2020 GURUCOOL CLASSES OM NAMO SHIVAY NCERT CHEMISTRY NOTES CLASS - XII -- ‘BIOMOLECULES BY DR.VIKAS (BABOO) YADAV M.SC., B.ED., PH.Dol Yosacchameles C 2-10) ro MorecuLes “Fin complex exganic compounds which forms tht basis 6 Life and Uwe responsible fos the Hy and mainienance G the diving Systems ant vette Biormotecvles - eq Conbohydsates, Paoteins , Vitamins, aipids ele - CrrgoniDRATtes Poly ‘hy cho aldehydes op poly hy deo Yerones Ox we poly rns moleccles aShith ob hycholys's give poly Rydaosy “alstehyalo and Kelonss atte Called Casbohiel ~BaIeS « classrfication Conbohyclsates '- % On the basis 4) behaviour on Tycho lysis +- @ Monosacchandes :- “Those pel Roya aldehyda Sp Ketones coltich can't be Froholysed (fosthar - ~ CEHy_ Og CGlvcosed , Ce Hig Cefrockesed , Cohn, Chobactose) ete. @® Disacchasides'- Tho Conbchydvates shit oP pyctoolysrs give +o mnolecvles a pnonosacchasdes- es. Svevose (Citar) , Malttose CCip a2 on> PC ® Trisacchawdtes'- @§- Cig Hg Prg FAH —> Celn2% 7 Ce H26 Zlucose = Frvelnse. Raffinose i + Coho” ® Poly sacchaside § > Galactose - whith eo | Ry denly'sis give Jowge Do 4 monos qech aside units + 2x. Stavch, cellvlose, Glycogen ebe.@ + On dno basis dQ taste | MD Sugars 1- Cnbohydrates Which axe Stoeeh intatte. ea AleCese, Eyyetose, Svemse etc. @® Nenrsvgars + Canbobydeotes which are nat sweet jn Aoste- & store , Cello lose etc. @® On tra basis 4 Reslocing behovipyr '- SS Sa ® Redwcing srgaes ' Whe Conboy dates esnich au Capable to weduce Tolien's creogenh ard Faniing’s Aclvtfon * - Alwcose. ett- ® Non- Redocing, sugars iv jo esedluce “Toller’s Reagent am eh Frvctese, Suewse ele. Monosacchandes Classifvcahow | Up Aldose t- Nonosaccnandes possessing an aldehyde (—cho) group om Called aldose: : &- A\vcose . fp A UD Ketose - Monosaccharides possessing roto (ee ans Called Kelose- Shieh ave vot Capable 4 Febting’'s xo\”” & - FProctose+ CRO CHy ot | 1 Cre (CH, 1 \ (enon), Chon ) Ne $1234 ors one > nz werd ( Aldose) t kcelose>Devers ov sro no- & ¢~ atoms present, monosacehrng -es ave ofSo olassifed as — Aviose, telsose, pentose , toxose ele. Open chan Shvchre_o), monosaccharsdes :- h—C=o0 H-C=o Cho | | yo CHOW Heskett & =e i \ ROo-C—H no nll rome" \ H—C-oH h—-C— OW | CHy0H CoH Gatap D Ct) 4lucose L(--élecose D-Feoclose y ~~ D-and L- Confixusation Ea y— Con qshen the —oW gsrupon ts Conbow | atore odjacent +0 — Chor geerr Ho — —_ . ° i 7 ies on tHe op) Rand sre for —¥ in Pischos Paugection fovrorda 1S WH —C~OW called D- and 15 it ties OF on oy left hard side, then it 1S a 4 : D- 4alactose called L- Isonmevs Cyd srovchyves _ monosacchandes '- Fra fowrnation Q an Ibesmoleciay Rarmacesal oy a Remiketal in a monosacchasides sesudts tha Five op SH membered cyclic Ting Called dumnose and pyranose wings, vrespechielp: -i Oo oO © ° ‘Tyson, Pyar, Cyclic _SYwuchrre oh, Slucose + H—C-on n—ete Ho-C-¥ | ] H—C-On h— C—on n—deou ™~ | | | Ho-c—y |S No-e—H |= Ho-e VO ! o | ! ae, Tia H— C—O ) HCW) n—d n—C : bow Cron CH OH &K-D~ 4)ecose D-4lveose fo-Daslocose mn Dr ONenee Gee pe De Slucoy Creche Bysvchs ee Coben shuchuve) éyche. shudwe Mess (Fischas~ Progechom fernula ) Prnomess £ Anomenic Conbor (41ycosidhe Carbon) '- Tha tusD {eornasyc s monosacchanals whieh abiffer 1H configuration awund Cy atom tailed anomeys. and the Cy aber 's Ore Caled anomanc Conboy) or Algcosialic Corban - Mota wotahion '- “he Sponfonzous change fp ophcall xoiahion a openly active Compound tn Oqueovs Adlodon i¥s Cgniidsiuw — State is called ait tive fo molaraiaiion : / “ x-D~ dlucose = Operchain <> PB -D-4lvcose [ey = tN B° (BEAD O1Or%e Teo = +19" (6a) Tle ad eourtbebr = £9.6°. .Howasth Pagection fexrnola § tyclic str dh Glocose CoH cornD}t y 1/ f Fen ” ° Cy on Ct iN 17] 5 7% by Cs Cn OW on hn on on se tuo dn Xb aAlveonS y ov P-Dr-sloeose Properties > CReae?s dh open chain shucvre) (i> oxldlabtow 1 CHo | Br, (cHond, + COS “Seer Cho Qo) Cont: HNOg, UD Reduei ny. Nabure H Preparation @, glucose ci) Prom Cange segax * ee Cy2Wo2On + Hygo > Cehtn&6 * CoHn% . Zlveose — Frvelor {tp For Starch '- wt (Cg Hy 0¢),, + 9420? n Cehyr.%6 Alveose Coon \ (CHOW), CHy 0H 4S)veonie acre) Goon (cHOH dy doon Suechawic acd Suechane 004 with “Tollen’s Reogeot cro coonHy? | Cond, + QLagtvig,on™ —s Conomdy a 275-L CHgoH giver minor a +3NHS + Hed+ SP Teniinys_pstotion 1 4 coo ny 0) (cH! Dy + & CyloHd + Nao —> no, + cupitane R oben CHpOH prt tii) Redvelion |- Cho “ i army Ay mason n (chon, * eS iow, } WadH dion sosbdrio$ Y APE 2 CHOY 6RT —S Ss (dr, CHg0H ons Panag, Wy Rea? usr end ~ 3 n— e269 HO dow I Be i] (chon), + Pay _ (cHON), | t CoH Chon Alvconitwe @® RY usity rychroxylami ns = zo H- c=N~-or H-C56 Wh ) zo WNOH i CoHomdy + 7 Hen), CH) 0H Cho} win BP wsith_serniconbarias alocese oxime eg COm MM, ee I NHCOMM, CHRON, + \ & Dy —_—— - eenond, \ OH 20) ken ChyOH Cloewse Sera Conbarens.Guikeac” with Pele 1. - CHO CHO Conon, + BPUle ~- CHO, + 5 POty + SHA bygon * Ope Wil) fermentahon Peviacrtonay cess Cen Ayrnase, Qesyeon + 2C02 Reac?s d& cyche shocluve '- cy Reac? us aflcohols — cu ocr ; n—e-@n) h 3 H—C—on Hane * Ho-C—-h ho-C—h 4 + chs) ° I —C—-On 64 a ) —Cc n—Cc H ; : Chon ' chon 2 - Yherhy] = -D-4lucoside WD) Rene? wikb acetic anbydeicle ° - Cheekylahon or acyletion) worser H— Cx0-CotHs | h— Con —C—0-C00 1 Gig co, noe 43 Hoe o +5 . pe Pr engteo— & —H o CHgCo,. me . ue h— COCO : , H-o7 ine } : | Chon . Chg 0-cotg X-D= Slucose pento -acerote . + Sch,cooHSrructowe_ 6, fructose | Hore bea o Rom @ SCHAOY How c- ath JX HO-C—H How Ey p—¢-0n coy = nacmon = nnd a nae Oo b-boy ery O bop Te 4 @-d- “fae Bapaewe Ete sie Cae hele (pysanose shruche> Howorty Projection formula ce - ae of Do Pruchose Pysanose shu inves R- -dRracose HORS LO HO Me, HOH a-D- crue hocanese pe "Oe Ssochofura noseFomctions dh Conbohydvale |- * Ths Carbohydrate acts as tha motos povrce fos. animals and shorman be} ' ‘s 3 ee Bayo wy ” sags Way ang also call ed ' # Tro Conborydsates act as faod vegesve in plans and anipoals Cabyeeaer> 4 Tey are shuchvral mated a cold wall PROTEINS. Protein are the poly mrsxs ate arnino acid uStnieh ove essential ee moscugor gent in animals, Airino (S42) acids (cop) ae bosle vais oh Proteins + The genre fosmula — &—Corbon Hyd — G— COOH 4 aroino grup R Conboxy| gh 7 amm Side chen Zwitles_lon ' Awites (0? " Hy N— my ® ) G R an <=> hygN —C—Coo . k te Le conhypeahor ve Xuoiies yon D-¥ Lo conjyveme ns poor" cont H-—C— Wy — 6 j ry? 4 cH oh 3, D— alanine L- alanine, Sora important amino aeiels | 5 v k= w Ghcine ye C-co0t R= Chg Alanine I R Re — Ng COOH Aspastic acid ele: Re we . C3 Hyishetine IY Classifveation 4 amine aciels '- Debenching vpor velahve nor Q— WH) £ -coon g0.ps- CD Nevbral amino anals - . || anno acids containiry WD Aciche arnino ariel&t- Conpaining tes — coon 4. one— WH: | ont —nn, ¢ one — cH Me amino aries CHD Roairle amine quis Me amino atrds covhairunt duso — 0H, f ond —c0on. Eesentiad & Non- essential aminoacids — reseniolitr Nop. ee Fe amine acids which Roman body Can't Synihasise and mugh be sepphied in the diel at called essenhal and ushith axe syntheshad by- tha Ruman body ave called non-esserha) amino quilt. + essential arnino atid’ — valine , lveine, tryptophan obt- Gro Mack MH Fos. A’ Covse Kuashiortar , ooelectsic Pink '- An aclelic solohons, amino acide exh as cation cohereas in basic golubons as nagahve fon. fhevefore on passi eclectic Current , they ciinede £ anode, wespectvely« Hence, migsale fowords oe satel H fhe amino aca molecules do rot miewte +o eilhase elechod®. “Tris pr ye Known as fsoeleckst ¢ pont é‘Note 1- Excepi aiyeine ot amino acids are optically active : Hy hd — City OOH febtides - FO pephdes ~ Proteins) |- “Tre compounds sshichx blames by conclensation ju OF move , Same o7 dliFovent a ‘ : carve cotesl pephides . . i aminoacids et. n paso Hee) ali oO R : “The poly peptides whieb for orgs pe Pave molecvlas mass greater sat 8 rv 1 than [0,000 & ave called Proteins. Parente Classificatron 6 Proteins ® fibwos Protemns — The = peolevns Which consist Q Linear - fread Lk'te — polypephde chains ave Called fibrous peotelns » ef. Kesatin ip nails, skin, fairs , woo) ebt. Porxoin on silk : |. , Myosin jn pmuscles > GrlobwWlax Proteins | Ro proterns wheb In ushich poly pephiole chains exist in Sphoroiclad shape are Called qiobvlas. proteins eg, AI) enzymes, Aormone insulin, antibodies , haemoglobin , albwnin, venom 4} snakes ele, ote - . ‘ Note Moxwus , Aotemns Lipbulgv Proteins Wb “read dike t Sprovoidal shape- ti) Tiosted 4 Rela by strong | id eo We bond « Mr bone GD Solvdle yy wader. GD an golvble | in woctew . Se oe ee yy | Gv) sensitive to change in pl Penp|Shuciore dD Pasteing | Revteins Rave door type G}, stroclvves | - OD Podmarg Shreve |- Te psimary shuchre f psvteins wefess tra sequence 4} arnvno acids held togeHor peptide bonds. o e. Haemoglobin ahi acts as oxygen cavvies has S44 arnine aud unis: Trewin > SA amino acids . SB tes chains. th) Seconda _Shuchore |- Th 1985, Pavting sug getied that pooteins Exist jp coiled Spival chape calded felt. Right Randed felix — ot—helix Lest tot a — petohy rivas 7 quling Valse proposed a x Sl ure Ca) p- conformal or pleted Sheet shuchre- Ciy Povalle) planted sheels- chain exist in Pavalie)- Ud Anti- porsalle) pleated sheets ~ exist in anti-paralle) e. Kesatin 4 Hosvin , wespechvely - “iy Tevttony chuchuve |) The 3D Shuchuve groiein exwst Tp -haisting , bending and folding fom Onder certain Condit a ett & semp . 14 exis most Stable struchse called native state- es Hivos 4 Globular eaoteins. CRope tike) — C Random anid’) QY Qvatesnary _shucwve | Proteins Which consists 4 tusp OF — Mowe pephide chains Csvb-vnrhs) ave Called Qualomory proteins . figures 5- nebe Prien 5 yey. as lemme LO d), Frotes Proketns. , fackors s responsible Fos_shrvchre 6}, Protein Protein '-* Enaymes + Essenhod biological Calalys} adhich axe . Laws : requires} +to Codetyse biological weackons ani called enaymes pi) enzymes § ave globulas eins. : 3 Maltese , ~Sactase,: fvesiase efe * oxivedvelase_enzymt, vl Broymes whith are | used efor ow ET gea” vengrs in biological systern- Phany)Ketoureg {- Disease cavsed by . Aychaoxylase . Aibinism - Disease Caused eH efficiency & dyrosinate Shreptokinase :- Enzyme eghich ahissalves tht bloool clot * Nocrere Areaps Long Chain Polym udbyeh are vesPP- engible for feveditow charackenishes and biosynthests a, proteins. awe called Nocleve _acvals » Types 45 Nodefe acids i tb DNA Deoxy Rrdose nucleic ack Ub RNA — Ribsse mucleic acicl- Constitvent dj,_Novelete acids \- onsirtvenst d}_Nec Ud Pentose sugar Gy Phosphewe aud aD Nihrogenoos bases , Nihegensus Bases ~ Tesotypes '- we Pysivrichinas — fave tpree bases: he Gytesine (c) , Ahynings| GD’ Powines — OPA erect CV dn Beam T be RNA-U rs LL, Gave tum bases adenine (A), Guanins C2. degicieney & phony! alanine ° oH 2 © Ws ynoon M , | & f otk | NO SS woo So ” se " wise } 4 i 4 Thyreine Cytosina ioHo, 8 yr = 4 | " yl < yy, ~~ U ho 4 . Adenine Gvanine coon awa Nucleosides !- A onrt formed by. dhe attachmend & a base Un): -+ ab 4' postion eoith sugar O01 ©. Base Nodeohidde !- usher a nvcleosile is —— inked ts phosphowe acid of s” , postion x Sugar g molecvole « Sy -p-o— He O. bo # (nocleos ide) Ow DNA | 3) Contains a pentose sugar deoxyribose esith adenine, guanine; thymine and cyfosina | bases. A phosphde is aso ~ present Oy sth position - Try are biopalyme Ehave dalovbye felix shuchxe 3b polynucleotices . On their ghvcwre Adenine fooms H-bondiry anth Thymwine (A- -T) ushereas — Cyfesine CC) fomnns with “Goanine (0-69 (C-G) > RNA? 94 Contains sibose sucas with vvacil , cytosine, deni ard guanint. A phosh tr ts adso present a} shh posibor gh sega Peclocote. Rave agi Polk Shuclvre » They ave associated win! learning £ memory fonctions %} _Nuclele Aerds + () Replication or heredity transfer '- Dovble Palix DAA emke as Storehouse erehe infosmation in the Sequence 3 ATC, G- % 3 "S 1 - “THR process in which DNA molecule produces tu Idevticad molecwles jtself is called crepiication «lib Peolein Synthesis i Tt involves duso sheps — transceipHon |. Copying 6 Sequence d} bases § Dun on RNA is Called —transesiphor . Duwirg ths process DIB pastiold vnemnds and sevves as a templet cfow Synirasis GQ RVA Called m- ROA (messergerd - Transighiow! “This Ts process ip aShich m- RUA Aivects protein synbresis tn cytoplasm), cel unt Tnvolverumt Q 1- RNA (Chrarsfex) and ribosome! particles Codon. Tre Eeqvence 6} nucleotide in m-ROA in the set &, thwee (iziplet) is called codon - Grong - The sequence bases OF nucleotide In DNA eohich Fepolates the” Synthesis &, prsein 1s called a gene - Note '- Tho velationshyp bhp Codon and amino aads is called Grohe code - Motation!- Fis chanical change in jhe sequente 4h bases in DNA is called motahon: “This Can takes place beer § Spontansous change OF expasore % UV ways, x15 ard chernucals - =] VITAMINS 1 Ire Gxganie compas ushich ave seqnred in smale amount) Jo Note the — biologread forchons cfow novrmnad Umaintenace and health 3 +h orga nisr are Called vitamins. On sro basis olobiy vitamis ave classifies) Toto usd ae ae ub Pate poloble vitamins! A, Db, €, K (Storelir liver & Adipose Hssves) ii) Wates-polvble vitamins? B and c Cand be stored in sue body except Byrd-VITAMINS SOURCES DEFICIENCY DISEASES “A fish Lives ow, Xempbthalmia (harden Carol , rol, Beomsa), rivsht bhindrass booties Bs . Yeast, mul , Beri- Resi ( [oss 4 abehre) (Tia mn) green vey cevels goer retardation Bo milk, esgwhite chailosts (fissvsiry (Riboflavin) Qier Kidney Covners 6} seat hboe ——_— —______. Q Skin. Se Yeast , mnilie, eg yolk Convulsions (pyridoxine) eae Bro Meal fish egg Anemia _ _f4 cord Cc Citvavs feviis, Sev leafy vegetables “t bs Be ex sure $0 Sunbishh Rickels ( bonedeform, Sish a ors yolk osteomalacia . EO vegetables oil moscolas weakness a FN _/ ALL Re Feoganitg o, RRL's 5 Green leafy Trcreasesl \o)o00, paeiayes cloBing dine. Hormones “Ts bioloricad polymers tombds ugh are secreaten b endocstra sland in” animal bed. dlivectty in blood Stream ave Called hoxmones foneHons t- | . UD Helps i balan % biological cfnchions « eg + Insutin helbs +o maintain fieese Jeven “mm body , epinephory bel im extemal “'sHrmuli. Growth hosmones responsive us ‘ LID Hormones seleased by Jonads ave Vesponsible dor secondo Bewenk when apesSHEA SC wr» WY ~ © ° —LM PORTANT Quest. ns + Shieh Type % Linkage present jn proteins ? Name +r disease Caused by deficiency Qo: Bn KD. whol clo you aay tg Deratraton Q proreing > Deesibe 1° and 8° shuclwxe 9 proteins , eshad are essenial € Nlon-essenhal amion atials cowie tho Shocwwol alifference Yo DNS £RWA. hat FS meant by wedvei sugas ? Give tre ame J, Wolex Soluble 4 fat gobble vit \ Define enzymes: How de Hay chftr hom charmical celahgs ) - cowie dhe product Gluense —T23., D Cahuchaed + wovite tho Shuclosol chfference be micleosids fnvledd - Write He Aydholyws prodods 8, ger 4 Sautose - . Woside tha prodock — Glveose + HE —> ? Differentiate Yeo fibwus and globular proteins wohal awe Shave types dh RIDA: (Hist RIB, man, - Nara tre base vnit aShich Is found > Raw ano DUA ondy | Doow pysanose £ foranose shuchve 4 frvetose- , ashok ans polysacchawdles ? Give examples. _ yghal ave tes Componants @ Starch? Crim) > Amylose Cwoder solvble) amylopectin Cudater imsalobiey oe