Microcontrollers Course
Microcontrollers are programmable ICs which are
used to create smart circuits with sensors. These circuits
can automate you home, office or factory.
Contents
1 - LEDs (Turning pins ON/OFF)
2 - LCDs
3 - Seven Segments
4 - Input Buttons
5 - Tilt Switch (Inclinometer)
6 - Keypads
7 - Bluetooth Circuits with Mobile App
8 - Relays and Transistors
9 - PWM (Analog Outputs)
10 - EEPROM
11 - Servo Motor
12 - L293 Motor Driver
13 - Analog Inputs
14 - Temperature Sensor
15 - Light Sensor
16 - Sound Sensor
17 - Flex Sensor
18 - Force Sensor
19 - Gas Sensor
20 - Soil Moisture Sensor
21 - Motion Sensor
22 - IR Sensor
Project 1 - Control room lights/fans using
bluetooth and mobile app.
Project 2 - Automate porch lights with
day/night Switch.
Project 3 - Automate bathroom or kitchen lights
with motion sensor.
1 - LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)
LEDs are small lights which can be used to
check if the pins are on or off and if you can turn
on/off pins, you can turn on/off AC, fan, bulbs or
machine etc with microcontroller.
2 - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LCDs are used to display different parameters
of the circuit.
3 - Seven Segments Displays
Sometimes seven segments are better
choice for display than LCDs.
4 - Input Buttons
Input buttons are used to control different
functions of a circuit. For example volume but-
tons in a portable speaker, buttons to set date/-
time in a digital clock, there are many other uses
too.
5 - Tilt Switch (Inclinometer)
Tilt switches are used to sense the angle of
something, for example it can be used to turn on
the light of a chest freezer when door is opened
and turn off the light when it is closed.
6 - Keypads
Keypads are specially useful in the situation
when you want to use more buttons with less
arduino pins.
7 - Bluetooth Circuits
In this section you will learn how to create
bluetooth circuits using HC-05 module and
operate them with an App.
HC 05 Bluetooth Module
8 - Relay and Transistor
Microcontroller pins have 5v only which
cannot be used to turn on/off AC, fan or a ma-
chine, thats why we use relays which can be
operated by microcontroller and then relay can
turn on/off different appliances.
9 - PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Microcontrollers are digital that means we
can take only 0 or 5V at the output pin but if
we use PWM, we can generate any voltage at
the output between 0 and 5V.
10 - Servo Motor
Servo motors are used in situations where
controlled motion is needed for example CCTV
Cameras or to turn left right a toy car.
11 - L293 Motor Driver
In this section you will learn how to increase
decrease dc motor speed and reverse its direc-
tion
12 - Analog Inputs
This sections is very important, you will learn
how analog sensors are used with microcontrol-
lers, for example, temperature sensor, light
sensor, sound sensor, gas sensor etc.
Gas Sensor Sound Sensor Flame Sensor
Light
Moisture Sensor Temperature
Sensor
Sensor
13 - Temperature Sensor
This sensor is used to maintain temperature.
If temperature increases/decreases a fan,AC or a
heater gets turned on automatically and when
required temperature is achieved it is off auto-
matically.
14 - Light Sensor
This sensor is used to make a night switch
which can automate porch, lawn or street lights.
In the evening lights will be on and in the morn-
ing lights will be off automatically.
15 - Sound Sensor
This sensor will detect sound and take actions.
You clap, lights will be on, clap again, lights will
be off.
16 - Flex or Bend Sensor
This sensor is used to sense the amount of
bend in something, normally used in biotech
wearables like artificial limbs etc.
17 - Force Sensor
This sensor is normally used in digital bal-
ances or in robotics to detect that robot has
grabbed something. There are many other uses
too.
18 - Gas Sensor
This sensor is used to detect the gas leakage.
It can also measure the amount of concentra-
tion of the gas.
19 - Soil Moisture Sensor
This sensor detects the moisture level in soil
and can automatically water the plants when
moisture level is low.
20 - Motion Sensor
This sensor detect motion, can be used in se-
curity systems or for automatic lights. Until
someone is present in the room or office, lights
will be on, when no one is present lights are off
automatically.
21 - IR Sensor
Infra Red sensors can be used in burglar
alarms or in counters to count products, persons
or vehicles.
