‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

STATICS
(ENGINEERING MECHANICS-I)

LECTURE #3
Introduction to Force System

By
Dr. Yazeed Abdullah Alsharedah

January 16, 2019

 Contents
 Objective(s) of the present lecture (#2)
 Force systems
 Principle of transmissibility
 Classification of forces
 A real life example
 Parallelogram and triangle laws
 Rectangular and non-rectangular components of a force
 Problems
 Further reading

January 16, 2019

 Objectives of the Present lecture
 To define what a force is and its types
 To explain principle of transmissibility
 To illustrate parallelogram and triangle laws for finding
out resultants of two forces
 To demonstrate through examples how to find rectangular
and non-rectangular components of a give force

January 16, 2019

 Force Systems
 Force: Action of one body on another.
 Specification include:
 Magnitude
 Direction
 Point of application (or line of action)
 Effects of a force
External: Reactions
Internal: Stresses and strains

In dealing with the mechanics of rigid bodies concern is only

to the net external effects of forces.
 Principle of Transmissibility
5

A force may be applied at any point on its

given line of action without altering the
resultant effects of the force, external to the
rigid body on which it acts.
 
F B A F
 Classification of Forces
6

Contact forces Body forces

Generated through direct Applied by remote action,

physical contact between e.g. Gravitational forces;
two bodies. Magnetic forces.
 Tides -A Real Life Application
7

Tides are caused by

gravitational pull of the
moon and the sun (i.e.
by Body force)

Tides are very long-period

waves. They originate in
the oceans and progress
toward the coastlines
where they appear as the
regular rise and fall of the
sea surface.

January 16, 2019

 Another Classification
 Concentrated forces
 Distributed forces

30 kN
10 kN/m

B
A C
2m 2m 2m
Two-Dimensional Force Systems (Addition of two
Forces)

Parallelogram law Triangle law


F2  
R R 
 A  F2
A F1 F1

1/16/2019
Addition of Two Parallel Forces

 
  F F

F1 R1  F2
R2
 
R2 R1

R

1/16/2019
 Two-Dimensional Force Systems
(Force Components)

y Rectangular Components Non-rectangular Components

j 
 F
Fy F2 F

 A
 x
Fx i F1
Fx  F cos ; Fy  F sin
  900
F 
 F  Fx2  Fy2 and   tan1  y 
 Fx  F  F1  F2
 F  Fx  Fy
  
 F  Fxi  Fy j

1/16/2019
 Problem-1
The forceF has a magnitude of 600 N. Express F as a vector in termsof the
  
unit vectors i and j. Identify the x and y scalar componentsof F.
y
F  600N
300

1/16/2019
 Solution
13

y

Fx  600sin 30 (i )
0

F  600N  0 
Fy  600cos30 0 Fy  600cos30 j
30 0   
F  Fx  Fy
  
x F  300i  520 j N
Fx  600 sin 30 0

GE 201: Dr. Yousry Ghazaw 1/16/2019

 Problem-2
14

Determine the magnitude T1  7 kN

of the resultant R of the
two forces (shown T2  5 kN
below), and the angle θ O
which R makes with the 150 450 x
positive x-axis.

1/16/2019
 Solution
This problem can be viewed how two non-
rectangular force components can be T2  5 kN
replaced by a single resultant force R. 150
R 450
Use cosinelaw : c  a  b  2abcosC T1  7 kN

2 2 2

 R  T 2  T 2  2T  T  cos(450  150 ) 5 kN 450

1 2 1 2 150 
x
 7 2  52  2  5  7 cos(450  150 ) T1  7 kN
 6.24 kN
T2  5 kN
sin(450  15 0 )
sin sin(450  150 )  O
  sin  T2
T2 R R 150 450
x
0
sin(60 )
 sin   5  0.6939   sin1 (0.6939)  43.9 0
6.24
    450  43.90  450  88.90

1/16/2019
 Alternative Solution
Note: This method will be discussed in Force Resultants topic.

Rx   Fx  T1 cos450  T2 cos150  7cos45 0  5cos150  0.12 kN

Ry   Fy  T1 sin45 0  T 2 sin150  7sin 450  5sin150  6.24 kN

R Rx2  R 2y  0.122  6.242  6.24 kN

T1  7 kN

R  T2  5 kN
  tan  y   tan 1 
1 6.24 
  88.9
0

 Rx   0.12  O
150 450
x

1/16/2019
 Problem-3
17
For the vectors V1 and V2

(a)determine the magnitude S of their

vector sum S= V1 + V2

(b)determine the angle between S and the

positive x-axis

(c)write S as a vector in terms of the unit

vectors i and j

(d)write a unit vector n along the vector

sum S

(e) determine the vector difference

D = V1 - V2

1/16/2019
Solution
18

GE 201: Dr. Yousry Ghazaw 1/16/2019

Solution

GE 201: Dr. Yousry Ghazaw 1/16/2019

Solution

GE 201: Dr. Yousry Ghazaw 1/16/2019

Solution

GE 201: Dr. Yousry Ghazaw 1/16/2019

Solution
22

GE 201: Dr. Yousry Ghazaw 1/16/2019

 Further Reading
• 23

• Read more about forces in 2-dimensions from:

• http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/u3l3b.cfm

January 16, 2019

Thank You

January 16, 2019