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X2y"t2"=3ryzifetytz=0CHAPTER-2 POLYNOMIALS Definition: KEY POINTS ‘APolynomial p(x) in one variable x of degree n is an algebraic expression in x of the form p(x) =aX+a,.x" tax? +. +a.x” +ax ta, where (i) a, a,, a ..... a, are constants and a, +0 (ii) a, a, a..... a, are respectively the coefficients of x’, x’, x’, (il) Each of ax, a 2, aX", ncn» OX, AX, a are called terms of the polynomial (iv) nis called the degree of the polynomial where n is a non-negative integers. ZEROES OF POLYNOMIAL = For a polynomial p(x) if p(a) is a zero of the polynomial. |, where a is a real number we say that ‘a’ 4. Apolynomial having four or more than four terms does not have particular name. These are simply called polynomials. 2. Apolynomial of degree five or more than five does not have any particular name. Such a polynomial is usually called a polynomial of degree five or six or ... etc. 3. The degree of zero polynomial is not defined or we can not determine the degree of zero polynomial act About Polynomial : 4, Apolynomial of degree "can have at most n zeroes. 5. non-zero constant polynomial has no-zero, 6. Every real number is a zero of the zero polynomial.PN OMRON S "1 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. SECTION I Very-Very Short Answer (1 Marks) Write all the terms of the polynomial x’-4x"-3x+2 Find the value of m if y+2m is a factor of y°-4m’y'+2y+2m+3. Ifside of a square is (x+2y-z) units then the area of the square is, Find remainder when the polynomial (p’-p-29) is divided by (p-6). Ifp+q+r=9 then find the value of (3-p)'+(3-q)"+(3-r)’. The degree of the polynomialJ5 is Find the value of q(-6) - 4(-5) ifq(x)=4x+1 Aquadratic polynomial can be written as the product of linear polynomials. Acubic polynomial has zeroes. (49)'-(30)"+ x49x30x19 Check whether Find the zero of the polynomial 7x#1=0. Find the value of kifx’+mx-30=(x-5) (x+6). When a polynomial q(x) is divided by (x-2) and the remainder q(2)=0 then (x-2)isa ofthe polynomial. is a zero of the polynomial x’-3x+x-3. The degree of azero polynomial is. The polynomial (x+a) (x-a) has. zeroes. Whatis the value of polynomial x'+3x"#1 atx=-1 A____ polynomial has one and only one zero The coefficient of x in x'+4x’-2x+1 is x’-64is a polynomial of degree having terms. Express -7 asa polynomial of degree zero, The constant polynomial has terms. Write the coefficient of x for the polynomial x’-9. Aquadratic polynomial can have atmost___terms The variable of the polynomial x+bis___ Find p(0) if p(x)=x'-2x"+x#127. 28. CASE-STUDY QUESTIONS A tree plantation campaign is organised in a government school. Under this campaign, the students of class IX planted total 2x°+x°-2x-1 trees. The total number of students in class IX are (x+1) and each student planted equal number of trees. The trees are arranged in rows and columns. The number of rows are (2x+1). (i) (ii) (iiy (iv) (v) The number oftrees planted by each student are (a)x+2 (b)x+1 (c) (2x#1)(x+1) —— (d) (2x#1) (x1) Iftotal 2079 trees are planted then the value of xis (a) 100 (b)10 (c) 1000 (d)20 The number of columns are (a) (x1) (b)(2x+1) (c) (2x-1) (det The third factor of the polynomial 2x°+x’-2x-1 is (@)(2x-1)—(b) #1) (6) (xt) (6) 1) Which of the following is not a zero of 2x°+x*-2x-1 ? (a1 My oH oz Mahesh wants to paint a wall of his room. He decides to paint the wall in two colours, pink and white, divided diagonally. The length and breadth of the wall are (x+4) and (3x+2) respectively. The diagonal of the wallisx+3x. 0) (ii) (iiy (iv) (v) The area of the wallis polynomial. {a)linear ——_(b) quadratic (c) cubic (d) biquadratic The area of the wallis (a) (x+4) (3x+2) (b) (+4) +(x+2) (c) (x+4)-(3x-2) (d) (#4) = (3x+2) Mahesh wished to draw flowers in the squared area of the wall. For this the breadth should be reduced by {a)2(x+3) (bd) (4) (c) (3x#2) (4) 2(-1) The zero of the polynomial (x+4)is {ao (b)4 (c)-4 (d) + Ifx=2, the area to be painted pinkis (a) 14 (b)20 (c)24 (d)28Very short Answer Question (2 Marks) 29. Checkwhether q(x) is a multiple of r(x) or not. Where q(x) = 2x" = 19x — 4x + 5, r(x) = 2x+1 30. Show that (x-5)is a factor of x’-3x'-4x-30. 31. _ Evaluate by using suitable identity : (997)* 32. Find the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = x (x-2) (x+3) 33, Find the quotient when 3x'-7x-6is divided by (x-3) 34. Factorize 8x’ +27 y’. 35. Ifp(x) =x+9, then ind p(x) + p(-x) 36. Find the product without multiplying directly 106 x 94, 37. Find the value of (351)'—(350)*. 38. Find the value of (a+b) if (x+2) (x-5)=x"+(atb)xtab 39. The factors of Sx’-18x+9 are (axtb) and (x+b). Find the values ofa and. 40. Findp(1)+p(-1)+p (10) ifp(x) =x 3x+2 41. Find (x-y)’if yt x =2. 42. _ Find the value of k when (-x"*-2x""+k) id divided by (x#1). 43. Show that -1 is a zero of 3x‘-x'+3x-1 44. Multiply (x#1) (cy). 45. — Write the type of the polynimial x'+3x°+1 based on terms and degree. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 46. Factorize :64a*+ 96ab + 36b* 47, Factorize: x’ + 6x + 11x+6 48. Ifx’+y’=49and x-y=3, then find the value of x’-/. 49. Simplify : (5a-2b) (25a"+4 0ab+-4b")-(2a+5b)(4a’—1 0ab+25b*) 50. _ Find the sum of remainders when x'-3x"+4x-4is divided by (x-1) and (x+2), 1 1 51. Findthe product (P~ >) (P+ )(P" 52. Factorize: 7V2k*—10k-4v2. 53. Simplify : (3x—4y)’— (3x+4y)54, Using appropriate identity, expand (2a)* + b* + (3c)*—18abe. 55. Simplify: (x+y+z)-(-y-z)* 56. Factorize : 125x' + By’ +2"—30xyz. 57. _x+2is a factor of polynomial ax’ + bx’ + x— 2 and the remainder 4 is, obtained on dividing this polynomial by (x-2). Find the value of aand b. 58. If the polynomials ax’ + 4x* + 3x-4 & x-4x + a leave the same remainder when divided by (x-3), find the value of a (MY _(2y_ (dys x 88. 65) — (§) — (a) = &5 ote 60. If (x-3) and (x = +) are factors of the polynomial px’ + 3x + r, show = 3 that p=r. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks) 61. Alliteracy campaign was organised by Class IX girl students under NSS. Students made (x-5) rows and (3x-4) columns for the rally. Write the total number of students in the form of a polynomial 62. i) _Usingidentity, find the value of (-7)° + (5)° + (2°. ii) Find dimensions of cube whose volume is given by the expression 4x‘ + 14x +6, 63. Give possible expression for the length and breadth of each of the following rectangles if. i) Area =(x’ + 55x + 30) sq. unit. ii) Area =(24x*— 26x—8) sq. unit. 64. fa+b+c=0,findthe valueof (b+) , (cta)’ , (a+b) Be ca ab 65. Simplify: (2b + (bh e!)'+ (chal (a-by’ + (b-c)'+ (c-a)” 66. Factorize (2a-b-c)* + (2b-c-a)' + (2c-a-b)" 67. If the polynomial 4x°-16x*+ax+7 is exactly divisible by x-1, then find the value of a. Hence factorize the polynomial68. 69. 70. 71. 72, lip, q, &rare all nonzero and p+q+r= 0, prove that Pie, ar * tp *pq=$ Factorize: 9x’ 27x" 100x +300 If (x+4) is a factor of the polynomial x’ ~ x’ — 14x + 24, find the other factors. tf 2+ 42-1 wherex+0,y20 thentind the value ofx’—y* y 155 x 155 + 155 x 55 + 55 x 55 Simplify: 22 * “9° * “oe x oe Teexee PNY -T55 x 155 x 155-55 x 65 x 654K -3K,2 3 2 (xt2y-z? 1 3(3-p)(3-q)(3-r) 0 4 two three (-19P Not a zero 4 = Factor not defined two 3 linear 2 three, two -7x° single zero three b CHAPTER-2 POLYNOMIALS Hints & Answers 26. 27. 28. 29 30. 34 32 33. 34, 36. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 44 42 44, 45. 1 (i) (A) (2x#1)(x-1) (ii) (b) 10 (ii) (a) (=) iv) (d) (x-1) ™@) (i) (b) quadratic ii) (a) (x+4) (3x+2) (ii) (d) 2-1) (iv) (©) -4 (v) (c) 24 Not a multiple Put x=5 994009 0,2,-3 3x2 (2x+ (3y)(4x*-2 3xy+3y’) 18 (100+6)(100-6)=9964 701 X4(Lyey Three terms - Trinomial Degree 3- cubic46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53, 54, 55. 56. 87. 58, 59, 61. 62. 63, 64. 65. 66. 67, 69, 70, m1 72. (155)'+(155x55)+(55))_ (155)'-(55)" = (8a + 6b) (x+1) (+2) (+3) 207 117a° - 133b" ea e (K-12) (712 K+ 4) — By(16y* + 27x’) or —128y’ — 216 x’y (2a+b+c) (4a° + b* + 9c* — dab — 2bc - 4ac) Axy + 42x (5x + 2y + z) (25x°+ 4y? + 2? ~ 10xy ~ 2yz ~ 52x) 4. Hint p(3) = q (3) 7 (Use atbtc = 0, a’ +b’ +c = 3abe) 3x1-19x+20 i) -210 ii) 2; (x+3);(2x+1) i) (x + 2N5) (x +35) ii) (4x +1), (6x-8) 3 (a+b)(b+c)(c+b) 3(2a-b-c)(2b~c-a)(2c-a-b) a= 5, (x-1)(2x+4)(2x-7) (3x4+10)(x-3) (3x10) (x-3)(x-2) 0 (155)-(65) (158-55)(165)'-(65y] too = «9-0Practice Test POLYNOMIALS Time : 50 Min, MAM. 25 1. Is (x)* + 2J8a polynomial? (1) 2, Show that x = 1 is a zero of the polynomial 3x" 4x "+ 8x-7. (1) 3. Find the value of the polynomial 2x+5 at x=-3. (1) 4, Find the zeroes of the polynomial x” ~ 4x + 3 (2) 5. Evaluate 38x42 without multiplying directly (2) 6. Ifx+y+z=6, xy +yz+2zx= 11. Find the value ofx'+ yz? (2) 7. If 3x4 is a factor of the polynomial p(x) = 2x" 11x kx—20, (3) find the value k 8. Factorise: a’ b’+ 2(ab + be + ca) 3) 9. If a+b+c=0 then find the value of (5) a,b be * ca * ab 10. Factorise x‘ 23x"+ 142x — 120 by using factor theorem 6)