The document discusses file systems and RAID levels. It describes the basic structure of a file system, including files, directories, and disk organization using the master boot record, boot sector, file allocation tables, and root directory. It then explains different RAID levels from RAID 0 to RAID 6 that provide data stripping, mirroring, error correction, and redundancy to improve performance and reliability.
The document discusses file systems and RAID levels. It describes the basic structure of a file system, including files, directories, and disk organization using the master boot record, boot sector, file allocation tables, and root directory. It then explains different RAID levels from RAID 0 to RAID 6 that provide data stripping, mirroring, error correction, and redundancy to improve performance and reliability.
Original Description:
it is short notes for unit 6 of operating system i-scheme sem 5th
The document discusses file systems and RAID levels. It describes the basic structure of a file system, including files, directories, and disk organization using the master boot record, boot sector, file allocation tables, and root directory. It then explains different RAID levels from RAID 0 to RAID 6 that provide data stripping, mirroring, error correction, and redundancy to improve performance and reliability.
The document discusses file systems and RAID levels. It describes the basic structure of a file system, including files, directories, and disk organization using the master boot record, boot sector, file allocation tables, and root directory. It then explains different RAID levels from RAID 0 to RAID 6 that provide data stripping, mirroring, error correction, and redundancy to improve performance and reliability.
• Name • Identifier • Types • Location • Size • Protection • Time & Data
Operations on File File Access Methods • Create • Open Sequential Access • Read • Write • Truncate • Delete • Rename • Close Direct Access Types of Files
• Regular Files • Character Special Files • Directories • Block Special Files Operating Systems Unit 06
File Allocation Method 6.3
Contiguous Allocation Directory Structure
1. Single Level 2. Two Levels 3. Tree Structured
Disk Organisation
1. Logical Structure of Hard Disk:
Linked File Allocation a. MBR (Master Boot Record):
Master boot record is the information present in the first sector of any hard disk. It contains the information regarding how and where the Operating system is located b. DBR (DOS Boot Record): The Indexed File Allocation DOS Boot Record (DBR) holds the Boot Parameter Block (BPB), which contains the logical mapping information for that particular partition. c. FAT (File Allocation Tables): The File Allocation Table (FAT) is a critical component of computer systems that allows for the organization and management of files on a disk. It is an essential part of the file system that helps to keep track of where files are stored on a disk and how much space is available for new files. d. Root Directory 2. Physical Structure of Hard Disk Operating Systems Unit 06
RAID 1+0
RAID Levels
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAID 0 • Also knows as RAID 1+0
• Combination of RAID 1 & RAID 2 • Gives better performance as well as availability
RAID 2
• Bit Level Stripping
• Records Error Correction Code using hamming code • Data Stripping • Separate disks are used for Error • Dividing Data & Storing into different Corrections Disks • It gives better performance as gives RAID 3 parallel read & write provision
RAID 1
• Divides data into different Blocks
• Data Mirroring • These blocks are stored in by stripping • Copies data from one disk & saves • Parity is stored inside the different same data into another disk disk. • It focuses on availability • Can not service multiple requests • Block level Stripping Operating Systems Unit 06
• If 2 disks are failed that can easily
recovered RAID 4
• Block of same data is not stored inside
same disk again • Can Service Multiple Requests at a time
RAID 5
• Block level Stripping
• Parity blocks are stored alternatively into disks instead of using extra disk
