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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

The document discusses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which uses dynamic mapping to find a node's physical address given its IP address. It describes ARP operation where a node broadcasts an ARP request packet to resolve an IP address into a physical address. The target node then returns a unicast ARP reply packet with its physical address. It also discusses ARP packet format, encapsulation, examples of ARP request and reply packets, and cases where ARP is used. Proxy ARP is described which allows nodes to reach remote subnets without routing by having a router respond to ARP requests on behalf of those remote nodes. The document outlines the components involved in ARP including input/output modules and a cache-control module that manages ARP cache entries.

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Yara Tarkhan
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48 views17 pages

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

The document discusses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which uses dynamic mapping to find a node's physical address given its IP address. It describes ARP operation where a node broadcasts an ARP request packet to resolve an IP address into a physical address. The target node then returns a unicast ARP reply packet with its physical address. It also discusses ARP packet format, encapsulation, examples of ARP request and reply packets, and cases where ARP is used. Proxy ARP is described which allows nodes to reach remote subnets without routing by having a router respond to ARP requests on behalf of those remote nodes. The document outlines the components involved in ARP including input/output modules and a cache-control module that manages ARP cache entries.

Uploaded by

Yara Tarkhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Address Resolution Protocol

(ARP)

Chapter 8
Address Mapping

 Static Mapping
 Involves list of logical and physical addresses
 Maintenance of list requires high overhead
 Dynamic Mapping
 Finds physical address given logical address
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

2
Position of ARP in TCP/IP Protocol Suite

3
ARP Operation

LAN

System A System B

Request

Looking for physical address of a


node with IP address 141.23.56.23

a. ARP request is broadcast


multicast

LAN

System A System B

Reply

The node physical address


is A4:6E:F4:59:83:AB

b. ARP reply is unicast

4
ARP Packet

5
Encapsulation of ARP Packet

Type: 0x0806

Preamble Destination Source


Type Data CRC
and SFD address address
8 bytes 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes

6
Example of ARP Request and Reply

7
Four Cases using ARP

8
Proxy ARP (RFC 1027)

 Proxy ARP can help machines on a subnet reach remote


subnets without the need to configure routing or a
default gateway
*Cisco: Document ID:13718

Added subnetwork
The proxy ARP router replies 141.23.56.21 141.23.56.22 141.23.56.23
to any ARP request received
for destinations 141.23.56.21,
141.23.56.22, and 141.23.56.23.

Request

Proxy ARP
Router or host router

9
Proxy ARP: Example

Host A on
Subnet A needs
to send packets
to Host D on
Subnet B

*Cisco: Document ID:13718 10


Proxy ARP: Example

 Host A broadcasts an ARP request on Subnet A:


Sender's MAC Address Sender's IP Address Target MAC Address Target IP Address

00-00-0c-94-36-aa 172.16.10.100 00-00-00-00-00-00 172.16.20.200

 Proxy ARP reply that the router sends to Host A:


Sender's MAC Address Sender's IP Address Target MAC Address Target IP Address

00-00-0c-94-36-ab 172.16.20.200 00-00-0c-94-36-aa 172.16.10.100

 ARP cache of Host A:


IP Address MAC Address

172.16.20.200 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
172.16.20.100 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
172.16.10.99 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
172.16.10.200 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
*Cisco: Document ID:13718 11
ARP Cache Table

 Most recent address mappings are kept in


cache table
 Mappings in cache table have time-to-live and
updated periodically

12
ARP Cache Table

13
ARP Components

14
Output Module

 Receive IP packet from IP layer


 Check cache table for IP destination addr.
 RESOLVED
 Send packet to data link layer
 PENDING
 Enqueue packet to corresponding queue
 No entry
 Create entry  PENDING & set Attempt to 1
 Create queue and enqueue packet
 Send ARP request
15
Input Module

 Receive ARP packet (request or reply)


 Check cache table for corresponding entry
 PENDING
 Update entry  RESOLVED & set Time-out
 Dequeue IP packets and send to data link layer
 RESOLVED
 Update entry & reset Time-out
 No entry
 Create entry  RESOLVED & set Time-out
 If ARP request, send ARP reply
16
Cache-Control Module

 Periodically check cache table entries


 FREE
 Continue to next entry
 PENDING
 Increment Attempt by 1
 Attempt > Max  FREE
 Attempt < Max  send ARP request
 RESOLVED
 Decrement Time-out
 Time-out  0  FREE
17

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