Ebeling, 4n Iuroduetion to Reliab lity and Maintainadiliey Engineering, ed Waveland Press, Inc., Copyright © 2009 CHAPTER 5 z MR Ud a 2 51 RO Frenar=f wep a tae DRO=-fI-G) RI ie 96296 1 b) 1-| 1-___] =999 Fal etl d-99yF = ¢ +41 4 H - -.999}*] -1=111 1 yrs = 40.55 days il \ 667)*(333)"* =3(.667)°( 333) +(667)° =44444+296741 = 741185 x 52 R=[1-l1-4)"]97 =95 (4) =1-9597 = 33 (@ R100) =1 (1 ot (@R,_00) =e" 5A 2) Boy 7 R[1-G-RP]-e Pp-G-8F] and R,=[1-d-2yp)d- Rosson) 2 b) Ry =9"| ‘[i-(-9) 019 and Recto 2, =[1-(-8019)(1-.729)}.9= 85168 55 Re)=[1--e "Fe = RG)= BS a ey 93908 "F =35 — MIIF=——"__~=5017 ~w 93908 56 Rit)Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Manntamability Engineering. 2™ ed. Waveland Press, Inc., Copyright ©2009. aad 4) =n(99) — 7 \z) 8 [ a (99)| * seg 10 57 a R, =f1-c-9f1-a-@pssfi-a-sy'} =985 b) R= 1-f{1-i- [1-9 p74 -c95xc95 =1- (065017)(.0975) =99366 oR -[-G-R-RG-R)R-[1-G-R- Ris R)R- R2(+R-R’) =.99 R Rs 2 8829 95 9454 oT 9683 99 9898 58 a) R =[1-(c Dft- (t-g[1 -(25)( 25) (1-8)] =9405 b) =[i- (8) ‘Ji-t-8a- (3)(3))(1-(9)¢9))] =9407 59 aR,=1-d-R¥=90 — (-RY¥=10 — R= {I-10 =991 a =001267 and MTTE =1/ = 789.27 hrs -(-Ry] =90 = 1-a-Ry R00) =e! =881 a= Rdoo)=e=s142 — 4 = EHD ~Fqg 7002055 and MITE =1/ 2 = 48662 rs 5.10 10 a) RG)=7 5 7667 R(3)=1-(-677) =98 = n= le 98 2356 4 unite log(I-667) b) RG)=[1-d-97)* ™ =98 — 327 =1-98e" — po leeDIOl) i755 loz( 333) The achieved reliability as: R,(3) =[1-(1-.677) 541 R@=1-(1-e*')(1-e Jie =1-{(1-e#*)(1-e Tin fee Boe ae eh ge Sebel trary SiteEbeling, 4n Invoduction to Refiabiltty and Maintamadiliey Engineering, 2° ed Waveland Press, Inc., Copyright © 2009 R(.1)= 8068 MITF = Loox = 1 Ata oh n2433 yrs =888 days 30 ° “ 5.12 With no redundancy R=.90. With redundancy R= 9f1- (--9)"]95=893. Redundancy does not improve reliability Gee-T 2] [comparator] 5.13. R, = (reliability with respect to open) - ee Ee = aien I~ 951d de tes )-[O-- 9,-9.2) Bas Wd 93-9.) = (1-0004)(1-.05)(1-.0004) — (1-1-1597) = QS 3.14 High-level Network: R= (1-2)? -f -(-@,) Ty -.01)° +f -(.957 Low-level Network: 2 -[-2y -[I-a-4, yy -[-o T -f-o + t = So = = = = low level Thigh level reliability with respect to open) - (probability of failing short) = 45) - 9529050 Gee) - a2ft--a 21-93) hs =9252, R(100)=1-) Ff fe (210) =9821, R,(100) = 210 — 99 a) b) R =I-[1- (9252. 982] 9.99) =9817 {1-d-9821*} 99] =9841 —i—s-—| 2, (100}-8,(100)-R; (100) = (9252)9821)(.99) =8996 Cyr, =[- (1-925!Ebeling, An Inroduction to Reltabllity and Maintainabtliay Engineering. 2° ed. ‘Waveland Press, Ine., Copyright © 2009 3.17 23 fails with probability of 05: Rees, =(9¥ (99) =8019 BB works with probability of 95: R yen =99 R= Rage ~ Regan =-05(8019)+ 95.99) = 980595 Bis Be a Qe 28} ~3R + R= R(2R'-3R+1)=ROR-I(R-1)=0 —~ R=0, R= Sor R=1 RzOandRz1. IFR<5, system reliability is less than a component's. Ry = Solving numerically for the roots of 4R? —3R° —1= Oresults in R=.767 1f R £767, system reliability is tess than a single component. 3.19 There are 3 combinations of the 16 total which result in system success (non-failure): R SCT)(95)(99)=.084645 1(.9)(.95)(_99}=.084645 Noe of =BRd-2)- RR =RGIDR To determine crossover reliability #(3-2R)95 = R-285R°+19R’ = Rd-285R+19R)=0 Solving (1- 285R+19.") for R with the quadratic formula results in 2=_9402 and R=.5598. For 5598 R £9402, system reliability is MORE than a single component reliability. an] a) n|en 5.21 R=1-C-Ry =1- otk ine R@=1- >eS Oe ea a er ns a MITE = Ai ae ans ‘Waveland Press, Inc. Copyright © 2009 5.22 a) reliability with respect to short - probability of failing open= = eile <<) P01 Tl Tae ec probabjlity of a short= ~ Katie Bk Ta- Bh 5.23 reliability with respect to open - probability ofa short hatte. Bhai d-4, 8 5.24 A =D i()=Dat Gk = a = The 2 NOTE: ZoMacet 7 where, in this problem, a 2a wf 5.25 (a) &(Nq Xp Mo) = 1-(1- Ma) (1-Ng Mg )=1-[1-Ma-NgXo+Xy Ne Xo] =NMa+XsXc -Xa Xe Xe (0) Pr { @(Xq Xe Xe) = 1} = E [Ky + Xp Xe - Ka Xe Xo] = Ra+RaRe-Ra Re Re = 9+ $°-(9) (87) =.964 (c) Min Path Sets ‘Min Cut Sets A B B.C AC 9604 and Ry=1-(1-9) (1-.8* }=.964 @Ri= (1 -1-9)-8) }Ebeling, An Introduction te Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, 2 ed ‘Waveland Press, Inc., Copyright © 2009. 3.26 (a) ) (aXe Nc) =X, [1-(1- Es) (L- Xe) [Xp = NaXp (Ms + Xc-NeXc) =X Xp Ng Xa X N_-XyNyXeXe (O)Rep=ED (Ka Xe Xe Nol] = E PLaXo Xa + XuXoNe-KaXd Xe Xe] = Ry Rp Re + Ry Ry Reo - Ry Ry ReRe = 2 [ (.95) (98) (9) ]- (95) (2 Y.98) = 92169 (©) Min Path Sets ‘Min Cut Sets ABD A ACD D B.C (@) Ry= (95) (98) [ 1-1-9)" ]=.92169 and Ry=1- [1 - (.95)(9\(.98)]" =.9737 = .7634; Restuns(1000) = 1 - (1-.7634)?= 9440, MTF = 1.5 7 (a) Hage = 27% 107 ; Rea L000) = = 8869; Re(1000)= ce" = 8607: Ressura( 1000) = [1 - (1-.8869)?] [1 - (1-.8607)*] exp(-.15) and ignoring for the moment the switching reliability funetion: [l-G-2y+y as ~ Jexp(-.39) + exp iets exp(-.12) Refl-(-9][1-( yt? orR= AT)- Lenp-Ad + Integrating to get the MUTE: 4/32-2/47-2/44 = 1,59 = 5.394 or 5394 brs (c) (1000) = pQ) + p(3) = 3 (7634)? (1-.7634) + (7634) = 4136 + 4449 = 8585; MITE = 1 / (275 10°) (5 +.3333) = 3086 (eq. 5.10) 5.28 (a) R=1-(1-.8187)?= 9671 and MITE =15x V.2=75; (b) R=[1- (1- 92317] [1-(1- .869)7] = 9814 +x) [1-(-2y+ 2exp(-.28) + exp(- Letting x = exp(-08) and y= x-2) Qy-y7 40) 2-0-0 mes R=[1-G-9]1-a- sy? ) - 2 expt or R=4 exp! Integrating to get the MITF: 4/.2 - 2/.32- 2.28 + 1/4=9.107 (©) Raatessenty EXP(-.2) = 8187 of Ryctassanby “EXP(--08) exp(-.12) = (9231) (8869)= 8187 fds i: Re 7 jC 8187)"(1~ 8187)"* =.9794 and MITE = 7 yey rly. oe 5.29 Raystem = [1-(-98)¢.97)] [1-.95)¢94)] [1- (1-94) 7] (99) = 9812 5.30 If component g fails: Pay = 10 and Rays= (.98)(97)(.94)(.98) = 8757 Ifcomponent g does not fail: Ry= 9 and Ras = {1 -[1-(.98)(97)(94)IL1 -(95)¢949]} (98) = 9688 R, (10) (8757) + 0.90) (9688) = 0.9595Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, 2*ed ‘Waveland Presa, Inc., Copyright € 2009 24268; MTTE sic = 4.12 gg deena } xt Ore 1-26 +e) ght ayo gcse* - i = fe 30 +8 e*)dh= 3-3-1 M755 AUR @ 5.32 (@) (B) R, = {1~ (1-9) [1 ~ 9 (1-157) J} (98) (95) = (987975 ) (98) (95) = 9198 (© LetR, =reliability of processor. Then 987975 xR,x.95= 93 or R,= 0008625 Therefore: R()=e "*= 9908 ort=-In 9909 / 0001 = 91.4 minutes. 5.33@) ‘REBEES eas eases | LX reesss | Ronen = [1 = (1-.88557) = 974 - a form of low-level redundancy f7 44 (©) KQ) oot Ne) system: R= pQ)+PG)+P}: R=’) pss 8855)'* =.9945 5.34 Load sharing system with the two front engines in series. a A, = 24.0039) =.0078, 2, =.0054, 2° = 26.02) =.04, MITTF = 135.23 O12; R()= 9890Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, “ed. Waveland Press, Ine, Copyright © 2009 5.35 (a) high level redundancy: = 9074: Raserocs ns = 1-(L-.9074 (19322) = 9937 Rade (L GL et et 1 1 1 pes 2.005 00304 = 167.03 ~X.0054H 2.0039 2(.0054 +0039 (b) Low level redundancy ee =[1-(1+.965501 - 95266 MTTF = 963.23 (expand Rej(t) and integrate) = (1.74127) 3 = 98268: Roqient = I[1-(LR*] = 98221 1-(1-.9° = 1-(1-.38742)* 91374. 5.38 For two-engine aircraft, reliability = R? - For 4-engine aircraft, reliability = R*+4 R} (1 -R) Find value for R in which R?> R*+4R3(1-R) orR?-[R*+4R7(1-R)]>0 R-R*-4R) +4R4=R)-4R? +3 Ri =R(1-4R=+3R) =R7-R)-3R)>0 Since 00orR<1/3 5.39 (a) Case I. Component 4 fails: Probability = 1-Rs Rix RaxRs = (.8)(9)(8) = 576 Case II. Component 4 does not fail: Probability 2 -[1-Rex Ra ][1-Rs ]=1-[1- (9)(8)] [1 -.9] = 972. Note that component 1 does not enter into the calculation since we would obtain the same value for RII regardless of whether component one fails or does not fail. Rsys = (1-Ry) RI+R4 RIT =.4(576) + 9(.972) = .9324” Waveland Prese, Inc., Copyright © 2009 6) RI R2 R3 R4 RE System = Prob Prob count 0.8 09 08 09 09 failure 1 s s s 8 s s 0.46656 0 as s 8 8 8 F s 0.05184 0 2 s s s F s s o.05184 0 3 s 8 F 8 s s 0.11664 0 4 s F 8 8 s s o.0s184 0 5 F s 8 s s s 0.11664 0 1 s s s F F s 0.00876 0 2 s s F F s FE 0.01296 0.01296 3 s F F s s s 0.01296 0 4 F F 8 s s s 0.01296 0 5 s s F 8 FE F 0.01296 0.01296 6 s F 8 s F F 0.00876 0.00576 7 s F Ss F 8 F 0.00576 0.00576 8 F s 8 s F s 0.01296 0 9 F 8 5 F s F 0.01296 0.01296 10 F 8 F 8 s s 0.02916 0 ak s s F F F F O.0n144 0.00144 2 s F F F 8 F ©.00144 0.00144 3 F F F 8 s s 0.00324 0 4 s F F s F F 0.00144 0.00144 5 s F 8 F F F 0.00064 0.00064 6 F 8 8 F F F O.00144 0.00144 7 F 8 F F s F 0.00324 0.00324 8 F s F s F F 0.00324 0.00324 9 F F 3 8 FE F O.00144 0.00144 10 F F 8 F s F 0.00144 0.00144 1 s F F F F F 0.00016 0.00016 2 F 8 F F FE F 0.00036 0.00036 3 F F 3 F F F 0.00016 0.00016 4 F F F 8 FE F 0.00036 0.00036 5 F F F F s F 0.00036 0.00036 1 F F F F EF F 0.00004 0.00004 32 totals 1 0.0676 Rsys= 0.9324