) 2
38. i37 (b) 2
67
i (c) 2i (d) 2i
(a) 2i (b) 2i
(c) 2 (d) 2 1 2 3 5
48.
i i 2 i3 i 4
39. i65
1
(a) 3 2i (b) 3 + 2i
145
i (c) 3 + 2i (d) 3 2i
(a) i (b) 2i
(c) 2 (d) 0 49. 1 + i2 + z4 + z6 + i8 + ... + i20 =
(a) 18 (b) 18
40. (l i + i2)15 = (c) 1 (d) 1
(a) 3i (b) i
(c) 3i (d) i 4
4 1
50. (1 i) 1
i
10 20 30
41. The complex number z = 1 + i + i + i is
(a) 4 (b) 8
(a) zero
(c) 16 (d) 32
(b) an imaginary number
(c) a complex number 2 6 7 11
(d) a real number 51. 3 (i i )(1 i )
i
(a) 4 6i (b) 4 + 6i
42. The complex number z = 1 + i14 + i18 + i22 is
(c) 2 3i (d) 2 + 3i
(a) zero
(b) a complex number
10 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
i6 i7 i8 i9 (c) a real number
52.
i 2 i3 (d) an imaginary number
(a) 4 (b) 2
3
(c) 0 (d) 4 3 i
61. The complex number z is
2 2
4i8 3i9 3
53. (a) a rational number
3i11 4i10 2 (b) zero
23 5 23 5
(a) i (b) i (c) a complex number
13 13 13 13
23 15 23 15 (d) an imaginary number
(c) i (d) i
13 13 13 13
3
3 i
62. The complex number z is
3i5 2i7 i9 2 2
54.
i6 2i8 3i18 (a) zero
(a) i (b) i (b) a real number
(c) 1 (d) 1 (c) a complex number
(d) an imaginary number
i 29 i39 i 49
55.
i30 i 40 i50 5
63. The complex number z is
(a) i (b) i (1 i)(2 i)(3 i)
(c) 1 (d) 1 (a) zero
(b) a complex number
i 238 i 236 i 234 i 232 i 230 (c) an imaginary number
56.
i 228 i 226 i 224 i 222 i 220 (d) a real number
(a) i (b) i
(c) 1 (d) 1 64. The complex number
(a) zero
i592 i590 i588 i586 i584 (b) a real number
57.
i582 i580 i578 i576 i574 (c) a complex number
(a) i (b) i (d) an imaginary number
(c) 1 (d) 1
4 3isin θ
65. If a complex number z is purely real,
8 8 1 2isin θ
1 i 1 i
58. then =
2 2 π π
(a) 2 (b) 0 (a) (n 1) , n I (b) (n 1) , n I
2 2
(c) 16 (d) 32 (c) 2n, n I (d) n, n I
10 10
1 i 1 i 66. If abi = 3a b + 12i, then
59.
2 2 2 2 (a) a = ± 2, b = ± 6 (b) a = ± 2, b = ± 3
(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) a = + 6, b = ± 2 (d) a = ± 3, b = ± 2
(c) 0 (d) 2
67. If a + 2b + 2ai = 4 + 6i, then
(b) a = 3, b = 2
3 (a) a = 3, b = 2
60. The complex number z 1 i 3 is
1 1
(c) a 3, b (d) a 3, b
(a) zero (b) a complex number 2 2
Complex Numbers 11
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
3 1 3 1
(a) a ,b (b) a ,b
68. If (ab) + (a +b) i = a + 5i, then 2 2 2 2
(a) a = 5, b = 0 3 1 3 1
(b) a = 5, b = 0 (c) a ,b (d) a ,b
(c) a = 0, b = 5 (d) a = 0, b = 5 2 2 2 2
69. If (x + 2y) + (2x 3y) i + 4i = 5, then 77. If (x + iy) (5 + 6i) = 2 + 3i, then
28 3
(a) x = l, y = 2 (b) x = l, y = 2 (a) x , y
61 61
(c) x = l, y = 2 (d) x = 1, y = 2
3 28
(b) x , y
61 61
70. If (a + b) (2 + i) = b + 1 + (10 + 2a) i, then 28 3
(c) x , y
(a) a = 3, b = 7 (b) a = 3, b = 7 61 61
(c) a = 3, b = 7 (d) a = 3, b = 7 3 28
(d) x , y
61 61
71. If (4 5i) x + (2 + 3i) y = 10 7i, then
(a) x = 2, y = l (b) x = 2, y = l x 1 y 1
78. If i , then
(c) x = 2, y = l (d) x = 2, y = l 1 i 1 i
(a) x = 2, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 2
72. If (i + 3i) a + (i 1) b + 5i = 0, then
4 3 (c) x = 2, y = 2 (d) x = 2, y = 2
5 5 5 5
(a) a , b (b) a , b |
4 4 4 4 x iy 2 i 9
79. If (1 i) , then
5 5 5 5 2 3i 2 3i 13
(c) a , b (d) a , b
4 4 4 4 (a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 1, y = 2
(c) x = 1, y = 2 (d) x = 1, y = 2
73. If 2x + i9 y (2 + i) = x i7 + 10i16, then
(a) x = 4, y = 2 (b) x = 4, y = 2 x y 5 6i
80. If , then
(c) x = 4, y = 2 (d) x = 4, y = 2 1 2i 3 2i 1 8i
(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 2
x iy (c) x = 2, y = 1 (d) x = 1, y = 2
74. If 7 i ,then
2 3i
(a) x = 19, y = 17 (b) x = 17, y = 19 81. If x (1 + 3i) + y (2 i) 5 + i3 = 0, then x + y =
(c) x = 19, y = l1 (d) x = l1, y = 19 (a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 1
1
75. If 3 2i, then
a bi 82. If x + 2i + 15i6 y = 7x + i3 (y + 4), then x + y =
3 2 (a) 22 (b) 9
(a) a , b
13 13 (c) 22 (d) 9
3 2
(b) a , b
13 13 a 3i
3 2 83. If 1 i , then 5a 7b =
(c) a , b 2 ab
13 13
(a) 70 (b) 0
3 2
(d) a , b (c) 35 (d) 35
13 13
1 i
76. If (a + ib) (1 + i) = 2 + i, then 84. If a ib , then a2 + b2 =
1 i
12 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
(a) 4 (b) 2 93. If 8x2 + 2x + 1 = 0, then x =
(c) 0 (d) 1 1 7i 1 7i
(a) (b)
4 4
a ib 1 7i 1 7i
85. If x iy , then (x2 + y2)2 = (c) (d)
c id 8 8
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
(a) (b)
c2 d 2 c2 d 2 94. If x2 + 3ix + 10 = 0, then x =
a 2 b2 a 2 b2 (a) 2i, 5i (b) 2i, 5i
(c) (d) (c) 2i, 5i (d) 2i, 5i
c2 d 2 c2 d 2
x y 95. If x2 + 4ix 4 = 0, then x =
86. If x + iy = (a + ib) , then
3
(a) 2i (b) 2i
a b
(a) 2 (a2 b2) (b) 2 (a2 + b2) (c) i (d) i
(c) 4 (a2 b2) (d) 4 (a2 + b2)
96. If ix2 4x 4i = 0, then x =
87. The square root of the complex number z = 18 is (a) i (b) 2i
(a) (1 i) (b) (1 + i) (c) i (d) 2i
(c) (3 3i) (d) (3 + 3i)
97. lf x = 2 + 3i, then x3 x2 + x + 46 =
88. The square root of the complex number z = 6 + 8i (a) 4 (b) 4
is (c) 7 (d) 7
(a) 2 (2 + i) (b) 2 (2 i)
(c) 2(2 i) (d) 2(2 i) 98. If x 1 i 3 , then x3 x2 + 2x + 10 =
(a) 7 (b) 7
89. The square root of the complex number z = 16 + (c) 6 (d) 6
30i is
25
(a) ± (3 5i) (b) ± (3 + 5i) 99. If x , then 2x3 11x2 + 44x + 27 =
3 4i
(c) ± (5 3i) (d) ± (5 + 3i)
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) 52 (d) 52
90. The square root of the complex number z = 3 4i
is
100. If x 5 4 , then x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 x + 4 =
(a) ± (1 2i) (b) ± (1 + 2i)
(a) 100 82i (b) 100 + 82i
(c) ± (2 i) (d) ± (2 + i)
(c) 200 164i (d) 200 + 164i
91. The square root of the complex number
101. If x 2 i 3 , then 2x4 + 5x3 + 7x2 x + 41 =
z = 8 – 6i is
(a) 6 (b) 8
(a) ± (1 3i) (b) ± (1 + 3i)
(c) 3 (d) 4
(c) ± (1 9i) (d) ± (1 + 9i)
102. If x = 5 + 4i, then x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 x + 164 =
92. If 2x 2 3x 1 0 , then x =
(a) 200 (b) 0
5 i 3 3i 5
(a) (b) (c) 100 (d) 100
4 4
5 i 3 3i 5
(c) (d)
2 2
Complex Numbers 13
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
103. The modulus and amplitude of the complex 110. The modulus and amplitude of the complex
number z = 3 respectively are number z 3 i respectively are
(a) 3, 45 (b) 3, 0 5π 11π
(a) 2, (b) 2,
(c) 3, 45 (d) 3, 0 6 6
5π 11π
(c) 4, (d) 4,
104. The modulus and amplitude of the complex 6 6
number z = 1 + i respectively are
3π π 111. The modulus and amplitude of the complex
(a) 2, (b) 2,
4 4 number z = 7 5i respectively are
5 5
74, tan 1 (b) 74, tan 1
5π 8π
(c) 2, (D) 2, (a)
4 4 7 7
7 7
(c) 74, tan 1 (d) 74, tan 1
105. The modulus and amplitude of the complex 5 5
number Z 1 i 3 respectively are
π 5π 112. The modulus and amplitude of the complex
(a) 2, (b) 2,
3 3 number z = (1 + 2i)2 (1 i) respectively are
π
5 2, tan 1 7 5 2, tan 1 7
5π
(c) 4, (d) 4, (a) (b)
3 3
(c) 2, tan 1 7 (d) 2, tan 1 7
106. The modulus and amplitude of the complex
113. The polar form of the complex number z = 2 is
number z = 1 + 3i respectively are
(a) 1 (cos + i cos )
1 1
(a) 10, tan 1 (b) 10, tan 1 (b) 1 (cos 0 + i cos 0)
3 3
(c) 2 (cos + i cos )
(c) 10, tan 1 3 (d) 10, tan 1 3
(d) 2 (cos 0 + i cos 0)
107. The modulus and amplitude of the complex
114. The polar form of the complex number z = i is
number z = 3 (1 i) respectively are
π π
5π 3π (a) 1 cos isin
(a) 2 3,
4
(b) 2 3,
4 2 2
5π 3π π π
(c) 3 2, (d) 3 2, (b) 1 cos isin
4 4 2 2
3π 3π
(c) 1 cos isin
108. The modulus and amplitude of the complex 2 2
number z = 8 + 15i respectively are 3π 3π
(d) 1 cos isin
8 8
(a) 17, tan 1 (b) 17, tan 1 2 2
15 15
15 15
(c) 17, tan 1 (d) 17, tan 1 115. The polar form of the complex number z = 2i is
8 8 π π
(a) 2 cos isin
2 2
109. The modulus and amplitude of the complex π π
number z = 4 4i respectively are (b) 2 cos isin
2 2
5π 3π
(a) 4 2, (d) 4 2, π π
4 4 (c) 4 cos isin
5π 3π 2 2
(c) 2 2, (d) 2 2,
4 4
14 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
π π 15
(d) 4 cos isin (c) 17 (cos + i cos ), where θ tan 1
2 2 8
15
(d) 17 (cos + i cos ), where θ tan 1
116. The polar form of the complex number z = 3i is 8
π π
(a) 9 cos isin
2 2 120. The polar form of the complex number
π π z 1 i 3 is
(b) 9 cos isin
2 2 2π 2π
(a) 2 cos isin
π π 3 3
(c) 3 cos isin
2 2 2π 2π
(b) 2 cos isin
π π 3 3
(d) 3 cos isin
2 2 4π 4π
(c) 2 cos isin
3 3
117. The polar form of the complex number 4π 4π
(d) 2 cos isin
1 1 3 3
z i is
2 2
π π 121. The polar form of the complex number
(a) 1 cos isin
4 4 z 3 i is
π π 11π 11π
(b) 1 cos isin (a) 2 cos isin
4 4 6 6
π π 11π 11π
(c) 2 cos isin (b) 2 cos isin
4 4 6 6
π π 5π 5π
(d) 2 cos isin (c) 2 cos isin
4 4 6 6
5π 5π
(d) 2 cos isin
118. The polar form of the complex number 6 6
1 3
z i is
2 2 122. The polar form of the complex number
π π z 6 i 2 is
(a) 1 cos isin
6 6 (a) 38(cosθ icosθ) , where
π π 2
(b) 1 cos isin θ tan 1
6 6
6
π π
(c) 1 cos isin 2
3 3 (b) 38(cosθ icosθ) , where θ tan 1
6
π π
(d) 1 cos isin (c) 38 (cos + i cos ), where
3 3
2
θ tan 1
119. The polar form of the complex number 2 = 8 + 15i 6
2
is (d) 38 (cos + i cos ), where θ tan 1
8 6
(a) 17 (cos + i cos ), where θ tan 1
15
8
(b) 17 (cos + i cos ), where θ tan 1
15
Complex Numbers 15
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
1 i (b) 2(cosθ icosθ) , where
123. The polar form of the complex number z
2 3 1
is θ tan 1
3 1
5π 5π
(a) 1 cos isin (c) 2(cosθ icosθ) , where
4 4
3 1
5π 5π θ tan 1
(b) 1 cos isin 3 1
4 4
(d) 2(cosθ icosθ) , where
π π
(c) 1 cos isin
4 4 3 1
θ tan 1
π π 3 1
(d) 1 cos isin
4 4
127. The exponential form of the complex number
124. The polar form of the complex number z = 6 i is z = 2 is
1 (a) ei (b) ei0
(a) 37(cosθ icosθ) , where θ tan 1
6 (c) 2ei (d) 2ei0
1
(b) 37(cosθ + icosθ) , where θ tan 1
6 128. The exponential form of the complex number
1 z = i is
(c) 37(cosθ icosθ) , where θ tan 1 π π
6 i i
1 (a) e 2 (b) e 2
(d) 37(cosθ + icosθ) , where θ tan 1 π 2π
6 (c) (d)
3 3
1
125. The polar form of the complex number z is 129. If 1 i 3 reiθ , then =
1 i
1 7π 7π 2π π
(a) (b)
(a) cos isin 3 3
2 4 4
π 2π
1 7π 7π (c) (d)
(b) cos isin 3 3
2 4 4
1 π π
(c) cos isin 130. The exponential form of the complex number
2 4 4 z 1 i 3 is
1 π π 2π 2π
(d) cos isin i i
2 4 4 (a) 2e 3 (b) 2e 3
4π 4π
i i
126. The polar form of the complex number (c) 2e 3 (d) 2e 3
i 1
z is
π π 131. The exponential form of the complex number
cos isin
3 3 z 3 i is
(a) 2(cosθ icosθ) , where 11π
i
11π
i
3 1 (a) 2e 6 (b) 2e 6
θ tan 1 5π 5π
3 1 i i
(c) 2e 6 (d) 2e 6
16 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
132. The exponential form of the complex number π
i
z 6 i 2 is 137. The complex number z e 3 in the form x + iy is
2 1 3 1 3
38eiθ , where θ tan 1 (a) i (b) i
(a) 2 2 2 2
6
1 3 1 3
2 (c) i (d) i
(b) 38eiθ , where θ tan 1 2 2 2 2
6
2 3π
(c) 38ei, where θ tan 1
i
138. The complex number z 2e 4 in the form
6
x + iy is
2
(d) 38ei, where θ tan 1 (a) 1 + i (b) 1 i
6 (c) 1 + i (d) 1 i
133. The exponential form of the complex number 5π
i
1 139. The complex number z e 6 in the form x + iy
z is
1 i is
7π π 3 1 3 1
1 i
1 i 4 (a) i (b) i
(a) e 4 (b) e 2 2 2 2
2 2
3 1 3 1
7π π (c) i (d) i
1 i 4 1 i 4 2 2 2 2
(c) e (d) e
2 2
4π
i
π π 140. The complex number z e 3 in the form x + iy
134. The complex number z 3 cos isin is
6 6
1 3 1 3
in the form x + iy is (a) i (b) i
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
(a) i (b) i 1 3 1 3
2 2 2 2 (c) i (d) i
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
(c) i (d) i
2 2 2 2
5π π
i i
141. The complex number z 3e 12 × 4e 12 in the
135. The complex number
form x + iy is
7π 7π
z 2 cos isin in the form x + iy (a) 12 (b) 12
4 4
(c) 12i (d) 12i
is
(a) 2 (1 + i) (b) 2 (1 i) 142. The complex number
(c) 1+I (d) 1i π π
2 cos isin
12 12
136. The complex number z in the form x + iy
5π 5π
5π 5π 2 cos isin
z 7 cos isin in the form x + 6 6
6 6
is
iy is 1 1 1 1
(a) i (b) i
3 1 3 1 2 2 2 2
(a) 7 i (b) 7 i
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
(c) i (d) i
3 1 3 1 2 2 2 2
(c) 7 i (d) 7 i
2 2 2 2
Complex Numbers 17
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
143. If arg (z) = , then arg(z) (a) cos 2 + i sin 2
(a) (b) (b) cos 2 i sin 2
(c) (d) + (c) cos 22 + i sin 22
(d) cos 22 i sin 22
z z
144. If z = r (cos + i sin ), then
z z 150. The complex number
4
(a) cos 2 (b) 2 cos 2 7π 7π
2 sin cos 13 isin 13
(c) 2 cos (d)
z in the from x + iy is
6
4π 4π
8 cos 13 isin 13
π π
145. The complex number z cos isin
3 3 (a) 0 i (b) 0+i
in the form x + iy is (c) 1 + 0i (d) 1 + 0i
1 3 1 3
(a) i (b) i
2 2 2 2 151. The modulus and argument of
1 3 1 3
8
(c) i (d) i z 1 i 3 respectively are
2 2 2 2
2π 8π
(a) 2, (b) 256,
146. The complex number 3 3
15 2π 4π
π π (c) 256, (d) 64,
z cos isin in the form x + iy is 3 3
10 10
(a) 1 + 0i (b) 1 + 0i 152. The modulus and argument of
0i
(c) (d) 0+i 5
z 2 3 2i respectively are
(cos 2θ isin 2θ)7 (a) 1024 3 1024i (b) 512 3 512i
147. The complex number z in
(cos 4θ isin 4θ) 3 (c) 1024 3 1024i (d) 512 3 512i
the form x + iy is
(a) cos 2 + i sin 2 135. The complex number in the z (1 i)5 form x + iy
(b) cos 2 i sin 2 is
(c) cos 26 + i sin 26 (a) 4 4i (b) 4 + 4i
(d) cos 26 i sin 26 (c) 4 + 4i (d) 4 4i
cos5θ isin 5θ
4
148. The complex number z in the 154. The complex number in the z 1 i 3 form
(cos3θ isin 3θ)2
x + iy is
form x + iy is
(a) 8 8 3i (b) 8 8 3i
(a) cos 11 i sin 11
(c) 8 8 3i (d) 8 8 3i
(b) cos 11 + i sin 11
(c) cos i sin
155. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of
(d) cos + i sin
z, if | 2 2 3i |represents
(a) the distance between points (x, y) and
149. The complex number in the
7 (2, 3)
(cos5θ isin 5θ)
z form x + iy is (b) the distance between points (x, y) and
(cos 4θ isin 4θ)3
( 2, 3)
18 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
(c) the distance between points (x, y) and (2, 3) 163. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of
(d) the distance between points (x, y) and z, if | z 2 3i | = | z + 1 i | is
( 2, 3) (a) 6x + 4y .11 = 0
(b) 6x 4y + 11 = 0
156. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of (c) 6x + 4y + 11 = 0
z, if | z | = 10 is (d) 6x 4y 11 = 0
(a) x + y = 100 (b) x + y = 10
2 2
(c) x + y = 100 (d) x2 + y2 = 10 164. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of
| z 3i |
z, if 1 is
157. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of | z 6i |
z, if | z 3 | = 2 is (a) 2y + 1 = 0 (b) 2y 1 = 0
(a) (x 3)2 + y2 = 2 (b) (x 3)2 + y2 = 4 (c) 2y + 3 = 0 (d) 2y 3 = 0
(c) (x + 3)2 + y2 = 2 (d) (x + 3)2 + y2 = 4
165. If is the complex cube root of unity, then 18 =
158. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of (a) 0 (b) 1
z, if | z 2 3i | = 5 is (c) 1 (d)
(a) (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 5
(b) (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 5 166. If is the complex cube root of unity, then 21 =
(c) (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 25 (a) 0 (b) 1
(d) (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25 (c) 1 (d)
159. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of 167. If is the complex cube root of unity, then 30 =
z, if | z 5 + 6i | = 5 is (a) 1 (b) 1
(a) (x 5)2 + (y + 6)2 = 25 (c) 0 (d)
(b) (x 5)2 + (y 6)2 = 25
(c) (x 5)2 + (y + 6)2 = 5 168. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
(d) (x 5)2 + (y 6)2 = 5 105 =
(a) 1 (b) 1
160. If z = x + iy and | z zi | = 1, then (c) 0 (d)
(a) z lies on x-axis
(b) 2 lies on y-axis 169. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
(c) 2 lies on a rectangle 1
ω
(d) z lies on a circle ω
(a) 1 (b)
161. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of (c) (d)
z, if | z + 8 | = | z 4 | is
(a) x 4 = 0 (b) x + 4 = 0 170. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
1 1
(c) x 2 = 0 (d) x + 2 = 0
ω ω2
162. The equation in Cartesian coordinates of locus of (a) 1 (b) 1
z, if | z 2 2i | = | z + 2 + 2i | is (c) (d)
(a) xy=0 (b) x + y = 0
(c) xy=8 (d) x + y = 0 171. If ( 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + )7 =
A + B, then A and B are respectively the
numbers
(a) 0, 1 (b) 1, 1
Complex Numbers 19
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
(c) 1, 0 (d) 1, 1 (c) a 3 b3 (d) a 3 + b3
172. If is the complex cube root of unity, then 180. If co is the complex cube root of unity, then
(1 + 2)3 = (a + b)2 + (a + b2)2 + (a2 + b)2 =
(a) (b) (a) 6ab (b) 3ab
(c) 1 (d) 1 (c) 6ab (d) 3ab
173. If co is the complex cube root of unity, then 181. If is, the complex cube root of unity, then
1 ω ω 2 2 + 3 + 4 =
(a) 1 (b) 0
ω ω2 1
(c) 1 (d)
ω2 1 ω
(a) 0 (b) 1 182. If co is the complex cube root of unity, then
(c) 2 (d) 2 99 + 100 + 101 =
(a) 1 (b) 1
174. If is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) 0 (d) 1
(1 + )3 (1 + 2)3 =
(a) 2 (b) 1 183. If is a complex cube root of unity and n is a
(c) 1 (d) 0 multiple of 3, then 1 + n + 2n =
(a) 3 (b) 3
175. If is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) 1 (d) 0
(2 ) (2 2) =
(a) 7 (b) 2 184. If is a complex cube root of unity and n is not a
(c) 7 (d) 5 multiple of 3, then 1 + n + 2n =
(a) 1 (b)
176. If is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) (d) 0
(1 + ) (1 + 2) (1 + 4) (1 + 8) =
(a) 1 (b) 1 185. If is the complex cube root of, unity, then
(c) (d) (1 + 2)3 =
(a) 0 (b) 8
177. If is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) 2 (d) 8
(1 ) (1 2) (1 4) (1 5) =
(a) 9 (b) 9 186. If co is the complex cube root of unity, then
(c) 8 (d) 8 (1 + 2)6 =
(a) 64 (b) 64
178. If co is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) 32 (d) 32
(a + b) + (a + b2) + (a2 + b) =
(a) 1 (b) 0 187. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
(c) 2
(d) 2 (1 2)3 + (1 + 2)3 =
(a) 0 (b) 8
179. If co is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) 8 (d) 16
(a b) (a b) (a b2) =
(a) a2 b2 (b) a2 + b2
20 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
188. If is the complex cube root of unity, then 197. If x = 1 + b, y = a + and z = + b, where
(2 + + 2)3 (1 3 + 2)3 = and are complex cube root of unity, then xyz =
(a) 64 (b) 64 (a) a3 + b3 (b) a3 b3
(c) 65 (d) 65 (c) a2 + b2 (d) a2 b2
189. If is the complex cube root of unity, then 198. If x = a + b, y = a + b2 and z = a2 + b,
(1 + 2)5 + (l + 2)5 = where is a complex cube root of unity a, b R
(a) 0 (b) 64 then x + y + z =
(c) 32 (d) 32 (a) (b)
(c) 1 (d) 0
190. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
(1 + 2)6 + (l + 2)6 = 199. If x = a + b, y = a + b2 and z = a2 + b,
(a) 64 (b) 64 where is a complex cube root of unity a, b R
(c) 218 (d) 128 then x3 + y3 + z3 =
(a) 3(a + b) (b) 3(a3 + b3)
191. If is the complex cube root of unity, then (c) 3ab (d) 0
(3 + 3 + 52)6 (2 + 6 + 22)3 =
(a) 0 (b) 128 200. The complex cube root of 8 are
(c) 64 (d) 64 (a) 2, 2, 22 (b) 2, 2, 22
(c) 2, 2, 22 (d) 2, 2, 22
192. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
a bω cω2
c aω bω2
(a) (b)
193. If is the complex cube root of unity, then
18 18
1 i 3 1 i 3
2 2
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 1
194. If and are complex cube root of unity, then
(1 ) + (l ) (1 2) (1 2) =
(a) 3 (b) 3
(c) 9 (d) 9
195. If and are complex cube root of unity, then
2 + 2 + =
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) (d) 2
196. If and are complex cube root of unity, then
4 + 4 + 1 1 =
(a) 2 (b)
(c) 0 (d) 1
Complex Numbers 21
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
ANSWERS 171 C 172 C 173 A 174 D 175 C
176 B 177 A 178 B 179 C 180 A
1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 A
181 B 182 C 183 A 184 D 185 D
6 B 7 C 8 A 9 D 10 A
186 B 187 A 188 D 189 C 190 C
11 B 12 A 13 C 14 B 15 D
191 A 192 D 193 B 194 D 195 B
16 D 17 D 18 D 19 C 20 B
196 C 197 A 198 D 199 B 200 C
21 B 22 D 23 A 24 A 25 B
26 C 27 D 28 B 29 C 30 D
31 A 32 A 33 D 34 C 35 B
36 B 37 A 38 B 39 D 40 B
41 D 42 C 43 A 44 B 45 C
46 A 47 D 48 C 49 D 50 C
51 B 52 C 53 D 54 A 55 B
56 C 57 D 58 A 59 C 60 C
61 A 62 D 63 C 64 B 65 D
66 A 67 C 68 B 69 C 70 D
71 D 72 B 73 A 74 B 75 D
76 C 77 C 78 B 79 A 80 B
81 C 82 D 83 B 84 D 85 B
86 C 87 D 88 C 89 B 90 C
91 A 92 B 93 C 94 D 95 A
96 D 97 D 98 C 99 A 100 C
101 A 102 B 103 D 104 B 105 A
106 C 107 D 108 C 109 A 110 B
111 B 112 A 113 C 114 D 115 A
116 D 117 B 118 C 119 C 120 B
121 C 122 A 123 B 124 B 125 A
126 A 127 C 128 D 129 D 130 B
131 C 132 A 133 A 134 B 135 D
136 A 137 B 138 A 139 C 140 D
141 C 142 D 143 A 144 A 145 B
146 D 147 A 148 B 149 C 150 D
151 C 152 D 153 C 154 B 155 C
156 C 157 B 158 C 159 A 160 D
161 D 162 B 163 A 164 D 165 B
166 C 167 A 168 B 169 A 170 B
22 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
SOLUTIONS : 8 2i 3 3 11 2i 3
16 3 19
1. z = (2i3)2 = ( 2i)2 = 4i2 = 4 + 0 i 11 2 3
= i
19 19
2. z 3 64 3 8 1 3 8i
1 i 1 i 1 2i i 2
12. z = (1 + i) (1 i)1 =
5 15 15 1 i 1 i 1 i2
3. z i(4 3i) 10i i 2 10i
2 2 2 1 2i 1 2i
= 0i
11 2
4. z 3 6 3i 6i 18i 2 3 2
= 3 2 0i i(4 3i) 4i 3i 2 4i 3 4i 3 1 i
13. z
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
5. z 4 4 5 9 3 16 4(2i) 5(3i) 3(4i) 4i 4i 2 3 3i i 4 3 7 i 7 1
= i
= 8i + 15i 12i = 11i 1 i 2 11 2 2 2
2
6. z 16 3 25 36 625 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i i i
2 2 2
14. z
= 4i + 3 (5i) + 6i 25i = 15i + 15i = 0 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 2
2 2
1 2i 1 2i
z 5 2 4 1 9 (2 3i)(2 3i) = i = 1 = 1 + 0i
2
7. =
11 2
= 5 + 4i + 1 3i + 4 9i2 = 5 + 5 + i + 9
= 5 14 i 1
15. x (1 i)3
(1 i)3
8. z = (2 + 3i) (2 3i) = 4 9i = 4 9i
2 2
1 1
= 4 + 9 = 13 = 13 + 0i
2
1 3i 3i i 1 3i 3 i
3
1 1 1 1 i
=
9. z = (1 + 3i)2 (3 + i) = (1 + 6i + 9i2) (3 + i) 2 2i 2(1 i) 2(1 i) 1 i
= (1 + 6i 9) (3 + i) = ( 8 + 6i) (3 + i) 1 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 1
= 24 8i + 18i + 6i2 = 24 + 10i 6 = . i
2 1 i 2 2(1 1) 4 4 4
= 30 + 10i
2i 2i 2i
16. z
10. z = (cos + i sin )3 (3 i)(1 2i) 3 6i i 2i 2 3 5i 2
= cos3 + 3i cos2 sin + 3i2 cos sin2 2i 2i 2 i 1 i
=
+ i3 sin3 5 5i 5(1 i) 5(1 i) 1 i
= cos3 + 3i (1 sin2 ) sin
1 2 2i i i 2 2 i 1 3 i 3 1
3 cos (1 cos2 ) i sin3 = . i
5 1 i2 5(1 1) 10 10 10
= cos3 + (3 sin 3 sin3 ) i
3 cos + 3 cos3 i sin3
2 4
= (4 cos3 3 cos ) + (3 sin 4 sin3 ) i 17. z 1 3 (5 i)1
i i
= cos 3 + i sin 3
2i 4i 1
1 3 .
i 2
i2 5 i
2 3 2 i 3 2 i 3 4 i 3
11. z (1 2i)(3 4i) 3 4i 6i 8i 2 3 10i 8
4 3 4 i 3 4 i 3 4 i 3 =
5i 5i 5i
8 2i 3 4i 3 3i 2
= 5 10i 5 10i 5 i
16 3i 2 =
5i 5i 5i
Complex Numbers 23
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
25 5i 50i 10i 2 zz = (2 + 3i) (2 3i) = (2)2 (3)2 = 4 9i2 = 4 + 9
25 i 2 = 13
25 45i 10 35 45i 35 45 | z |2 = | 2 + 3i |2 = (2)2 + (3)2 = 4 + 9 = 13
= i
25 1 26 26 26 zz = | z |2
z z = 2 + 3i + 2 3i = 4 R
3 2i 3 2i z z = (2 + 3i) (2 3i) = 2 + 3i 2 + 3i = 6i
18. z
2 5i 2 5i
(3 2i)(2 5i) (3 2i)(2 5i)
28. (b)
(2 5i)(2 5i)
6 15i 4i 10i 2 6 15 4i 10i 2 29. (c)
=
4 25i 2
12 10 10 8 8
= 0i 30. (d)
4 25 29 29
31. z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 3i z1 = 1 i, z 2 = 2 + 3i
1 3 3 4i
19. z z1 z 2 = 1 i + 2 + 3i = 3 + 2i
1 2i 1 i 2 4i
z1 z 2 = (1 i) (2 + 3i)
1 i 3 6i 3 4i
= 1 i 2 – 3i = 1 4i
1 i 2i 2i 2 2 4i
z . z 2 = (1 i) . (2 + 3i)
4 5i 3 4i 4 5i 3 4i
= = 2 + 3i 2i 3i2 = 2 + i + 3
1 i 2 2 4i 3 i 2 4i
=5+i
12 16i 15i 20i2 12 i 20 32 i
= z1 1 i 1 i 2 3i 2 3i 2i 3i 2
6 12i 2i 4i 2 6 14i 4 2 14i
z 2 2 3i 2 3i 2 3i 4 9i 2
32 i 2 14i 64 448i 2i 14i2
= 2 5i 3 1 5i 1
2 7i 2 14i 4 196i2 = (1 5i)
49 13 13
64 450i 14 50 450i 1 9
= i
4 196 200 4 4
32. z = i92 = i92 i = (i2)46 i = ( 1)46 i = (1) i = i
20. z 5 5i z 5i
33. z = i403 = i402 I = (i2)201 i = ( 1)201 i = i ( 1) = i
21. z=3+I z =3i
34. z = i888 = (i2)444 = ( 1)444 = 1
22. z 5 i z 5 i
35. z = i888 = (i2)444 = ( 1)444 = 1
23. z 5 7i z 5 7i 1 1 1 1
36. z 1
i 1
58 2 29 29
i (1)
24. (a)
25. (b) 37. z = i131 + i49 = i i130 + i i48 = i (i2)65 + i (i2)24
= i ( 1)65 + i ( 1)24 = i ( 1) + i (1) = i + i = 0
26. (c)
1 i
38. z i37 i36i
67 68
27. z = 2 + 3i z = 2 3i i i
z 2 3i 2 3i z
24 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
z = i + i2 + i4 + i6 + i8 + i10 + i12 + i14 + i16 + i18 + i20
9 i i 49.
i4 i 19 i
i4 = 1 1 + 1 + (i2)3 + (i2)4 + (i2)5 + (i2)6 + (i2)7
17
117
+ (i2)8 + (i2)9 + (i2)10
i
= (1)i i i 2i = 1 + ( 1)3 + ( 1)4 + ( 1)5 + ( 1)6
1
+ ( 1)7 + ( 1)8 + ( 1)9 + ( 1)10
=11+11+11+11+1=1
1 i 32 i
39. z i65 ii64 i i2
i2
145 146 73
i i 4 4
4 1 i
50. (1 i) 1 (1 i) 4 1
i i i i2
= i 1
32
i(1) ii 0
1 73 1 4
4i
(1 i) 1
1
40. z = (1 i + i2)15 = (1 i 1)15 = (1 + i)4 (1 i)4 = ((1 + i) (1 i))4
1 1 i i i i = (1 – i2)4 = (1 + 1)4
=
15 15 16 4 4 4
(i) i i (i ) 1 1 = 24 = 16
=i
2 6 7 11
51. 3 (i i )(1 i )
41. 10 20 30
z = 1 + i + i + i = 1 + (i ) + (i ) + (i ) 2 5 2 10 2 15 i
= 1 + ( 1)5 + ( 1)10 + ( 1)15 2i
= 3 ((i 2 )3 i(i 2 )3 )(1 i(i 2 )5 )
=11+11=0R i2
2i
= 3 ((1)3 i(1)3 )(1 i(1)5 )
42. z = 1 + i14 + i18 + i22 = 1 + (i2)7 + (i2)9 + (i2)11 1
= 1 + ( 1)7 + ( 1)9 + ( 1)11 = (3 2i) ( 1 + i) (1 i)
=1111=2R = (3 2i) ( 1 + i + i i2)
= (3 2i) ( 1 + 2i + 1)
43. 1 + i10 + i100 i1000 = 1 + (i2)5 + (i2)50 (i2)500 = (3 2i) (2i) = 6i 4i2 = 4 + 6i
= 1 + ( 1)5 + ( 1)50 ( 1)500 = 1 1 + 1 1 = 0
i6 i7 i8 i9
52. z
44. Here n is an odd positive integer i 2 i3
1 + i2n + i4n + i6n = 1 + (i2)n + (i2)2n + (i2)3n (i 2 )3 i(i 2 )3 (i 2 )4 i(i 2 )4
= 1 + ( 1)n + ( 1)2n + ( 1)3n = 1 1 + 1 1 = 0 i 2 ii 2
(1)3 i(1)3 (1)4 i(1)4
z = i + i2 + i3 + i4 = i 1 i + 1 = 0 =
45. 1 i(1)
1 i 1 i
z = i30 + i40 + i50 + i60 = (i2)15 + (i2)20 + (i2)25 + (i2)30 0
46. 1 i
= ( 1)15 + ( 1)20 + ( 1)25 + ( 1)30
=1+11+1 4i8 3i9 3 4(i 2 )4 3i(i 2 ) 4 3
=0 53.
3i11 4i10 2 3i(i 2 )5 4(i 2 )5 2
4(1)4 3i(1)4 3 4(1) 3i(1) 3
47. 49
z=i +i +i +i 68 89 110
=
3i(1) 4(1) 2 5 3i(1) 4(1) 2
= i (i2)24 + (i2)34 + i (i2)44 + (i2)55
4 3i 3 7 3i 7 3i 2 3i
= i (1)24+ ( 1)34 + i ( 1)44 + ( 1)55 =
3i 4 2 2 3i 2 3i 2 3i
= i (1) + 1 + i (1) + ( 1) = i + 1 + i 1 = 2i
14 21i 6i 9i2 14 15i 9 23 i
=
4 9i 2 49 13
1 2 3 5 i 2 3i 5
48. z
2 3 4 2
i i i i i i2 i4 i4
Complex Numbers 25
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
23 15
i (1 2i i2 )5 (1 2i i2 )5
= =
13 13 32 32
5
(1 2i 1) (1 2i 1)5 (2i)5 (2i)5
=
3i5 2i7 i9 3i(i 2 )2 2i(i 2 )3 i(i 2 ) 4 32 32 32 32
54.
i6 2i8 3i18 (i 2 )3 2(i 2 )4 3(i 2 )9 32i 5
32i 5
= 0
3i(1)2 2i(1)3 i(1)4 3i(1) 2i(1) i(1) 32 32
=
3
(1) 2(1) 3(1) 4 9 1 2(1) 3(1)
3
3i 2i i 2i 60. z 1 i 3
= i
1 2 3 2
= (1)3 3(1)2 i 3 3(1)(i 3)2 (i 3)3
i 238 i 236 i 234 i 232 i 230 = 1 3i 3 9i 2 3 3i3 1 3 3 9 3i 3
55.
i 228 i 226 i 224 i 222 i 220 =8R
i 230 (i8 i6 i 4 i 2 1)
= 3
i 220 (i8 i6 i 4 i 4 1) 1 3 (1 i 3)3
61. z
= i10 = (i2)5 = ( 1)5 = 1 2 8
(1)3 3(1)2 (i 3) 3(1)(i 3)2 (i 3)3
i 592
i 590
i 588
i 586
i 584 =
57. 8
582 580 578 576
i i i i i574 1 3(1)(i 3) 3(3)i 3 3i3
2
=
(i8 i6 i 4 i 2 1)i584 8
=
(i8 i6 i 4 i 2 1)i574 1 3i 3 9 3i 3 8
=
= i10 = (i2)5 = ( 1)5 = 1 8 8
=1Q
8 8
1 i 1 i (1 i)8 (1 i)8
58.
3 i
3
2 2 ( 2)8 ( 2)8 62. z
(1 i) (1 i)
2 4 2 4 2 2
3 i 3 i i
= 2 3
3 3
24 24 3 3
8 4 2 2 4 8
(1 2i i2 )4 (1 2i i2 )4
= 3 3 9 3 3 1
16 16 = i i = i is an imaginary
(1 2i 1) 4
(1 2i 1)4 8 8 8 8
= number
16 16
4 4
(2i) (2i) 16i4 16i4
= 5 5
16 16 16 16 63. z
(1 i)(2 i)(3 i) (1 i)(6 2i 3i i 2 )
=1+1=2
5 5 1
=
10 10 (1 i)(6 5i 1) (1 i)(5 5i) (1 i)(1 i)
1 i 1 i
59. 1 1 1 i i
2 2 2 2 =
2 1 2i 1 2i 2
10 10
1 i i i 2i 2
1 i 1 i
is purely imaginary number
2 2
(1 i)2 (1 i) 2
5
7 i 3 7 i 3
(1 i)10 (1 i)10 64. z
= 7 i 3 7 i 3
( 2)10 ( 2)10 25 25
26 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
( 7 i 3)2 ( 7 i 3) 2 70. (a.+ b) (2 + i) = b + 1 + (10 + 2a) i
=
7 3i 2 (2a + 2b) + (a + b)i = b + l + (10 + 2a) i
7 2i 21 3i 2 7 3i 2 14 3 3 2a + 2b = b + l and a + b = 10 + 2a
=
73 10 2a + b = l ... (i)
8 4 a + b = 10 ...(ii)
= R
10 5 By (i) + 2 (ii), we get
2a + b 2a + 2b = 1 + 20 3b = 21 b = 7
4 3isin 4 3isin 1 2isin From (ii), we get
65. z
1 2isin 1 2isin 1 2isin a = 7 10 = 3
4 8isin 3isin 6i sin 2
2
=
1 4i 2 sin 2 71. (4 5i) x + (2 + 3i)y = 10 7i
4 11isin 6sin 2 4x 2y + 3yi = 10 7i
=
1 4i 2 sin 2 4x + 2y + ( 5x + 3y) i = 10 7i
4 6sin 2 11sin 4x + 2y = 10
1 4sin 2 1 4sin 2 2x + y = 5 ...(i)
For z to be purely real, Im (z) = 0 5x + 3y = 7 ...(ii)
11sin By 5 (i) + 2 x (ii), we get
0
1 4sin 2 10x + by l0x + 6y = 25 14
11 sin = 0 sin = 0 11y = 11 y = 1
= n, n I From (i), we get
2x + l = 5 2x = 4 x = 2
66. abi = 3a b + 12i 3a b = 0 and ab = 12
b = 3a and 3a2 = 12 72. (i4 + 3i) a + (i 1) = 5i3 = 0
a2 = 4 ± 2 (1 + 3i) a + (i 1) b 5i = 0
b = 3 (± 2) = ± 6 a + 3ai + bi b = 5i a b + (3a + b) I = 0 + 5i
a b = 0 and 3a + b = 5
67. a + 2b + 2ai = 4 + 6i 2a = 6 and a + 2b = 4 a = b and 3a + a = 5
a = 3 and 3 + 2b = 4 4a 5
2b = 1
5
a b
5
1 4 4
b
2
73. 2x + i9 y (2 + i) = x i7 + 10i16
68. (a b) + (a + b) i = a + 5i 2x + ( 1)4 y (2i + i2) = xi (i2)3 + 10 (i2)8
a b = a and a + b = 5 2x + ( l) (2yi y) = xi ( l)3 + 10 ( 1)8
b = 0 and a + b = 5 0 and a + 0 = 5 2x + (1) (2yi y) = xi ( 1) + 10 (1)
a=5 2x + 2yi y = xi + 10
2x y + (x + 2y) i = 10 + 0i
69. (x + 2y) + (2x 3y) i + 4i = 5 2x y = 10 …(i)
(x + 2y) + (2x 3y) i = 5 4i x + 2y = 0
x + 2y = 5 ...(i) x = 2y ...(ii)
2x 3y = 4 ... (ii) From (i) and (ii), we get
By 3 (i) + 2 (ii), we get 4y y = 10 5y = 10 y = 2
3x + 6y + 4x 6y = 15 8 7x = 7 x = 1 From (ii), we get
From (i), we get x = 2 ( 2) x = 4
1 + 2y = 5 2y = 4 y = 2
Complex Numbers 27
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
x iy From (i), we get
74. 7 i x + iy = (7 i) (2 + 3i)
2 3i x+2=0x=2
x + iy = 14 + 21i 2i 3i2 = 14 + 19i + 3 = 17 +
19i x iy 2 i 9
79. (1 i)
x = 17, y = 19 2 3i 2 3i 13
(x iy)(2 3i) (2 i)(2 3i) 9
(1 i)
75.
1
3 2i a bi
1 4 9i 2 13
a bi 3 2i 2x 3xi 2yi 3yi 2 4 6i 2i 3i 2 9
1 3 2i 3 2i 3 2i 3 2i (1 i)
a bi 49 13
3 2i 3 2i 9 4i 2 9 4 13 2x 3xi 2yi 3y 4 8i 3 9
(1 i)
3 2 13 13
a ,b
13 13 2x + 3y + 1 + i ( 3x + 2y) + 8i = 9 + 9i
2x + 3y + i (3x + 2y) = 8 + i
76. (a + ib) (1 + i) = 2 + i 2x + 3y = 8 ...(i)
2i 3x + 2y = 1
a bi ... (ii)
1 i
By 3 (i) + 2 (ii), we get
2 i 1 i
a bi 6x + 9y 6x + 4y = 24 + 2 13y = 26 y = 2
1 i 1 i
From (i), we get
2 2i i i 2 2 i 1 3 i
2x +3 (2) = 8 x + 3 = 4 x = 1
1 i2 11 2
3 1
a ,b x y 5 6i
2 2 80.
1 2i 3 2i 1 8i
x(3 2i) y(1 2i) 5 6i
77. (x + iy) (5 + 6i) = 2 + 3i
(1 2i)(3 2i) 1 8i
2 3i 2 3i 5 6i
x iy 3x 2xi y 2yi 5 6i
5 6i 5 6i 5 6i
3 2i 6i 4i 2 1 8i
10 12i 15i 18i 2 10 3i 18
x iy 3x y i(2x 2y) 5 6i
25 36i 2 25 36
3 8i 4 1 8i
28 3i 28 3 3x y 2i(x y) 5 6i
x iy i
61 61 61 1 8i 1 8i
28 3
x ,y (3x + y) + 2 (x + y) i = 5 + 6i
61 61
3x + y = 5 ... (i)
2 (x + y) = 6
x 1 y 1 (x 1)(1 i) (y 1)(1 i)
78. i i x+y=3 ... (ii)
1 i 1 i 1 i2
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
x xi 1 i y yi 1 i
i 3x + y x y = 5 3 2x = 2 x = 1
11
x y (y x 2)i From (ii), we get
i
2 l+y=3y=2
x + y + (y x) 2i = 2i
x + y + ( x + y) i = 0 + 4 i 81. x (1 + 3i) + y (2 i) -- 5 + i3 = 0
x+y=0 ...(i) x + 3xi + 2y yi 5 i = 0
x+y=4 ...(ii) x + 2y + (3x y) i = 5 + i
Adding (i) and (ii), we get x + 2y = 5 ...(i)
x + y x + y = 2 + 2 2y = 4 y = 2 3x y = 1 ... (ii)
By (i) + 2 (ii), we get
28 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
3x + 2y + 6x 2y = 5 + 2 7x = 7 x = 1
x y
a 2 3b2 3a 2 b2
From (i), we get a b
1 + 2y = 5 2y = 4 y = 2 = 4a2 4b2 = 4 (a2 b2)
x+y=1+2=3
87. Here a = 0, b = 18 > 0
82. x + 2i + 15i6 y = 7x + i3 (y + 4) Now
x + 2i + 15 (i2)3 y = 7x i (y + 4)
a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
x + 2i + 15 ( 1)3 y = 7x iy 4i a ib i
2 2
x + 2i 15y 7x + iy = 4i
6x 15y + iy = 0 6i a 2 b2 0 182 182 18
6x 15y = 0 and y = 6 18 0 18 0 18 18
18 i i
6x 15 ( 6) = 0 x 15 = 0 x = 15
2 2 2 2
x + y = 15 6 = 9
=
9 i 9 (3 3i)
a 3i
83. 1 i a + 3i = (2 + ib) (1 i)
2 ib 88. Here a = 6, b = 8 > 0
a + 3i = 2 2i + bi - bi2 Now
a + 3i = 2 + (b 2) i + b
a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
a = b + 2 and b 2 = 3 a = b + 2 and b = 5 a ib i
2 2
a = 5 + 2 and b = 5 a = 7 and b = 5
5a 7b = 5 (7) 7 (5) = 35 35 = 0
a 2 b2 62 82 36 64 100 10
10 6 10 6
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i i i 2 1 2i 1 6 8i i
84. a ib 2 2
1 i 1 i 1 i 12 i 2 11
2i 16 4
= i i
2 2 2
a = 0 and b = 1
a 2 + b2 = 0 + 12 = 1 =
8 i 2 2(2 i)
89. Here a = 16, b = 30 > 0
a ib Now
85. x iy
c id
a ib a ib a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
(x iy)2 (x iy)2 a b i
c id c id 2 2
2 a ib a ib
2
(x iy) (x iy) .
c id c id a 2 b2 (16)2 302
a 2 i2 b2 256 900 1156 = 34
((x iy)(x iy)) 2
c2 i 2d 2 34 16 34 16
16 30i i
(x 2 i 2 y2 )2
a 2 b2
(x 2 y2 )2
a 2 b2 2 2
c2 d 2 c2 d 2 18 50
= i
2
9 i 25 (3 5i)
3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2
86. x + iy = (a + ib) = a + 3a ib + 3a i b + i b
= a3 + 3a2 bi 3ab2 b3 i
90. Here a = 3, b = 4 < 0
= a (a2 3b2) + ib (3a2 b2)
x = a (a2 3b2) and y = b (3a2 b2)
x y
a 2 3b2 and 3a 2 b2
a b
Complex Numbers 29
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
Now 3i 7i 3i 7i 3i 7i 4i 10i
= , ,
2 2 2 2 2
a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
a ib i = 2i, 5i
2 2
95. Here a = 1, b = 4i, c = 4
a 2 b2 32 (4)2 9 16 25 5
b b2 4ac (4i) (4i)2 4(1)(4)
53 53 8 2 x
3 4i i i 2a 2(1)
2 2 2 2
=
4 i 1 (2 i) =
4i 16i 2 16 4i 16 16 4i 0
2
2
2
4i
= 2i
91. Here a = 8, b = 6 < 0 2
Now
96. Here a = i, b = 4, c = 4i
a 2 b2 a a 2 b2 a
a ib i
2 2 b b2 4ac (4) (4)2 4(i)(4i)
x
2a 2(i)
a 2 b2 (8)2 (6)2
4 16 16i2 4 16 16 4 0 4 2i
=
64 36 100 10 2 2 2i 2i i 2
10 8 10 8 2i
8 6i i = 2i
2 2 1
2 18
= i
1 i 9 (1 3i)
2 97. x = 2 + 3i x 2 = 3i (x 2)2 = (3i)2
2
x2 4x + 4 = 9i2 x2 4x + 4 = 9
x2 4x + 13 = 0
92. Here a = 2, b = 3 , c = 1
2
b b2 4ac 3 3 4(2)(1)
x
2a 2(2)
3 38 3 5 3i 5
=
4 4 4
93. Here a = 8, b = 2, c = 1
x3 x2 + x + 46 = (x2 4x + 13) (x + 3) + 7
b b2 4ac 2 (2)2 4(8)(1)
x = (0) (x + 3) + 7 = 0 + 7 = 7
2a 2(8)
2 4 32 2 28 2 2 7i
= 98. x 1 i 3 x 1 = i 3
16 16 16
2
1 7i (x 1)2 = i 3 3i2
=
8 x2 2x + 1 = 3i2 x2 2x + 1 = 3
x2 2x + 4 = 0
94. Here a = 1, b = 3i, c = 10
b b2 4ac (3i) (3i)2 4(1)(10)
x
2a 2(1)
3i 9i 2 40 3i 9 40 3i 49
=
2 2 2
30 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
x3 x2 + 2x + 10 = (x2 2x + 4) (x + 1) + 6
= (0) (x + 1) + 6 = 0 + 6 = 6
25 25 3 4i
99. x
3 4i 3 4i 3 4i
25(3 4i) 25(3 4i)
9 16i 2 9 16
25(3 4i)
= 3 4i
25
x 3 = 4i (x 3)2 = (4i)2 x2 6x + 9 = 16i2
2x4 + 5x3 + 7x2 x + 41
x2 6x + 9 = 16 x2 6x + 25 = 0
= (x2 + 4x + 7) (2x2 3x + 5) + 6
= (0) (2x2 3x + 5) + 6 = 0 + 6 = 6
102. x = 5 + 4i x + 5 = 4i (x + 5)2 = 16i2
x2 + 10x + 25 = 16 x2 + l0x + 41 = 0
2x3 11x2 + 44x + 27
= (x2 6x + 25) (x2 6x + 25) (2x + 1) + 2
= (0) (2x + 1) + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2
100. x = 5 + 2i x + 5 = 2i (x + 5)2 = (2i)2
x2 + 10x + 25 = 4i2 x2 + 10x + 25 = 4
x2 + 10x + 29 = 0
x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 x + 164
= (x2 + l0x + 41) (x2 x + 4) + 0
= (0) (x2 x + 4) = 0
103. z = 3 a = 3 > 0, b = 0
| z | a 2 b2 32 0 9 3
b 0
amp z = tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 0 0
a 3
104. z = 1 + i a = 1 > 0, b = 1 > 0
x + 9x + 35x x + 4
4 3 2
| z | a 2 b2 12 12 1 1 2
= (x2 + l0x + 29) (x2 x + 16) 132x 460 b 1
amp z = tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 1
= (0)(x2 x + 16) 132x 460 a 1 4
= 0 132 ( 5 + 2i) 460 = 660 164i 460
= 200 164i 105. z 1 i 3 a = 1 > 0, b 3 0
3
2
101. x 2 i 3 | z | a 2 b2 12 1 3 4 2
3
2
x 2 i 3 (x 2)2 i 3 b
amp z = tan 1 tan 1 tan
1
3
a 1 3
x2 + 4x + 4 = 3i2 x2 + 4x + 4 = 3
x2 + 4x + 7 = 0
Complex Numbers 31
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
106. z = 1 + 3i a = 3 > 0 b 7
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 7
b 3 a 1
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 3
a 1
113. Here a = 2 < 0, b = 0
107. z = 3 + 3i a = 3 < 0, b = 3 > 0 r a 2 b2 (2)2 0 4 2
| z | a 2 b2 (3)2 32 9 9 18 b 0
amp z tan 1 tan 1
=3 2 a 2
b 3 3 The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 (1)
a 3 4 z = 2 (cos + i cos )
108. z = 8 + 15i a = 8 < 0, b = 15 > 0 114. Here a = 0, b = 1 < 0
| z | a 2 b2 (8)2 152 64 22 289 r a 2 b2 0 (1)2 1 1
b 1 3
amp z tan 1 tan 1
= 17
b 15 15 a 0 2
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
a 8 8 The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
3 3
z 1 cos isin
109. z = 4 4i a = 4 < 0, b = 4 < 0 2 2
| z | a 2 b2 (4)2 (4)2
16 16 32 115. Here a = 0, b = 2 > 0
= 4 2 r a 2 b 2 0 22 2 2 2
b 4 5 b 2
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 (1) amp z tan 1 tan 1
a 4 4
a 0
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
110. z 3 i a 3 0 , b = 1 < 0
z 2 cos isin
| z | a 2 b2 2 2
3
2
(1)2 3 1 4 2 116. Here a = 0, b = 3 > 0
b 1 11 r a 2 b2 0 32 32 3
amp z tan 1 tan 1
a 3 6 b 3
amp z tan 1 tan 1
a 0 2
111. z = 7 5i a = 7 > 0, b = 5 < 0 The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
2 2 2 2
| z | a b 7 (5) 49 25 74
z 3 cos isin
2 2
b 5 5
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
a 7 7
1 1
117. Here a 0, b 0
2 2
112. z = (1 + 2i) (1 i) = (1 + 4i + 4i ) (1 i)
2 2
2 2
= (1 + 4i 4) (1 i) 1 1
2
r a b 2
= ( 3 + 4i) (1 i) = 3 + 3i + 4i 4i2 2 2
= 3 + 7i + 4 = 1 + 7i 1 1
1 1
a = 1 > 0, b = 7 > 0 2 2
| z | a 2 b2 12 72 1 49 50 5 2
32 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
3
1 2
r a 2 b2 (1)2 3 1 4 2
b
amp z tan 1 tan 1 2 tan 1 1
a 1 4 b 1 5
amp z tan 1 tan 1
2 a 3 6
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos ) The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
5 5
z 1 cos isin 2 cos isin
4 4 6 6
118. Here a
1
0, b
3
0 122. Here a = 6 < 0, b 2 0
2
2 2 2
2
r a 2 b2 (6)2 36 2 38
1 3
2
r | z | a 2 b 2 2
2 2 b 1 2
amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan
a 6 6
1 3
1 =1 The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
4 4
z = 38 (cos + i cos ), where
3
2
b
amp z tan 1 tan 1 2 tan 1 3 tan 1
a 1 3 6
2
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos ) 1 1
123. Here a 0, b 0
2 2
= 1 cos isin
3 3 r | z | a 2 b2
2 2
1 1 1 1
119. Here a = 8 > 0, b = 15 > 0 22
2 2
r a 2 b2 82 152
= 1 1
64 225 289 17
1
b 15
amp z tan 1 tan 1 b 5
a 8 amp z tan 1 tan 1 2 tan 1 1
a 1 4
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
2
15
z = 17 (cos + i cos ), where tan 1 The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
8 5
= 1 cos isin
4 4
120. Here a = 1 < 0, b 3 0
3
2
r a 2 b2 (1)2 1 3 4 2 124. Here a = 6 > 0, b = 1 < 0
r | z | a 2 b2 62 (1)2 36 1 37
1 3
amp z tan 1 b
tan
1
tan 3 b 1 1
a 1 amp z tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
2 a 6 6
= The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos )
3
1
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos ) = 37 (cos + i cos ), where tan 1
2 2 6
z 2 cos isin
3 3
1 1 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
125. z
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i2 1 1 2
121. Here a 3 0 , b = 1 > 0
1 1
= i
2 2
Complex Numbers 33
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
Here a
1 1
0, b 0 The exponential form is z = 2ei
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 128. From question 114, we get
r a 2 b2 3
2 2 4 4 2 r = 1 and amp z
2
1
b 3 3
amp z tan 1 tan 1 2 tan 1 (1)
i i
The exponential form is z 1e 2 e 2
a 1
2
7 129. From question 120, we get
=
4 2
= amp z
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos ) 3
1 7 7
z cos isin
2 4 4 130. From question 120, we get
2
r = 2 and amp z
i 1 1 i 1 i 3
126. z 2
cos isin 1 i 3 1 i 3
i
The exponential form is z 2e 3
3 2 2 2
2(1 i) 2(1 i) 1 i 3
= 131. From question 121, we get
1 i 3 1 i 3 1 i 3
5
=
1 1 i 3 i i 2 3 2
3 1 3 1 r = 2 and amp z
6
2 1 3 5
1 3i i
=
2
3 1 i 3 1 3 1
3 1
i
The exponential form is z 2e 6
4 2 2
132. From question 122, we get
3 1 3 1 2
Here a 0, b 0
2 2 r= 38 and amp z tan 1
2 2 6
3 1 3 1
2
r a b 2
The exponential form is
2 2 2
z 38e , where tan 1
3 2 3 1 3 2 3 1 6
=
4 4
42 342 3 133. From question 125, we get
4 1 7
r and amp z
8 2 4
= 2
4 7
1 i 4
b 3 1 The exponential form is z e
amp z tan 1 tan 1 2
a 3 1
The polar from is z = r (cos + i cos ) 3 1
3 1 134. z 3 cos isin 3 i
2 (cos + i cos ), where tan 1 6 6 2 2
=
3 1 3 3
= i
2 2
127. From question 113, we get
r = 2 and amp z =
34 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
7 7 1 1 143. Here arg (z) =
135. z 2 cos isin 2 i
4 4 2 2 Let z = r (cos + i sin )
=1i z = r (cos i sin ) = r (cos ( ) + i sin ( ))
arg ( z ) =
5 5 3 1
136. z 7 cos isin 7 i
6 6 144. z = r (cos + i sin ) = rei0
2 2
z = r (cos i sin ) = re i
z z rei rei
1 = e2 i + e2 i
137. z e 3 1 cos isin
3
i z z rei rei
3 3 2 2 = cos 2 + i sin 2 + cos 2 i sin 2 = 2 cos 2
3
i 3 3 8
8
8
138. z 2e 2 cos isin
4
145. z cos isin cos isin
4 4 3 3 3 3
1 1 2
= 2 i 1 i = cos 2 isin 2
2 2 3
2 2 1 3
= cos isin i
i 3 1 3 3 2 2
139. ze 6 1 cos isin i
6 6 2 2
15
146. z cos isin
10 10
i 3
140. z e 1 cos isin
3
15 15 3 3
3 4 = cos isin cos isin
10 10 2 2
1 3
i = 0 i ( 1) = i = 0 + i
2 2
1 3 (cos 2 isin 2 )7 (cos isin )14
= i 147. z
2 2
(cos 4 isin 4 )3 (cos isin )12
5
= (cos + i sin )2 = cos 2 + i sin 2
5 i
i i i
141. z 3e 12 4e 12 12e 12 12 12e 2
(cos5 isin )5 cos5 isin 5
= 12 cos isin 148. z
2
2 2 (cos3 isin 3 ) (cos(3 isin( 3 )) 2
= 12 (0 + i) = 12i (cos isin )5
= (cos isin )11
6
(cos isin )
= cos 11 + i sin 11
2 cos isin i
12 12 2e 12
142. z
5 5 5
2 cos isin i (cos5 isin 5 ) 2 (cos5 isin 5
2e 6 149. z
6 6 (cos 4 isin 4 ) 3
(cos( 4 isin( 4 ))3
5 3
i i (cos isin )10
1 1 (cos isin )22
= e 12 6 e 4 =
12
2 2 (cos isin )
1 3 3 = cos 22 + I sin 22
= cos isin
2 4 4
1 1 1 1 1
= i i
2 2 2 2 2
Complex Numbers 35
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
4 b 2
7 7 amp z1 = tan 1 tan 1
cos 13 isin 13 a 2 3
150. z
1 5
tan 1
6
4 4
cos 13 isin 13 3 6
5
28 28 5 5
cos isin z 4 cos isin
= 13 13 6 6
24 24 5
cos isin
= 1024 cos isin
13 13
6 6
cos 2 isin 2 5
= = 1024 cos isin
2 6 6
cos 2 isin 2
13
= 1024 cos isin
2 2 6 6
cos isin
=
13 13 1 1 0i
2 2 = 1024 cos isin
cos isin 6 6
13 13
3 1
= 1024 cos isin 1024 i
6 6 2 2
151. Let z1 1 i 3
Here a = 1,b 3 0 = 512 3 512i
3
2
z1 a 2 b2 12 1 3 4 2
153. Let z1 = 1 i
amp z1 Here a = 1, b = < 0
3 r a 2 b2 12 1 1 1 2
b
3 3
2
= tan 1 tan 1 1
tan
a 1 b 1
8 amp z1 = tan 1 tan 1
a 1
z 2 cos isin 7
3 3 tan 1 (1)
8 4
5
= 256 cos isin 7 7
3 3 z 2 cos isin
4 4
= 256 cos isin 5
3 3
= 4 2 cos 2 isin 2
4 4
= 256 cos 2 isin 2 5
3 3
= 4 2 cos isin
4 4
= 256 cos isin
3 3 5 5
= 4 2 cos isin
2 4 4
|z| = 256 and arg z =
3
= 4 2 cos isin
4 4
152. Let z1 = 2 3 2i
Here a = 2 3,b 2 0 = 4 2 cos isin
4 4
2 3
2
2 1 1
2
r a 2 b2 4 2 i
2 2
12 4 16 4
= 4 + 4i
36 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
154. Let z1 = 1 i 3 160. | z zi | = 1 | x + iy (x + iy) i | = 1
Here a = 1,b 3 0 | x + iy xi yi2 | =1 | x + y + I (y x) | = 1
x2 + 2xy + y2 + y2 2xy + x2 = 1 2x2 + 2y2 = 1
2
r a 2 b2 12 3 1 3 4 2 1
x 2 y2 wcich represents a standard circle of
3 2
b
amp z1 = tan 1 tan 1
a 1
1
tan 3
1
redius .
2
5
=
3
4 161. Let z = x + iy
5 5
z 2 cos isin | z + 8 | = | z 4 | | x + iy + 8 | = | x + iy 4 |
3 3 | x + 8 + iy |2 = (x 4)2 + y2
4
x2 + 16x + 64 = x2 8x + 16
= 16 cos 2 isin 2
3 3 24x + 48 = 0 x + 2 = 0
4
= 16 cos isin 162. Let z = x + iy
3 3
| z 2 2i | = | z + 2 + 2i |
4 4 | x + iy 2 – 2i | = | x + iy + 2 + 2i |
= 16 cos isin
3 3 | x 2 + i (y 2) |2 | x + 2 + i (y 2) |2
(x 2)2 + (y 2)2 = (x + 2)2 + (y + 2)2
= 16 cos isin
3 3 x2 4x + 4 + y2 4y + 4
1 3 = x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 4y + 4
= 16 cos isin 16 i
3 3 2 2 8x 8y = 0 x + y = 0
= 8 8 3 i
163. Let z = x + iy
| z 2 3i | = | z + 1 i |
155. Let z = x + iy
| x + iy 2 – 3i | = | x + iy + 1 i |
z 2 3i x iy 2 3i (x 2)2 (y 3) 2
| x 2 + i (y 3) |2 | x + 1 + i (y 1) |2
represents the distance between points (x, y) and (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y 1)2
(2,3). x2 4x + 4 + y2 6y + 9
= x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 2y + 1
156. Let z = x + iy 6x 4y = 0 6x + 4y 11 = 0
| z | = 10 | x + iy | =10 | x + iy |2 = 100
x2 + y2 = 100 164. Let z = + iy
| z 3i |
1 | z + 3i | = | z 6i |
| z 6i |
157. Let z = x + iy | x + iy + 3i | = | x + iy 6i |
| z 3 | = 2 | x + iy 3 | = 2 |x 3 + iy |2 = 4 | x + i (y + 3) | 2 = | x + i (y 6) | 2
(x 3)2 + y2 = 4 x2 + (y + 3)2 = x2 + (y – 6)2
y2 + 6y + 9 = y2 12y + 36
158. Let z = x + iy 18y 27 = 0 2y 3 = 0
| z 2 3i | = 5 | x + iy 2 3i | = 5
| x 2 + i (y 3) |2 = 25 (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 25 165. 18 = (3)6 = (1)6 = 1
159. Let z = x + iy 166. 21 = (3)7 = (1)7 = 1
| z 5 + 6i | = 5 | x + iy 5 + 6i | = 5
| x 5 + I (y + 6)2 = 25 (x 5)2 + (y + 6)2 = 25 167. 30 = (3) 10 = (1) 10 = 1
Complex Numbers 37
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
= a (1 + + 2) + b (1 + + 2)
168. 105 = (3)35 = (1) 35 = 1 = a (0) + b (0) = 0
1 2
1 179. (a b) (a b) (a b2)
169. 1
= (a b) (a2 ab2 ab + b2 3)
= (a b) (a2 ab (2 + ) + b2 (1))
1 1 1 2 = (a b) (a2 ab ( 1) + b2)
170. 1
2 2 2 = (a b) (a2 + ab + b2)
= a3 b3
171. (1 + )7 = ( 2)7 = 14 = 12 2 = (3)4 2
= (1)4 2 = (1) 2 = 2 = 1 + = A + B 180. (a + b)2 (a + b2)2 + (a2 + b)2
A = 1, B = 1 = (a + b) (a + b2)2 + (a2 + b)2
= (a + b)2 + a2 2 + 2ab 3 + b2 4 + a2 4
172. (1 + 2) = ( )3 = 3 = 1 + 2ab 3 + b2 2
= (a + b)2 + a2 2 + 2ab (1) + b2 3
1 + a2 3 + 2ab (1) + b2 2
173. 1 = 3 1 (2 2) + 2 ( 4) = (a + b)2 + a2 2 + 2ab + b2 (1)
+ a2 (1) + 2ab + b2 2
1
= (a + b)2 + a2 2 + 4ab + b2 + a2 + b2 2
= 1 1 (0) + 2 ( 3)= 2 ( (1)) = (a + b)2 + a2 (2 + ) + 4ab + b2 ( + 2)
= 2 ( ) = 0 = a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 ( 1) + 4ab + b2 ( 1)
= a2 + 6ab + b2 a2 b2 = 6ab
174. (1 + )3 (1 + 2)3
= ( 2)3 ( )3 = (3)2 + 3 181. 2 + 3 + 4 = 2 (1 + + 2) = 2 (0) = 0
= (1)2 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 0
182. 99 + 100 + 101 = 99 (1 + + 2) = 99 (0) = 0
175. (2 ) (2 ) = 4 2 2 +
2 2 3
= 4 2 (2 + ) + 1 = 5 2 ( 1) = 5 + 2 = 7 183. is complex cube root of unity.
n is a multiple of 3, then n = 3k where n, k N
176. (1 + ) (1 + 2) (1 + 4) (1 + 8) 1 + n + 2n = 1 + 3k + 2 (3k) = 1 + (3)k + (3)2k
= ( 2) ( ) (1 + 3) (1 + 2 (3)2) = 1 + (1)k + (1)2k = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
= 3 (1 + (1)) (1 + 2 (1)2 )
= (1) (1 + ) (1 + 2 (1)) 184. is complex cube root of unity.
= ( 2) (1 + 2) = ( 2) ( ) = 3 = 1 n is not a multiple of 3, then n = 3k + 1 where n,
kN
177. (1 ) (1 2) (1 4) (1 5) 1 + n + 2n = 1 + 3k+1 + 2 (3k+1)
= (1 ) (1 2) (1 3) (1 2 3) = 1 + 3k + 2 2(3k) = 1 + (3)k + 2 (3)2k
= (1 ) (1 2) (1 ) (1 2 ) = 1 + (1)k + 2 (1)2k = 1 + + 2 = 0
= (1 )2 (1 2)2
= ((1 ) (1 2))2 = (1 2 + 3)2 185. (1 + 2)3 = (1 + 2 3)6 = ( 22)6 = 64 12
= (1 (2 + ) + 1)2 = (2 ( 1))2 = (2 + 1)2 = 32 = 64 (3)4 = 64 (1)4 = 64 (1) = 64
=9
187. (1 2)3 + (1 + 2)3
2 2
178. a + b + a + b + a + b
38 Complex Numbers
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
= (1 ( + 2))3 (1 + 2 )3 = 18 + 36 = (3)6 + (3)12
= (1 ( 1))3 + ( )3 = (1 + 1)3 + ( 2)3 = (1)6 + (1)12 = 1 + 1 = 2
= 23 83 = 8 8 (1) = 8 8 = 0
194. and are complex cube root of unity, then
188. (2 + + ) (1 3 + )
2 3 2 3
1 i 3 1 i 3
α ω,β ω2
= (2 1)3 ( 3)3 = (1)3 ( 4)3 2 2
= 1 + 643 = 1 + 64 (1) = 1 + 64 = 65 2 = 2 and 2 = 4 =
(1 ) (1 ) (1 2) (1 2)
189. (1 + 2)5 + (1 + 2)5 = (1 ) (1 2) (1 2) (1 2) (1 )
= (1 + 2 )5 + (1 + 2 2)5 = (1 )2 (1 2)2 = ((1 )(1 2))2
= ( )5 + ( 2 2)5 = ( 2)5 + ( 22)5 = (1 2 + 3)2 = (1 (2 + ) + 1)2
= 325 3210 = 325 (1 + 2) = (2 ( 1))2 = (2 + 1)2 = 32 = 9
= 325 = ( )
= 326 = 32 (3)2 = 32 (1) = 32 195. and are complex cube root of unity, then
1 i 3 1 i 3
α ω,β ω2
190. (1 + 2)6 + (1 + 2)6 2 2
= (1 + 2 )6 + (1 + 2 2)6 = and = =
2 2 2 4
= ( )6 + ( 2 2)6 = ( 2)6 + ( 22)6 2 + 2 + = 2 + + () (2) = 2 + + 3
= 646 + 6412 = 64 (3)2 + 64 (3)4 = 2 + + 1 = 0
= 64 (1)2 + 64 (1)4 = 64 (1) + 64 (1)
= 64 + 64 = 128 196. and are complex cube root of unity, then
1 i 3 1 i 3
α ω,β ω2
191. (3 + 3 + 52)6 (2 + 6 + 22)3 2 2
= (3 (1 + ) + 52)6 (2 (1 + 2) + 6)3 2 = 2 and 2 = 4 =
= ( 32 + 52)6 ( 2 + 6)3 = (22)6 (4)3 4 + 4 + 1 1
1 1
= 6412 643 = 64 (3)4 643 = α4 β4 ω4 ω2
αβ ωω2
= 64 (1)4 64 (1)
1 1
= 64 (1) 64 = 64 64 = 0 = ω ω2 ω ω2 ω ω 2 1 0
3
ω 1
192.
a bω cω2
ω2 a bω cω2 197. and are complex cube root of unity, then
c aω bω2 cω2 aω3 bω4 1 i 3 1 i 3
=
ω2 a bω cω2 ω2 a bω cω2 α=
2
ω,β
2
ω2
= and = =
2 2 2 4
aω3 bωω3 cω2 a(1) bω(1) cω2
xyz = (a + b) (a + b) (a + b)
ω2 a bω cω
2
= ω2
2
a bω cω = (a + b) (a2 + ab2 + ab2 + b2 )
= (a + b) ( a2 3 + ab (2 + ) + b2 3)
193. is complex cube root of unity, then = (a + b) (a2 (1) + ab ( 1) + b2 (1))
1 + + 2 = 0 = (a + b) (a2 ab + b2)
and 3 = 1, where = a 3 + b3
1 3 1 3i
= and ω2
2 2 198. is a complex cube roots of unity.
18 18
1 i 3 1 i 3 x + y + z = a + b + a + b2 + a2 + b
= + ( )
18 2 18
2 2 = a (1 + + 2) + b (1 + + 2)
= a (0) + b (0) = 0 + 0 = 0
Complex Numbers 39
SURESH DANI AND SONS CLASSES
199. is a complex cube roots of unity.
x3 + y3 + z3 = (a + b)3 + (a + b2)3 + (a2 + b)3
= a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + b3
+ a3 3 + 3a2 2 b2 + 3a b2 4 + b3 6
+ a3 6 + 3a2 4 b + 3a2 b2 2 + b3 3
= a3 (1 + 3 + 6) + 3a2 b (1 + 4 + 5)
+ 3ab2 (1 + 5 + 4) + b3 (1 + 6 + 3)
= a3 (1 + 3 + (3)2) + 3a2 b (1 + 3 + 2 3)
+ 3ab2 (1 + 2 3 + 3) + b3 (1 + (3)2 + 3)
= a3 (1 + 1 + (1)2) + 3a2 b (1 + (1) + 2 (1))
+ 3ab2 (1 + 2 (1) + (1)) + b3 (1 + (1)2 + 1)
= a3 (2 + 1) + 3a2 b (1 + + 2)
+ 3ab2 (4 + 2 + )
+ b3 (2 + 1)
= 3a3 + 3a2 b (0) + 3ab2 (0) + 3b3 = 3 (a3 + b3)
200. Let x 3 8
x3 = 8 x3 8 = 0 x3 23 = 0
(x 2) (x2 + 2x + 4) = 0
2 (2)2 4(1)(4) 2 4 16
x 2, 2,
2(1) 2
2 12 2 2i 3
= 2, 2, 2, 1 i 3
2 2
= 2, 1 i 3, 1 i 3
1 i 3 1 i 3
But = and ω2
2 2
2
2 = 1 i 3 and 2ω 1 i 3
Cube root of 8 are 2, 2, 22
40 Complex Numbers
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