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Introduction
• Arrays
– Structures of related data items
– Static entity – same size throughout program
2
Name of array
Arrays (Note that all
elements of this
• Array array have the
same name, c)
– Group of consecutive memory locations
– Same name and type c[0] -45
c[1] 6
• To refer to an element, specify c[2] 0
c[3] 72
– Array name c[4] 1543
– Position number c[5] -89
c[6] 0
• Format: c[7] 62
arrayname[ position number ] c[8] -3
c[9] 1
– First element at position 0 c[10] 6453
– n element array named c: c[11] 78
• c[ 0 ], c[ 1 ]...c[ n – 1 ]
Position number
of the element
within array c
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Arrays
• Array elements are like normal variables
c[ 0 ] = 3;
printf( "%d", c[ 0 ] );
– Perform operations in subscript. If x equals 3
c[ 5 - 2 ] == c[ 3 ] == c[ x ]
Declaring Arrays
• When declaring arrays, specify
– Name
– Type of array
– Number of elements
arrayType arrayName[ numberOfElements ];
– Examples:
int c[ 10 ];
float myArray[ 3284 ];
• Declaring multiple arrays of same type
– Format similar to regular variables
– Example:
int b[ 100 ], x[ 27 ];
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Examples Using Arrays
• Initializers
int n[ 5 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
– If not enough initializers, rightmost elements become 0
int n[ 5 ] = { 0 }
• All elements 0
– If too many a syntax error is produced syntax error
– C arrays have no bounds checking
• If size omitted, initializers determine it
int n[ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
– 5 initializers, therefore 5 element array
1 /* Fig. 6.8: fig06_08.c 6
2 Histogram printing program */
3 #include <stdio.h>
4 #define SIZE 10
5
1. Initialize array
6 int main()
7 { 2. Loop
8 int n[ SIZE ] = { 19, 3, 15, 7, 11, 9, 13, 5, 17, 1 };
9 int i, j;
10 3. Print
11 printf( "%s%13s%17s\n", "Element", "Value", "Histogram" );
12
13 for ( i = 0; i <= SIZE - 1; i++ ) {
14 printf( "%7d%13d ", i, n[ i ]) ;
15
16 for ( j = 1; j <= n[ i ]; j++ ) /* print one bar */
17 printf( "%c", '*' );
18
19 printf( "\n" );
20 }
21
22 return 0;
23 }
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7
Element Value Histogram
0 19 *******************
1 3 ***
2 15 ***************
Program Output
3 7 *******
4 11 ***********
5 9 *********
6 13 *************
7 5 *****
8 17 *****************
9 1 *
Examples Using Arrays
• Character arrays
– String “first” is really a static array of characters
– Character arrays can be initialized using string literals
char string1[] = "first";
• Null character '\0' terminates strings
• string1 actually has 6 elements
– It is equivalent to
char string1[] = { 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', '\0' };
– Can access individual characters
string1[ 3 ] is character ‘s’
– Array name is address of array, so & not needed for scanf
scanf( "%s", string2 );
• Reads characters until whitespace encountered
• Can write beyond end of array, be careful
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9
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,a[100];
printf("\n\nRead n number of values in an array and display it in reverse order:\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to store in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d number of elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("\nThe values store into the array are : \n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("% 5d",a[i]);
}
printf("\n\nThe values store into the array in reverse are :\n");
for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("% 5d",a[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
10
Read n number of values in an array and display it in reverse order:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to store in the array :3
Input 3 number of elements in the array :
element - 0 : 2
element - 1 : 5
element - 2 : 7
The values store into the array are :
2 5 7
The values store into the array in reverse are :
7 5 2
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#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,x,n;
printf("How many elements?");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter array elements:n");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("nEnter element to search:");
scanf("%d",&x);
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
if(a[i]==x)
break;
if(i<n)
printf("Element found at index %d",i);
else
printf("Element not found");
return 0;
}
12
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13
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int i, mx, mn, n;
printf("\n\nFind maximum and minimum element in an array :\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
mx = arr1[0];
mn = arr1[0];
for(i=1; i<n; i++)
{
if(arr1[i]>mx)
{
mx = arr1[i];
}
if(arr1[i]<mn)
{
mn = arr1[i];
}
}
printf("Maximum element is : %d\n", mx);
printf("Minimum element is : %d\n\n", mn);
}
14
Find maximum and minimum element in an array :
--------------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :3
Input 3 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 45
element - 1 : 25
element - 2 : 21
Maximum element is : 45
Minimum element is : 21
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,sum=0;
float avg;
printf("Input the 10 numbers : \n");
for (i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("Number-%d :",i);
scanf("%d",&n);
sum +=n;
}
avg=sum/10.0;
printf("The sum of 10 no is : %d\nThe Average is :
%f\n",sum,avg);
16
Input the 10 numbers :
Number-1 :1
Number-2 :2
Number-3 :3
Number-4 :4
Number-5 :5
Number-6 :6
Number-7 :7
Number-8 :8
Number-9 :9
Number-10 :10
The sum of 10 no is : 55
The Average is : 5.500000
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int array[100], i, num;
printf("Enter the size of an array \n");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("Enter the elements of the array \n");
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &array[i]);
}
printf("Even numbers in the array are - ");
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (array[i] % 2 == 0)
{
printf("%d \t", array[i]);
}
}
printf("\n Odd numbers in the array are -");
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (array[i] % 2 != 0)
{
printf("%d \t", array[i]);
}
}
18
Enter the size of an array
6
Enter the elements of the array
12
19
45
69
98
23
Even numbers in the array are - 12 98
Odd numbers in the array are - 19 45 69 23
