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RESERVOIR SIMULATION PROJECT

Name : Faizan Ahmed

Roll # : 58

Depart : Petroleum & Gas

Submitted to : Sir Shams

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Table Of Content:

 Reservoir Simulation Project Outline Page no:3

 Numerical Dispersion Analysis Page no:5
 Time Step Optimization Pageno:7
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 Corey’s Function of Relative Permeability Page no:8

 Simulation Modeling of Case1-5 for Strong Water System Page no:11
 Sensitivity Analysis of Different Cases Page no:26
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Numerical Dispersion :
To eliminate the Numerical Dispersion of the given Reservoir Model , I had Run the
model for 4 different Grid sizes , analyze the Accuracy of the given results(FOE) from them
, on the basis of this an OPTIMIZED grid size is obtained which is then ran with different
Time Steps to get the better Results.

Grid Size Optimization :

t(min) t ultimate FOE no of cells Nx Dx
0.278 16.68 0.18640 12500 50 128
2.571 154.26 0.18676 50000 100 64
6.73 403.8 0.18682 81920 128 50
28.33 1699.8 0.18703 200000 200 32

Object 1

Table 1 FOE vs No of Cells

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On the Basis of Ultimate Recovery Oil Factor Efficiency , Grid size Nx= 100 is selected.
All the Cases done are of this optimized selected value.

Time Step Optimization :

Time Step Optimization is then run for 100 Grid Cells and obtained a TStep = 50*144.
Time Step Time Taken Time Taken Mins
72*100 137.75 2.2958
50*144 149.02 2.4837
40*180 142.74 2.3790
30*240 123.73 2.0622

Object 3

Table 2: Time to run Model vs. No of Cells

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Corey’s Function for Relative Permeability Curves:

To derive the Relative Permeabilities of Oil & Water at different Saturations , a technique
called as Corey’s Function is used.

By using the Formulae we are able to get the Relative Permeabilities of oil and water.

Where,

Krw=Relative Permeability of water.

(Krw)sor =End point Relative permeability of water.

(Kro)swi =End point Relative Permeability of Oil.

Sw = Saturation of water

Swi = Connate / Initial water Saturation.

Sor = Irreducible Oil Saturation.

no/nw = Exponents of Relative Permeability Curve.

Figure 1: Relative Permeability Curve of Oil and Water (Courtesy : Tarek Ahmed)
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Strong Water Wet System:

By using Corey’s Function , we generated the Relative Permeablity curves for Strong
water wet system.
krwe swi nw sor no
0.45 0.3 3 0.3 2

Sw Krw kro sor

0.3 0 1 0.75
0.76562
0.35 0.000879 5 0.7
0.4 0.007031 0.5625 0.65
0.39062
0.45 0.02373 5 0.6
0.5 0.05625 0.25 0.55
0.14062
0.55 0.109863 5 0.5
0.6 0.189844 0.0625 0.45
0.01562
Table 3: Relative Permeabilities data for Strong 5
0.65 0.301465 water wet 0.4
System
0.7 0.45 0 0.35

Crossover Saturation: 0.58

Object 5

Figure 2: Relative Permeability curves for Strong water wet System

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Moderate Water Wet System:

According to the given assignment we have to run the Models for Moderate water wet
reservoir too, therefore by using Corey’s Relation we generated the Relative Permeability
data & Curve.

Input and generated data are given below:

krwe swi Sor nw kroe no
0.3 0.28 0.25 1.5 1 3

sw krw kro
0.28 0 1
0.01040
0.33 9 0.713599
0.02944
0.38 2 0.487878
0.05408
0.43 9 0.315614
0.08327
0.48 6 0.189582
0.11638
0.53 2 0.102559
0.15298
0.58 8 0.047321
0.19278
0.63 6 0.016644
0.68 0.23554 0.003304
0.72 0.27174 0

Crossover Saturation :0.52

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Object 7

Figure 3: Relative Permeability curves for Moderate water wet System

Simulation Modeling on Different Cases:

:For Strong Water wet System:-

Case 1: 5-Spot pattern waterflooding in a heterogeneous isotropic
reservoir.
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous
 Isotropic (kx=ky=kx)
 2phase Flow.
 1 production and 4 Water Injection Well.
 Ultimate FOE : 0.21635526
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Figure 4: 3D view of Reservoir Simulation for Case1 (Isotropic Heterogeneous Reservoir)

Summary Of Case1 for Strong Water Wet System:

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Case 2: 5-Spot pattern waterflooding in a heterogeneous anisotropic

reservoir.
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous
 Isotropic (kx=ky=kx*1/5)
 2phase Flow.
 1 production and 4 Water Injection Well.
 Ultimate FOE : 0.19197348

Figure 5 view of Reservoir Simulation for Case1 (Anisotropic Heterogeneous Reservoir)

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Summary Of Case2 for Strong Water Wet System:

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Case 3: 5-Spot pattern waterflooding in a heterogeneous anisotropic

reservoir
Full Cross Flow:
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 Permeability in Z direction = Nz*PermX*1
 2 Phase Flow.
 1 production 4 water injection wells.
 Ultimate FOE = 0.1867594

Figure 6 view of Reservoir Simulation for Case3 FullCross Flow

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Summary Of Case3(i) for Strong Water Wet System:

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Case 3: 5-Spot pattern waterflooding in a heterogeneous anisotropic

reservoir
NoCross Flow:
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 Permeability in Z direction = Nz*PermX*0
 2 Phase Flow.
 1 production 4 water injection wells.
 Ultimate FOE = 0.17519338

Figure 7: view of Reservoir Simulation for Case3 No Cross Flow

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Summary Of Case3(ii) for Strong Water Wet System:

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Case 4(i) single horizontal well along x-direction in the center of the
reservoir
covering all grids in x-direction
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 2 Phase Flow.
 1Horizontal Well Along X axis in the centre of Reservoir.
 Perforated in 3rd layer.
 Ultimate FOE = 0.17519338

Figure 8 Horizontal Well in 3rd layer along X Axis

Figure 9 : Single Horizontal Well in 3rd layer along X Axis Saturation

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Case 4(ii) single vertical well in the center of the reservoir, perforating in
all layers
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 2 Phase Flow.
 single vertical well in the center of the reservoir, perforating in all layers.
 Ultimate FOE = 0.043788958

Figure 10 : Single Vertical in the centre of reservoir well perforating in all layers
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Case 5: Place 2 horizontal wells

I. Along x-direction in the 1st layer covering all grids in x-direction

 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 2 Phase Flow.
 single Horizontal well in the 1st layer covering all grids in x Direction .
 Ultimate FOE = 0.043789193
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Case 5: Place 2 horizontal wells

II. Along y-direction in the 4th layer covering all grids in y-direction
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 2 Phase Flow.
II. Along y-direction in the 4th layer covering all grids in y-direction
III. Ultimate FOE = 0.043788828

Figure 11 Horizontal well in 4th Layer along Y axis

Figure 12 Saturation Profile of Horizontal well in 4th Layer along Y axis

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Sensitivity Analysis:
Comparison of FOE and WWCT of Case1 & 2:

Figure 13 Comparison of FOE for Case1 and Case 2 for Strong water wet System

Comments:
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Figure 14: Comparison of WWCT for Case1 and Case 2 for Strong water wet System

Figure 15 WWCT Comparison of Case1 & Case2 Moderate water system

Comments:
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Comparison of FOE and WWCT of Case3i & 3ii:

Figure 16 FOE Comparison of Case3(i) for Strong water wet System.

Figure 17 FOE Comparison of Case3(i) & Case3(ii) Moderate water system

Comments:
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Figure 18: FOE Comparison of Case3(i) for Strong water wet System.

Figure 19 WWCT Comparison of Case3(i) & Case3(ii) Moderate water system

Comments:
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Comparison of FOE and WWCT of Case4i & 4ii:

Figure 20: Comparison of FOE of Case4(i) and Case4(ii) for strong water wet system

Figure 21 FOE Comparison of Case4(i) & Case4(ii) Moderate water system

Comments:
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Figure 23 WWCT Comparison of Case4(i) & Case4(ii) Strong water system

Figure 24 WWCT Comparison of Case4(i) & Case4(ii) Moderate water system

Comments:
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Comparison of FOE and WWCT of Case5i & 5ii:

Figure 25: Comparison of FOE of Case5(i) and Case5(ii) for strong water wet system

Figure 26 FOE Comparison of Case5(i) & Case5(ii) Moderate water system

Comments:
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Figure 27: Comparison of WWCT of Case5(i) and Case5(ii) for strong water wet system

Figure 28 WWCT Comparison of Case5(i) & Case5(ii) Moderate water system

Comments:
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FOE WWCT Comparison of Case1 for Moderate and Strong water

System:

Figure 29 FOE Comparison of Case1 for Moderate and Strong water System:

Figure 30: WWCT Comparison of Case1 for Moderate and Strong water System:
Comments:
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FOE Comparison of Case2 for Moderate and Strong water System:

Figure 31 FOE Comparison of Case2 for Moderate and Strong water System:

Figure 32 WWCT Comparison of Case2 for Moderate and Strong water System.

Comments:
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FOE Comparison of Case3 Fullcross flow for Moderate and Strong

water System:

Figure 33 FOE Comparison of Case3 Full Crossflow for Moderate and Strong water System:

Figure 34 WWCT Comparison of Case3 Full Crossflow for Moderate and Strong water System:

Comments:
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FOE Comparison of Case3 No cross flow for Moderate and Strong

water System:

Figure 35 FOE Comparison of Case3 Nocross flow for Moderate and Strong water System

Figure 36: WWCT Comparison of Case3 Nocross flow for Moderate and Strong water System
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Simulation Modeling on Different Cases:

:For moderate Water wet System:-
Case 1: 5-Spot pattern waterflooding in a heterogeneous isotropic
reservoir.
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous
 Isotropic (kx=ky=kx)
 2phase Flow.
 1 production and 4 Water Injection Well.
 Ultimate FOE : 0.20663854

Figure 37: 3D view of reservoir simulation for case 1 (isotropic Heterogeneous Reservoir )

SUMMARY OF CASE 1 FOR MODERATE WATER WET SYSTEM:

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CASE 2: 5 SPOT PATTERN WATERFLOODING IN A

HETEROGENOUS ANISOTROPIC
o Reservoir is heterogeneous
o Anisotropic (kx=ky=kx*1/5)
o 2-phase flow
o 1 production and 4 water injection well
o Ultimate FOE : 0.18469207

Figure 38 3D :view of reservoir simulation for case1(anisotropic heterogeneous reservoir)

SUMMARY OF CASE 2 FOR MODERATE WATER WET SYSTEM:

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CASE 3:5 SPOT PATTERN WATERFLOODING IN A

HETROGENOUS ANISOTROPIC RESERVOIR
Full Cross Flow:
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 Permeability in Z direction = Nz*PermX*1
 2 Phase Flow.
 1 production 4 water injection wells.
 Ultimate FOE =0.17952837

Figure 39: view of Reservoir simulation for case3 crossflow flow

SUMMARY OF CASE 3(1) FOR MODERATE WATER WET

SYSTEM
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CASE 3: 5 SPOT PATTERN WATERFLOODING IN A

HETEROGENOUS ANISOTROPIC
No cross flow
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 Permeability in Z direction = Nz*PermX*0
 2 Phase Flow.
 1 production 4 water injection wells.
 Ultimate FOE =

Figure 40: view of Reservoir Simulation for Cases3 no cross flow

SUMMARY OF CASE 3(ii) FOR MODERATE WATER WET

SYSTEM
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CASE 4(i) SINGLE HORIZONTAL WELL ALONG X-DIRECTION

IN THE CENTER OF THE RESERVOIR
COVERING ALL GRIDS IN X DIRECTION
o Reservoir is heterogeneous
o 2 phase Flow
o 1 horizontal Well along X axis in the Centre of Reservoir
o Perforated in 3rd layer
o Ultimate FOE= 0.042956818

Figure 41: Horizontal Well in 3rd layer along X-axis

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Figure 42: Single Horizontal Well in 3rd layer along X-axis saturation

SUMMARY OF CASE 4(i) FOR MODERATE WATER WET

SYSTEM
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Case 4(ii) single vertical well in the center of the reservoir, perforating in
all layers
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 2 Phase Flow.
 single vertical well in the center of the reservoir, perforating in all layers.
 Ultimate FOE = 0.042955454

Figure 43: Single vertical well in the center of reservoir perforating all layers

SUMMARY OF CASE 4(ii) FOR MODERATE WATER WET SYSTEM:

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Case 5: Place 2 horizontal wells

I. Along x-direction in the 1st layer covering all grids in x-direction
 Reservoir is Heterogeneous.
 2 Phase Flow.
 Single Horizontal well in the 1st layer covering all grids in x Direction .
 ultimate FOE =0.042955827
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Figure 44: single horizontal Well in 1st layer covering all grids in x-direction

Figure 45: saturation profile in horizontal well in 1st layer covering all x-axis grids
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II. Along x-direction in the 4th layer covering all grids in x-direction

Figure 46: Horizontal well along x-direction in the 4th layer covering all grids in x-direction
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Figure 47: Saturation distribution in horizontal well in 4th layer covering all x-axis grids
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SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS:

FOE AND WWCT COMPARISION OF CASE 1 AND CASE 2

FOE AND WWCT COMPARISON OF CASE (i) AND CASE

(ii)
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FOE AND WWCT COMPARISION OF CASE4 (i) CASE (ii)

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FOE AND WWCT COMPARISION OF CASE 5(i) CASE 5(ii)

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