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ANHIOLYTIC AND HYPNOTIC AGENTS
BENZODIAZEPINES
sum res ume= PAM
= Allerazolom
= Chlordiazepoxide
= Clonazepam
= Clorazepate
- Diazepam
= €stalozam
~ Flurazepam
= Lorazepam
= midazolom
= Oxazepam
= Quezepam
= Temazepam
= Triazolom
ANE
15 @ Feeling of tension, nervousness, apprehension, or
Feor thot sully Involves unpleasant reactions to 0
stimulus, whether actual or unknown
when annlety becomes overwhelming or severe, it can,
Inkerfere with the activities of daily living and lead to
medical problems related te chronic stimulation of the
sumpothetic nervous system.
A severely anxious person may, For example, be afraid to
leave the house or to interact with other people. In these:
cases, treatment Is warranted. Aniolytic drugs ore
rugs thot are used to lyse or break the Feeling of
ennlety.
Ecler ley
‘The loss of awareness and reaction to environmental
stimull Is termed sedation. This condition may be
desirable in patients who ore restless, nervous, irritable,
oF overreacting to stimul Although sedation Is anvlolytic,
e may frequently lead to drowsiness,
venosis
Is the extreme state of sedation, n which the person no
longer senses or reacts to incoming stimull
1 Hypnotics ore used to help people Fall asleep by causing
Sedation. Orups that are effective hypnotics act on the
reticular activating system (RAS) and block the brain's
response to Incoming stimu
GABA
Games Aminobutyric Acid
ommo-ominobutyrle oc (y~aminobutyric acid, or GABA).
{on omino acid, Is the major inbibtory neurotransmitter in
the brain and nas been Found to modulate other
neurotransmitter systems rather than to provide a direct
stimulus.
© rugs thot increose GABA function, such os
benzodiazepines, are used to treat anwlety and to Induce
sleep
innblts too much excitatory
= Reduces onniety
= Relaxation
= sleep
= muscle retowant
= Poin perception
‘Y BindswithGABA
= When GABA Binds with Is receptor site, BDZ also binds thus:
‘causing the opening of the ligand-gated channels and allowing
‘more chloride lons to enter the neuron,
= When chloride ions enter the neuron, it causes
huperpolorization where in the inside of the neuron becomes
more negative because of chloride Ions.
Y Decreased Firing potentiol =
~ unen the Inside ofthe neuron is more nepetive, the fring
potential decreased or tranguilzed thus, inhibitory mechanism
have occurred already.
= These erugs act in the limbic system and the RAS to mohe
‘gemma-aminobutyric ocid (GABA) more effective, cousing
Interference with neuron Firing
'Y Sedation ond drowsiness. ?
~ umen the electrical activity of the bal s decreoses,
xtreme sedation and feetng of steepness coud cou wtich
is very helpful or patients with ene
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Depression
Lethoray
Blurred Vision
Sleep driving
Headaches.
Apathy
Ught-headedness
Amnesio
Confusion.
Tis poradonical encieatory
we ceccccccce
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM:
© pry mouth
