1. The document describes the reactions of Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar) with oxygen and water. It states that Na, Mg, Al, and Si form ionic oxides when reacted with oxygen, while P forms P4O6 or P4O10 depending on the amount of oxygen.
2. It also summarizes the reactions of these elements with water. Na and Cl react vigorously with water, while Mg reacts with steam to form an oxide and hydrogen gas.
3. The acid-base properties of the oxides are described. Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 are basic, while P4
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1. The document describes the reactions of Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar) with oxygen and water. It states that Na, Mg, Al, and Si form ionic oxides when reacted with oxygen, while P forms P4O6 or P4O10 depending on the amount of oxygen.
2. It also summarizes the reactions of these elements with water. Na and Cl react vigorously with water, while Mg reacts with steam to form an oxide and hydrogen gas.
3. The acid-base properties of the oxides are described. Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 are basic, while P4
1. The document describes the reactions of Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar) with oxygen and water. It states that Na, Mg, Al, and Si form ionic oxides when reacted with oxygen, while P forms P4O6 or P4O10 depending on the amount of oxygen.
2. It also summarizes the reactions of these elements with water. Na and Cl react vigorously with water, while Mg reacts with steam to form an oxide and hydrogen gas.
3. The acid-base properties of the oxides are described. Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 are basic, while P4
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
1. The document describes the reactions of Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar) with oxygen and water. It states that Na, Mg, Al, and Si form ionic oxides when reacted with oxygen, while P forms P4O6 or P4O10 depending on the amount of oxygen.
2. It also summarizes the reactions of these elements with water. Na and Cl react vigorously with water, while Mg reacts with steam to form an oxide and hydrogen gas.
3. The acid-base properties of the oxides are described. Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 are basic, while P4
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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Module 1 Inorganic Chemistry
Period 3 Elements Ung Hie Huong
LEARNING OUTCOMES: Students should be able to: Describe the reactions of Period 3 elements with oxygen Interpret the ability of elements to act as oxidising and reducing agents Describe the reactions of Period 3 elements with water Describe and explain the acid-base properties of oxides of Period 3 elements
1.1 Group
Introduction to Period 3 elements 1 Na 2 Mg 13 Al 14 Si Decreases Decreases Decreases Increases Increases Metal Conductor Metallic bond Solid Metalloid Semi conductor Nonmetal Nonconductor Covalent bond Gas 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar
Element Atomic radius Entalphy of fusion Entalphy of vaporisation First ionisation energy Electronegativity Type of element Electrical conductivity Type of bond Physical state of element at r.t.p.
Atomic radius (coded by ball size)
1.2
Reaction of Period 3 elements with oxygen 1 Na Na2O 2 Mg MgO 13 Al Al2O3 14 Si SiO2 15 P P4O6/ P4O10 (In excess O2) 16 S 17 Cl X 18 Ar X
Group Element + O2
Element Sodium, Na Observation Equation Magnesium, Mg Observation Equation Aluminium, Al Observation Equation Silicon, Si Observation
Reaction with oxygen (Observation/ Equation) Burns in oxygen with a bright yellow flame. A white ionic solid, sodium oxide (Na2O) is formed. 4Na(s) + O2(g) 2Na2O(s) White
Burns in oxygen with a brilliant white flame. A white ionic solid, magnesium oxide (MgO) is formed. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) White
Burns in oxygen with a brilliant white flame. A white ionic solid, aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is formed. 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s) White
Reacts slowly with oxygen. White solid, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is formed. Note: Silicon dioxide or silicon(IV) oxide has a giant covalent structure. Si(s) + O2(g) SiO2(s) White
Equation Phosphorus, P Observation
White phosphorus bursts into flames spontaneously when exposed to air. In limited amount of air: Phosphorus trioxide, P4O6, is formed. In excess air: Phosphorus pentoxide, P4O10, is formed. In limited amount of air: P4(s) + 3O2(g) P4O6(s) In excess air: P4(s) + 5O2(g) P4O10(s) Sulphur Sulphur Sulphur trioxide, burns with a blue flame. dioxide, SO2 (colourless gas) is formed. dioxide, SO2 can be oxidised slowly to sulphur SO3. SO2(g) 2SO3(g)
Equation Sulphur, S Observation
Equation
S(s) + O2(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 3
1.3 Group
Reaction of Period 3 elements with water 1 Na NaOH 2 Mg MgO 13 Al X 14 Si X 15 P X 16 S X 17 Cl HCl + HOCl 18 Ar X
Element + H2O
Element Sodium, Na Observation
Reaction with water (Observation/ Equation) Reacts vigorously with water. Forms an alkaline solution (turns pink litmus solution to blue) & hydrogen gas (gives a pop sound with burning splinter) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) Alkali + H2(g)
Equation Magnesium, Mg Observation
Does not react with water. React with steam. Forms magnesium oxide (MgO) and hydrogen gas. Mg(s) + H2O(g) MgO(s) + H2(g)
Equation Chlorine, Cl2 Observation
Reacts slowly with water. Forms acidic solution, hydrochloric acid and chloric(I) acid. Blue litmus solution turns red, then bleached/ decolourised. Cl2(g) + H2O(l) HCl(aq) + HOCl(aq) Bleaching agent
Equation
ALL noble gases (Group 18 elements) are inert and unreactive. This is due to their duplet and octet valence electron configuration. The valence orbitals are all fully filled & stable.
1.4 Group Oxide
Acid-base properties of oxides of the Period 3 elements 1 Na2O +1 Ionic 2 MgO +2 13 Al2O3 +3 Ionic-covalent Solid Basic Dissolves Na2O + H2O 2NaOH Weakly Basic Insoluble The lattice energy that hold Mg2+ ions and O2 ions together is too high
14 SiO2 +4 Giant covalent
Oxidation number Structure Physical state (r.t.p.) Acid-base property + Water
