Rizal Technological University
Eusebio Ave. Pasig City
College of Engineering
and Architecture
Finals Project in
Industrial Electronics
(IELEC)
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Leader: Bacolod, Jherico H. Engr. Paul Adrian C. Manalang
Member: Delo Santos, Kc Maxene
Gamas, Jefferson
Griego, Amiel
Lotilla, Clarence James M.
Section: PCEIT-04-501P
Schedule: S/2:00-5:00PM
DC MOTOR CONTROL USING THYRISTOR
Project description:
The project "DC Motor Control using Thyristor" involves the design and
implementation of a circuit that uses a thyristor to control the operation of a DC motor.
The main component of this project is the thyristor, a semiconductor device designed for
high-power switching applications. Unlike transistors, which require continuous switching
supply to remain ON, a thyristor only needs to be triggered once and it remains ON until
manually reset. This makes it suitable for applications that require a one-time trigger and
continuous operation, such as controlling a DC motor
The materials required for this project include a 9V DC supply, a Thyristor (TYN612), a
DC motor, resistors (510 ohm, 1k ohm), a switch, a push button, and connecting wires.
The TYN612 thyristor is suitable for this project as it can handle a repetitive peak off-state
voltage (VDRM and VRRM) of 600V and an on-state RMS current (IT (RMS)) of 12A. It’s
triggering gate current (IGT) ranges from 5mA to 15mA, and it can operate within a
temperature range of -40 to 125 °C.
The circuit is set up by placing the thyristor on a breadboard and connecting its cathode
terminal to the ground. One terminal of the DC motor is connected to the anode terminal
of the thyristor, and the other terminal is connected to the switch. The gate terminal of the
thyristor is connected to the resistor and push button. The circuit is powered by connecting
the battery, and the motor is started by pressing the push button. The motor can be turned
off by opening the switch S1.
The operation of the circuit is based on the principle that the thyristor acts as a bistable
switch and only conducts when the gate receives a current trigger. Once the thyristor is
triggered, it remains in a conduction state until it is manually reset. The push button is
used to trigger the thyristor by providing a pulse at the gate terminal of the thyristor. Once
a pulse is applied to the gate, the thyristor starts conducting and the motor turns ON. The
only way to stop the thyristor from conducting and thus stop the motor is to disconnect it
from the power supply.
This project can be further expanded to control the speed of the DC motor by using a
power thyristor controller. It can also be adapted to control larger loads such as lamps,
heaters, etc.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION
The principle behind controlling a “DC motor using a thyristor” involves using
the thyristor as a switch to regulate the power supplied to the motor. A thyristor is a
semiconductor device that acts as a bistable switch, meaning it can exist in either a
conducting or non-conducting state. Once triggered into the conducting state by a gate
signal, it remains conducting until the current flowing through it drops below a certain
threshold or it is manually reset.
Operation:
Triggering the Thyristor: The gate of the thyristor receives a current trigger via a push
button. This trigger is a pulse of current that switches the thyristor from a non-conducting
to a conducting state.
Conduction State: Once the thyristor is triggered, it allows current to flow from the anode
to the cathode, thereby powering the DC motor connected to the circuit. The thyristor
remains in this state, allowing the motor to run continuously.
Turning off the Motor: To stop the motor, the thyristor must be reset, which can be done
by interrupting the power supply. This is typically achieved by opening a switch (S1) in
the circuit, which cuts off the current flow and causes the thyristor to revert to its non-
conducting state
Controlling Motor Speed: While the basic circuit described here is for turning a motor
on and off, the speed of the DC motor can be controlled by adjusting the firing angle of
the thyristor in more advanced circuits. This is done by varying the timing of the gate pulse
relative to the supply voltage, which changes the amount of power delivered to the motor.
Circuit Components:
Thyristor (TYN612): Acts as the switch to control the motor.
• DC Motor: The load that is being controlled.
• Resistors (R1 and R2): R1 provides sufficient gate current to turn on the thyristor,
while R2 decreases gate sensitivity and increases dv/dt capability, preventing false
triggering.
• Switch (S1): Used to disconnect the power supply and reset the thyristor.
• Push Button (S2): Used to trigger the thyristor and start the motor.
• Power Supply: Provides the necessary voltage to the circuit.
Advantages of Using Thyristors:
High Current Gain: A small gate current can control a much larger anode current.
Efficient Switching: Thyristors are suitable for high-power applications and can
efficiently switch large currents.
Simple Control: The thyristor's bistable nature simplifies the control circuitry for on/off
applications.
Applications:
Thyristors are widely used in power-switching circuits, motor speed control, and other
applications where high currents and voltages are involved. They are particularly useful
in applications that require a switch to remain in a conducting state without continuous
control signals.
The provided image shows a basic circuit diagram for DC motor control using a thyristor,
illustrating the connections between the thyristor, motor, resistors, switch, and push
button.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)
The control of DC motors using thyristors is a well-studied area, with literature
covering various aspects such as speed control techniques, circuit design, and
comparative analyses of different control methods. Thyristors are semiconductor devices
that can act as switches, controlling the flow of electrical power in a circuit. They are
particularly useful in high-power applications due to their ability to handle large currents
and voltages efficiently.
Speed Control Techniques
Several papers discuss the speed control of DC motors using thyristors. The
methods for controlling the speed of DC motors include varying the armature voltage,
adjusting the field current, or using a combination of both. Thyristor-based converters are
commonly used to adjust the voltage supplied to the motor, which in turn controls the
speed. The firing angle of the thyristor is a critical parameter in controlling the motor
speed, as it determines the portion of the AC waveform that is converted to DC and
supplied to the motor.
Comparative Analysis
Comparative studies have been conducted to evaluate different speed control
techniques for DC motors. These studies often compare the performance, efficiency, and
complexity of various converter-based speed controllers. The choice of a particular
control method may depend on the specific requirements of the application, such as the
desired speed range, torque characteristics, and the nature of the load being driven by
the motor.
Circuit Design and Implementation
The literature also includes detailed descriptions of circuit designs for controlling
DC motors using thyristors. These designs typically involve a power supply, a thyristor or
thyristor-based converter, a control unit, and the DC motor itself. The control unit is
responsible for generating the gate signals that trigger the thyristor, thereby controlling
the power supplied to the motor.
Advantages and Applications
Thyristor-based control systems offer several advantages, including high current
gain, efficient switching, and simple control mechanisms for on/off applications. These
systems are widely used in industrial applications where variable speed and load
characteristics are required, such as in conveyor belts, fans, and pumps.
Challenges and Improvements
Despite the advantages, there are challenges associated with thyristor-based
control systems, such as the generation of harmonics and the need for protection against
overcurrent and overvoltage conditions. Research continues to focus on improving the
performance and reliability of these systems, including the use of advanced control
techniques like fuzzy logic and digital feedback control schemes.
Conclusion
The literature on DC motor control using thyristors is extensive and covers a range
of topics from basic principles to advanced control techniques. The ongoing research and
development in this field aim to optimize the performance of DC motor control systems,
making them more efficient, reliable, and suitable for a broader range of industrial
applications.
ONCondition:
The ON condition of a DC motor control circuit using a thyristor is achieved when the
thyristor is triggered into its conducting state. The thyristor, which acts as a bistable
switch, remains in the conducting state once it is triggered, allowing current to flow
through the motor and powering it.
In the provided circuit diagram, the ON condition can be described as follows:
1. The switch S1 is closed, completing the circuit and allowing the potential for current
flow.
2. The push button S2 is pressed, which sends a pulse of current to the gate (G) of
the thyristor (TYN612).
3. This pulse triggers the thyristor into its conducting state, where it allows current to
flow from the anode (A) to the cathode (K).
4. With the thyristor conducting, current flows through the DC motor, causing it to
start and run.
5. The motor will continue to run as long as the thyristor remains in the conducting
state and the switch S1 remains closed.
OFFCondition :
The OFF condition of a DC motor control circuit using a thyristor is when the thyristor is
not conducting, and thus no current flows through the motor, resulting in the motor being
powered off. This non-conducting state can be achieved by interrupting the power supply
to the thyristor, which can be done by opening a switch in the circuit.
Here's how the OFF condition is typically achieved:
1. Opening the Switch (S1): The switch S1 in the circuit is opened, which interrupts
the power supply to the thyristor and the rest of the circuit.
2. Thyristor Stops Conducting: With the power supply interrupted, the current through
the thyristor drops below its holding current, causing the thyristor to stop
conducting.
3. Motor Stops Running: Since the thyristor is no longer conducting, the current to
the DC motor is cut off, and the motor stops running.
4. Resetting the Circuit: With the thyristor in the non-conducting state, the circuit is
effectively reset, and the motor remains off until the thyristor is triggered again
COMPONENTS/LIST OF MATERIALS
1. Resistors
a. R1 (510 ohm) = 4 Php
b. R2 (1k ohm) = 4 Php
2. Switch
a. Tangle switch = 7 php
b. Push button switch = 7 Php
3. Thyristor
a. MAC97A6 = 25 Php
4. DC Motor
a. DC Motor = 45 Php
5. Miscellaneous
a. PCB or Breadboard -29 php
b. Flexible Wire – 10 php
6. Total
131 php
