[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
34 views23 pages

Protein Synthesis

1. Proteins are composed of amino acids and perform important functions in the body like fighting disease, building tissues, and aiding digestion. 2. Protein synthesis involves two main steps - transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is used as a template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then leaves the nucleus. 3. Translation involves mRNA being decoded by ribosomes to produce a protein. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence. The amino acids are joined together to form the polypeptide chain, which is the final protein.

Uploaded by

Shyra Nicole Allarse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views23 pages

Protein Synthesis

1. Proteins are composed of amino acids and perform important functions in the body like fighting disease, building tissues, and aiding digestion. 2. Protein synthesis involves two main steps - transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is used as a template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then leaves the nucleus. 3. Translation involves mRNA being decoded by ribosomes to produce a protein. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence. The amino acids are joined together to form the polypeptide chain, which is the final protein.

Uploaded by

Shyra Nicole Allarse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

The Protein-making Process

Professor Dr. Mushtak T.S.Al-Ouqaili


Protein Synthesis (Gene Expression) Notes
Proteins (Review)
• Proteins make up all living materials
• Proteins are composed of amino acids – there are 20
different amino acids
• Different proteins are made by combining these 20
amino acids in different combinations
• Proteins are manufactured (made) by the ribosomes
•Function of proteins:
1. Help fight disease
2. Build new body tissue
3. Enzymes used for digestion and other chemical
reactions are proteins
(Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction)
4. Component of all cell membranes
MAKING PROTEINS
Step 1: Transcription
The “Central Dogma” of Molecular Genetics

Transcription Translation

DNA RNA Protein Trait

RNA processing
Protein synthesis
Making a Protein—Transcription
• First Step: Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA
called Transcription
Why? DNA has the genetic code for the protein that needs to be
made, but proteins are made by the ribosomes—ribosomes are
outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus (double stranded), but RNA
can leave the nucleus (single stranded).
• Part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a
template to assemble complementary nucleotides
into messenger RNA (mRNA).
• mRNA then goes through the pores of the nucleus with
the DNA code and attaches to the ribosome.
MAKING PROTEINS
Step 2: Translation
Making a Protein—Translation
• Second Step: Decoding of mRNA into a protein is called
Translation.
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the
cytoplasm to the ribosome.
These amino acids come from the food we eat. Proteins
we eat are broken down into individual amino acids and
then simply rearranged into new proteins according to the
needs and directions of our DNA.
•A series of three adjacent bases
in an mRNA molecule codes for
a specific amino acid—called a
codon.

•Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides Amino acid


that are complementary to the
codon in mRNA.

•Each tRNA codes for a different


amino acid.
Anticodon
• mRNA carrying the DNA instructions and tRNA carrying
amino acids meet in the ribosomes.
• Amino acids are joined together to make a protein.

Polypeptide = Protein
Use one of the codon charts on the next page to find the amino acid
sequence coded for by the following mRNA strands.

CAC/CCA/UGG/UGA

___________/___________/___________/____________

AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA

___________/___________/___________/____________
AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA

Methionine Asparagine Aspartic Acid Stop


___________/___________/___________/____________
Protein
Synthesis
Protein synthesis in motion
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

You might also like