EE6212E FACTS & HVDC : Winter 2023-24
ASSIGNMENT – 1
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1. (a) Using decoupled power flow equations,
determine the bus voltage magnitude and
angle at Bus B and C and thereby find the
local load at Bus C
(b) Find the line power flows at both ends
for all the four lines and thereby obtain the
complex powers delivered by the two
generators.
(c) Now a shunt reactor of 1 pu reactive
power rating is switched on at Bus B.
Assume that the generators are not
reactive power-limited and they are
maintaining 1.05 pu and 1.03 pu voltages
at Bus A and D respectively. Explain clearly
(using decoupled power flow equations)
why bus voltage magnitudes and angles at Bus B and C, voltage angle at Bus D and all line flows (at both
ends) will change.
2. The voltmeter reading when P+jQ = 0.1+j0.1 pu is 0.996 pu. (i) Find the system impedance in pu and the
voltmeter reading when P+jQ is 0.1-j0.1 pu. (ii) Find the capacitive VAr required to maintain the receiving
0
end voltage at 1 pu when 1∠30 pu complex power is drawn from the bus. (iii) Find the voltmeter reading if
0
the 1∠30 pu complex power load is thrown open without switching off the capacitive compensation that
you calculated in step 2.
3. Find the load bus voltage magnitude when (i) the SVG is OFF (ii) when SVG is ON and is a fixed capacitor
0.5 pu rating (iii) when SVG is ON and it is of FC-TCR type with 0.5 pu rating (iv) when SVG is ON and is a
STATCOM of 0.5 pu rating by solving the relevant equations without employing any approximations.
4. (a) The short circuit capacity of a bus is 10pu and the open circuit bus voltage is found to be 0.95 pu. A FC-
TCR Unit with 0.75 pu Capacitor and 0.75 pu TCR is installed at the bus. With the FC-TCR unit active, the
no-load voltage of the bus is maintained at 1pu. Find the reactive power contributed by the TCR and its
firing angle.
(b) If the FC-TCR unit in Part (a) is replaced by a TCS-TCR unit with three TCS units of 0.25 pu each and
one TCR unit of 0.3 pu, find the reactive power contributed by the TCR and its firing angle.
5. The bus voltage at a load substation is found to be 1.02 pu under unloaded condition and at 0.96 pu when
a load of 1 + j 1 pu power is switched on. Assume that the short ckt impedance at the bus is purely
reactive. A FC-TCR of (-1.2 pu to 0.4 pu) rating is now used to raise the bus voltage to 1 pu. The TCR is
delta-connected and there are 4 identical units in parallel inside the TCR.
Find the number of TCR units working with α = 0 and the value of α in the unit that is being α-controlled.
6. An 11kV, 50Hz, 3-Phase FC TCR Unit rated for 1MVAr capacitive and 0.3MVAr Inductive compensation is
employed at a 11kV Primary Distribution Station with a short circuit capacity of 20MVA at 0 lag pf.
(a) If the fixed capacitor and TCR units are delta-connected, find the reactance of branch capacitance in FC
unit and branch inductance in TCR Unit in ohms.
(b) If the open circuit voltage at the bus is 11.4kV, find the range of reactive power drawn by load such that
the FC TCR Unit will be able to maintain the bus voltage at 11kV line to line.
(c) Repeat Part (b) if open circuit voltage at the Bus is 11kV.
(d) Repeat Part (b) if open circuit voltage at the Bus is 10.4kV.
(e) Find the firing angle of TCR (measured from peak of line to line voltage) if the open circuit voltage at the
Bus is 10.8kV and the load is 1MVA at 0.8 Lag power factor and the FC TCR is maintaining 11kV at the
Bus with this load.
7. An 11kV, 50Hz, 3-Phase TSC-TCR Unit rated for 1MVAr capacitive and 0.3MVAr Inductive compensation
is employed at an 11kV Primary Distribution Station with a short circuit capacity of 20MVA at 0 lag pf. The
TSC Unit comprises four identical units in parallel. All the TSC Units and the TCR Units are delta-
connected. The TSC units use a reactor in series with capacitor for surge control purpose and for
th
functioning as a harmonic filter for 5 harmonic. Find reactance values for one branch of individual TSC
Unit and one branch of TCR Unit in Ohms.
8. An 11kV, 50Hz, 3-Phase FC TCR Unit rated for 1MVAr capacitive and 0.3MVAr Inductive compensation is
employed at an 11kV Primary Distribution Station with a short circuit capacity of 20MVA at 0 lag pf. Use a
Three-Phase pu base of 11kV, 1MVA. The load on the Bus is 1MVA at 0.8 Lag PF. The range of variation
of bus voltage over a day (with load constant) was seen to be (10.4kV, 11.2kV) without the SVC turned on.
Assuming the same daily variation on all days, find the variation range for Bus voltage if SVC is used with
Vtref = 1pu and (i) droop constant = 0.04 pu and (ii) droop constant = 0.1. You may use graphical procedure
if necessary.
9. The SVC in the following figure can take 0.25 pu inductive to 1 pu capacitive reactive power. The active
power at load end, i.e., P is 1 pu. Find the range of load power factor such that SVC will be able to maintain
the voltage magnitude at Bus B at 1pu. What will be the voltage magnitude and voltage angle at Bus C at
the two end points of the range you calculated? Use active and reactive power equations without
approximations. (Ans: 0.8 Lag to 0.9257 Lead, 0.9105 ∠-12.04 pu to 1.035∠-11.28 pu.)
0 0
10. The bus voltage at a load substation is found to be 1.02 pu under unloaded condition and at 0.96 pu when
a load of 1 + j 1 pu power is switched on. Assume that the short ckt impedance at the bus is purely
reactive. A FC-TCR of (-1.2 pu to 0.4 pu) rating is now used to raise the bus voltage to 1 pu. The TCR is
delta-connected and there are 4 identical units in parallel inside the TCR. (a) Find the number of TCR units
working with α = 0 and the value of α in the unit that is being α-controlled. (b) Find the THD of the current
taken by the TCR equipment, the FC-TCR unit and by the substation, considering the first 4 non-zero
harmonics.
11. An 110kV, 50Hz, 3-Phase TSC-TCR Unit rated for 25MVAr capacitive and 7.5MVAr Inductive
compensation is employed at an 110kV Station with a short circuit capacity of 250MVA at 0 lag pf. The TSC
Unit comprises 5 identical units in parallel. Use a Three-Phase pu base of 110kV, 50MVA.
(a) Design a PI Controller based External Control Loop for this SVC using a droop constant of 0.05 pu for a
0
phase margin of 50 .
(b) If this SVC with same design of control loop is used at another 110kV station with a short circuit
capacity of 150MVA at 0 lag pf, find the phase margin actually realized at that location. (Use Matlab to
prepare Bode Plots if needed)
12. Two 110kV, 50Hz, 3-Phase FC-TCR Units rated for 25MVAr/-7.5MVAr and 50MVAr/-15MVAr are
employed in parallel at an 110kV Station with a short circuit capacity of 300MVA at 0 lag pf. Use a Three-
Phase pu base of 110kV, 100MVA. Design the composite SVC with an effective droop constant of 0.04pu ,
0
phase margin of 50 and load sharing in proportion to rating under steady-state as well as dynamic
conditions. Show the block diagram of the designed controller.
