Basic Terms & Operations
Normal Fuzzy Set
A normal fuzzy set is one whose membership function has
at least one element x0 in the universe where its
membership function equals to one.
1 A (x 0 ) 1 1 A (x 0 ) 1
A normal fuzzy x Subnormal fuzzy x
Basic Terms & Operations
Equality of Fuzzy Sets
Two fuzzy sets are said to be equal if their membership
functions are equal everywhere in the universe of
discourse, that is
AB if A (x) B (x)
Basic Terms & Operations
Union of Two Fuzzy Sets
The union of two fuzzy sets A and B defined over the
same universe of discourse X is a new fuzzy set AB
also on X with membership function which is the
maximum of the grades of membership function of
every x to A and B:
AB (x) A (x) B (x) max(A (x),B (x))
Basic Terms & Operations
Union of Two Fuzzy Sets
AB ( x ) A ( x ) B ( x )
A B
x
Basic Terms & Operations
Union of Two Fuzzy Sets
Example
1 0.5 0.3 0.2
A
2 3 4 5
0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
B
2 3 4 5
Find: A B
Basic Terms & Operations
Union of Two Fuzzy Sets
Exercise
1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0
D1
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0
D2
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Find: D1 D2
Basic Terms & Operations
Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets
The intersection of two fuzzy sets A and B is a new
fuzzy set AB also on X with membership function
which is the minimum of the grades of membership
function of every x in X to the sets A and B:
AB(x) A (x) B(x) min(A (x),B(x))
Basic Terms & Operations
Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets
A B ( x ) A ( x ) B ( x )
A B
x
Basic Terms & Operations
Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets
Example
1 0.5 0.3 0.2
A
2 3 4 5
0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
B
2 3 4 5
Find: A B
Basic Terms & Operations
Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets
Example
1 0.5 0.3 0.2
A
2 3 4 5
0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
B
2 3 4 5
Find: A B
Basic Terms & Operations
Intersection of Two Fuzzy Sets
Exercise
1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0
D1
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0
D2
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Find: D1 D2
Basic Terms & Operations
Complement of a Fuzzy Set
The complement of a fuzzy set A is a new fuzzy set A
also on X with membership function:
A (x) 1 A (x)
A
A
x
Basic Terms & Operations
Complement of a Fuzzy Set
Example
1 0.5 0.3 0.2
A
2 3 4 5
0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
B
2 3 4 5
Find: A, B
Basic Terms & Operations
Complement of a Fuzzy Set
Exercise
1 0.75 0.3 0.15 0
D1
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0
D2
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Find: D1 , D2
Basic Terms & Operations
Power of a Fuzzy Set
The power of A is a new fuzzy set A, with membership
function
A ( x ) A ( x )
Basic Terms & Operations
Power of a Fuzzy Set
Example
1 0.5 0.3 0.2
A
2 3 4 5
0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
B
2 3 4 5
Find: 2 1/ 2
A B
Basic Terms & Operations
Power of a Fuzzy Set
CON (concentration)
A 2 ( x ) CON A ( x ) A ( x )
2
Basic Terms & Operations
Power of a Fuzzy Set
DIL (dilatation)
A1 / 2 ( x ) DILA ( x ) A ( x )
Basic Terms & Operations
Linguistic Variables
Basic Terms & Operations
Linguistic Hedges and Operators
Basic Terms & Operations
Linguistic Hedges and Operators
Basic Terms & Operations
Example
Suppose we have a universe integers, Y={1,2,3,4,5}. We
define the following linguistic terms as a mapping onto Y:
1 .8 .6 .4 .2
' Small '
1 2 3 4 5
.2 .4 .6 .8 1
' L arg e'
1 2 3 4 5
Find: very small, not very small, not very small and not
very large, very large
Linguistic Variables & Values
Example
Ship age is defined as follows:
0 .1 .3 .5 .7 .9 .1
'Old '
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1 .9 .7 .5 .3 .1 .0
'Young '
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Find: very old, very old or very young, not very old
and more or less young
