Carried out a comparative stylistic analysis

of French and English.

Amplification use more words (the charge against

him> the charge brought against him).

False friend decieves the user into thinking the

meaning is the same ( French librarie means not
English library but bookstore).

Supplementary translation produres: Loss, gian and compensation Professor

Newmark>Peter).

Explification: the level of grammar.

1. Identify the units of translation.

Generalization: The use of a more general word in the
TT ( Ex: ST computer > TT machine, or ST ecstatic >
2. Examine the SL text evaluating the descriptive,
TT happy).
affective and intellectual content of the units.

Optional: As soon as she got up ---> dès qu'elle s'est

3. Reconstruct the matalinguistic contest of the =>Analytical Steps levée.
message.

Transposition: A change of one part of speech for Obligatory: dès son lever( upon her rising) in a past
4. Evaluate the stylistic effects.
Vinay and Darbelnet's another without changing a sense. context ---> as soon as she got up.

5. Produce and revise the TT.

Taxonomy in Comparative Ten different categories: Verb--> Noun
Adverb--> Verb
word order and thematic structure Stylistics of French and
The lexicon Obligatory: The time when translates as le moment òu
syntactic structure English ('the moment where')
Oblique
cohesive links (also, and, but; parabell structure, Translation ( Other four procedures) Modulation: This changes the semantics Optional: It is not difficult to show >< il est
The message The stability between language and and point of view of the SL.
however, pronouns) facile de desmontrer (it's easy to show)
indentifying different translation
servitude (Spanish) qgua fria (water cold)->cold water strategies" and "procedure" => 3 levels etc
[English]
The two general translation
Esquivalence, or idomatic translation: languages
strategies identified Ex: comme un chien dans un jeu de quilles ( like a dog
option (this problem/question/issue) example: describe the same situation by different stylistic or
in a game of skittles) --> like a bull in China shop.
[English] My mother will phone at six o'clock> [Spanish] structural means.
a las seis llamara mi madre (at six will phone my
mother)
Adaption: Changing the cultura; reference when a
situation in the source culture does not exist in the Example: the Tour de France
target culture.

Borrowing: The SL word is transferred dectly to the TL

Example: Sushi, kimono, Internet...
uses other languages to fill the semantic gap in the TL.

Example: The French calque science-fiction for

Calque: This is 'a special kind of borrowing'
Direct Translation ( Three Procedures) English.

Ex: (Eng)I left my spectacles on the table

Literal Transition: This is 'word-for-word' translation downstairs ---> (Fre) J' ai laissé mes lunettes sur la
table en bas.