[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
12K views4 pages

Logarithmi Function

Exponential functions have the form f(x) = ax where a > 0 and a ≠ 1. Logarithmic functions are the inverse of exponential functions. The logarithm of a number is the power to which the base must be raised to produce that number. The domain of logarithmic functions is the interval (0, ∞) since the input cannot be 0 or negative. The range is all real numbers. The base cannot be 0, 1, or negative. The output of the log is negative when the base is between 0 and 1 and the input is greater than 1, and positive otherwise. It is positive when the base is greater than 1 and the input is between 1 and the base, and negative otherwise.

Uploaded by

muhammadhuzaifax808
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12K views4 pages

Logarithmi Function

Exponential functions have the form f(x) = ax where a > 0 and a ≠ 1. Logarithmic functions are the inverse of exponential functions. The logarithm of a number is the power to which the base must be raised to produce that number. The domain of logarithmic functions is the interval (0, ∞) since the input cannot be 0 or negative. The range is all real numbers. The base cannot be 0, 1, or negative. The output of the log is negative when the base is between 0 and 1 and the input is greater than 1, and positive otherwise. It is positive when the base is greater than 1 and the input is between 1 and the base, and negative otherwise.

Uploaded by

muhammadhuzaifax808
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Exponential functions:-

Are those functions in the form of f(x) = ax whereas a > 0, a ≠ 1.


0-ve and 00 is not defined.

Logarithmic functions:-
Inverse functions of exponentiations are called logarithmic functions.
If we write f(x) = ax so we also can write as logaf(x) = x.
For example 23 = 8 = log28 = 3.
logxx = 1 whereas x  R.
 Input of log cannot be zero or negative.
We can write as domain D of logarithmic function is D = +R, because
input of 0 means that:
f(x) = ax = 0 , x  R

The above function f(x) is undefined.


If we write
log20 = undefined

If we write function as:


f(x) = ax = -R, x  R

The above function f(x) is undefined.


If we write
log2-2 = undefined

We simply can say that domain of logarithmic functions is in the interval


of (0, ∞)

 Range of logarithmic function is all real numbers :


yR

 Base of logarithmic function can never be zero, one and negative :


logax = y such that a ≥ 0 & a ≠ 1
If we write
log02 = undefined

So we cannot take base zero.


If we write
log-22 = undefined

So we cannot take base negative.


If we write
log12 = undefined

So we cannot take base one.

 logex = lnx  called natural logarithm, whereas “e” is Euler’s constant.


Its value e = 2.718, it is irrational value.
Logee = lne = 1

 log10x  called common logarithm.

Q. When will be the output of log is negative and positive?

To answer this question we have to define two cases:

 Case -1 when base a < 1

Input x > 1  output of log is negative


Log0.58 = -3

Input a > x < 1  output of log is positive


Log0.50.25 = 2

Input a < x < 1  output of log is positive


Log0.250.5 = 0.5
 Case -2 when base a > 1

Input x < 1  output of log is negative


Log40.5 = -0.5

Input a > x > 1  output of log is positive


Log164 = 0.5

Input a < x > 1  output of log is positive


Log24 = 2

 Some properties related two numbers :

If two numbers or functions are multiplied and taken the log which is
equal to sum of their logs taken individually:

Loga[f(x)×g(x)] = loga[f(x)]+loga[g(x)]

If two numbers or functions are divide and taken the log which equal to
difference between these two functions is taken log individually:

Loga[f(x)/g(x)] = loga[f(x)]–loga[g(x)]

We have also a base property of log as:

logba = logca/ logcb

If we have an exponential function and take the log of that function:

Loga[f(x)n] = nloga[f(x)]
Euler’s constant (e):

 Base of natural logarithm (lnx = logex) are called Euler’s


constant
 ‘e’ is irrational number which is approximately equal to 2.718.
 ‘e’ is equal to limit of function (1+1/x)x when x approaches to
infinity.
 If it is in exponential function of the form f(x) = ex then the
derivative or integration of f(x) is equal to itself.
 Euler’s constant is also involved in the famous equation called
Euler’s identity: eiπ = -1

Euler’s identity is the most beautiful function that unifies five


mathematical constants together (i, π, 1, 0 and e), this equation
interconnects different branches of mathematics including
calculus, trigonometry and complex numbers.

You might also like