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Lab Sheet 9

This document describes an exercise to create a C project to maintain a catalog of books in a library using structures. It provides incomplete code organized across 5 files - book_def.h, book_fun.c, books_catalog.h, books_catalog.c, and main_library.c. The student must implement functions declared in book_fun.c and books_catalog.c as per the specifications. They must also create a myScript.sh file to compile and execute the files, removing previously compiled objects and executables. Header guards using #ifndef are used to avoid multiple inclusion errors when headers are included across multiple files.

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36 views2 pages

Lab Sheet 9

This document describes an exercise to create a C project to maintain a catalog of books in a library using structures. It provides incomplete code organized across 5 files - book_def.h, book_fun.c, books_catalog.h, books_catalog.c, and main_library.c. The student must implement functions declared in book_fun.c and books_catalog.c as per the specifications. They must also create a myScript.sh file to compile and execute the files, removing previously compiled objects and executables. Header guards using #ifndef are used to avoid multiple inclusion errors when headers are included across multiple files.

Uploaded by

f20221673
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI (RAJ.

)
CS F111 Computer Programming
LAB SESSION #9
(Structures in C)

Exercise - Structures in C:

Now having learned about multi-file compilation and creation of a C project, let us now create
a C project related to structures in C. Consider a library. Every book (say) is associated with
the following fields: ID (integer), shelfNum (integer), price (float). We want to maintain a
catalog of books (with the above fields) that are there in the library. We have to use structures
for this. Please refer to the link- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X_aDHvBj9VgXlx-qZY2ANu-
pxqjsFm0N/view?usp=sharing for the incomplete code implemented in a modular way. It has
5 files in it: “book_def.h”, “book_fun.c”, “books_catalog.c”, “books_catalog.h”,
“main_library.c”. The structure definitions that are related to defining a book are present in
“book_def.h”. It also has a few functions which you should implement in “book_fun.c” as per
the specifications given in “book_def.h”. Similarly, “books_catalog.h” defines a global array
booksCatalog of the type struct book (typdefed as BOOK) in order to store books. MAX_SIZE
has been used to give a maximum size to that array. The variable count is used to keep a
track of number of books present in the booksCatalog array. Remember how we added and
deleted objects from an array by keeping a max size array in the lecture hours. You should
use that concept over here to implement this. There are some functions declared in
“books_catalog.h”, which you should define in “books_catalog.c”. The main() function is
implemented in “main_library.c”. This file is complete and you don’t have to make any
changes to it.

What you will have to do:


• Implement all functions in “book_fun.c” and “books_catalog.h” as per the
specifications given in header file along with the function declaration.
• Create a “myScript.sh” file that compiles and executes the above files. Remember to
include commands to remove previously compiled “.o” file and the executable.
• Notice that the variable count has been declared in “book_catalog.h”. However no
value has been assigned to it in that file. The main() function in “main_library.c”
assigns a value to it when the program starts. This is a good practice to avoid run-time
errors. It is a good practice to always assign values to global variables within some
functions and not in the global space of the “.c” file or inside a header file. You should
only declare them in the global space or the header file and not assign a value to them.
• Carefully see and study the file inclusions used. Wherever (in any “.c” file) we want to
use a global variable or define a function that is present in a given header file, we
should include the header file in our “.c” file. A header file can be included in multiple
“.c” files. Just like “book_def.h” has been included in “book_fun.c”,
“book_catalog.h”, and “main_library.c”.
• Please notice that there are certain guards placed in every .h file using #ifndef. This is
essentially used to solve the error that comes by multiple inclusions of a single header
file. For example, the header file “book_def.h” is included in “book_fun.c”,
“book_catalog.h” and “main_library.c”. If you try to compile the entire project without
these guards, you may end up getting a compilation error. These guards prevent such
errors by making sure that the compiler processes each header file only once. The
standard way of using these guards is illustrated by the following example and syntax:
// myheader.h

#ifndef HEADER_FILE
#define HEADER_FILE

// the entire header file file

#endif

The word HEADER_FILE is just a label given to our current “myheader.h” which is
the actual “.h” file. The above construct is commonly known as a wrapper #ifndef. It
means: “if not defined”. It says that if the label HEADER_FILE is not defined (i.e. if
we have not yet compiled any “.c” file that has included “myheader.h” in it), then
define it (compile it) now. If the label HEADER_FILE has already been defined (by
compilation of some other “.c” file that includes “myheader.h”), then don’t define it
again. In this way each “.h” file is processed by the compiler only once and prevents
possible compile time error. It is left as an exercise for you try the following:
o Remove all the guards and then compile the entire project. You should
encounter a compile time error.

Additional Practice Exercises

Q1. In this exercise, you need to model a marks database for storing various students’ marks
and then perform various operations on them. You need to write a struct student in order
to implement this. Every student record has a ID(integer), Name(char array – you can assume
each name is at max of 25 characters), Marks(integer array) and Avg(float). The Marks array
is an array of 5 integers which denote the marks obtained by a student in 5 different courses.
Your program should ask the user for the number of students, followed by their ID, name and
marks in the 5 courses. Then your program should calculate the average for each student and
store them in each student record. Finally display all the information for all the students.
You are expected to write a proper modularised code with separate functions for each task.
Feel free to use multiple files to structure your code efficiently.

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