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OSSC CGL MAINS

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 2022-23
GENERAL STUDIES

SOLUTION
Full Marks: 100 Time: 2 ½ HOURS

INDIAN CONSTITUTION (20 MARKS)

1.List four important feature of Indian Constitution, which give more power to Union than the State.
(50 words or less)

(4 marks)

SI NO Important Features

1 No Territorial Integrity with States:-

The Parliament can by unilateral action change the area, boundaries or name of any state.

2 Emergency Provisions:-
During an emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the
total control of the Centre.
It converts the federal structure into a unitary one without a formal amendment of the
Constitution.

3 Appointment of Governor:-
The governor is the head of the state, but is appointed by the President. He holds office during
the pleasure of the President.
He also acts as an agent of the Centre.

4 Single Citizenship
There is no state citizenship. Every Indian has the same rights of citizenship, no matter in which
state he resides.

2. Right to equality in Indian Constitution is enumerated in Article 14 to 18. Provide the gist of these
article in 50 words or less. (4 marks)

Article No Gist

14 Describes that the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal
protection of the laws within the territory of India, on grounds of religion, race, caste,
sex, or place of birth.
 15 It denotes that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of
religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.

16 It says there should be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to
employment or appointment to any office under the State.

17 Deals with the abolition of untouchability.

18 It is about the abolition of all titles except military and academic.

3. List any four writs that a Court can issue under Article 32 of the Constitution (Right to
Constitutional remedies) (2 marks)

SI NO Name of Writ

1 Habeas corpus

2 Mandamus

3 Prohibition

4 Quo warranto

4. A few subjects in various lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the
Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.

(4 marks)

SI NO Subjects Type of list (Union list/State list/Concurrent list)

a) Defence Union List

b) Police State List

c) State List
Agriculture
d) Concurrent List
Education
e) Union List
Banking
f) Forests Concurrent List

g) Communications Union List

h) Marriages Concurrent List

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5.Read the following statements: Match them with different jurisdictions the Supreme Court can
exercise-Original Appellate, and Advisory. (1.5 marks)

SI NO Situation Jurisdiction Of Supreme Court (Original /

Appellate/Advisory)
a) The Government wanted to know if it can Advisory
pass a law about the citizenship status of
residents of Pakistan-occupied areas of
Jammu and Kashmir.

b) In order to resolve the dispute about river Original

Cauvery the government of Tamil Nadu
wants to approach the court.

c) Court rejected the appeal by people against Appellate

the eviction from the dam site.

6. Different stages of passing of a bill into a law has been mentioned below. But they are not in their
correct sequence. Mention the correct sequence number against the stage. (1st , 2nd , 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th,
7th, 8th) (2 marks)

Stages Sequence number

nd
A resolution is passed to admit the bill for discussion. 2

The bill is referred to the President of India 8th

The bill is referred to other House and is passed 7th

The bill is passed in the house in which it was proposed. 6th

The bill is read clause by clause and each is voted upon. 5th

The bill is referred to the subcommittee - the committee makes some 4th
changes and sends it back to the house for discussion.

The concerned minister proposes the need for a bill

1st

Legislative department in ministry of law, drafts a bill. 3rd

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7. Mention the ARTICLE Of the Constitution which deals with the following subjects.

(2.5 marks)

SI NO Subjects Article of the Constitution

a) Procedure for amendment of A-368

Constitution
b) Freedom of Trade, Commerce A-301
and Intercourse

c) Abolition of untouchability A-17

d) Fundamental Duties A-51(A)

e) Right to Property A-300(A)

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INDIAN ECONOMY, INDIAN AND WORLD GEOGRAPHY (36 MARKS)
8. Answer the following questions in one or two words. (5.5 marks)

SI NO Question Answer

i. Which state has the highest density of population in Bihar

India according to 2011 Census?

ii. Which state has the highest proportion of urban Tamil Nadu
population in India according to 2011 Census?

iii. Which one is the largest linguistic group of India as Indo-Aryan

per 2011 census?

iv. Which continent had the highest growth rate of Africa

population during 2015-2020?
v. Sex ratio is number of females born per thousand Odisha: 979/1000
male born. What is the sex ratio of Odisha according
to 2011 Census? What is the sex ratio Of India India: 940/1000
according to 2011 Census?

vi. Name Indian state with highest sex ratio and State State: Kerala
mention its sex ratio as per 2011 Census.
Sex ratio: 1084

vii. Countries can be classified in four groups on basis of India: Medium

human development scores. Very high, High,
Medium, Low. Norway: Very High
Where do India and Norway fit in such groups ?

viii. Which scholar introduced concept of Human Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq

Development?

9. Name any four new policy initiatives/missions in the crop sector started by the Government of
Odisha. (2 marks)

SI NO Name of policy initiatives/missions in the crop sector

1 Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation (KALIA)

Scheme

2 Bhoomihina Agriculturist Loan and Resources Augmentation Model

(BALARAM) Scheme

3 Mukhyamantri Krushi UdyogYojana (MKUY)

4 Crop Diversification

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10. What is the contribution of agriculture sector, industry sector and services sector ( in percentage
terms ) in Odisha GSVA in 2022-23? (1.5 marks)

Sector Contribution (In percentage terms) in Odisha GSVA in

2022-23
Agriculture 22.5%

Industry 41.3%

Services 36.2%

11. What was the male and female literacy rate of urban population and rural population in Odisha in
2020-21 ? (2 marks)

Area wise population Male literacy (in%) Female literacy(in %)

Urban Population 90.7 80.4

Rural Population 79.6 60.7

12. As per Livestock Census of 2019, what percentage of India's livestock population lives in Odisha ?

(1 Mark)

According to the 19th Livestock Census Odisha constitutes 6.09 percent of the total cattle population in the
country.

13. What was the share of Odisha in mineral production of following minerals in 2021-22?

(2 Marks)

Mineral Share of Odisha in mineral production (In percentage)

Chromite 100%

Bauxite 73%

Iron ore 53%

Coal 24%

14. What is the rice production of Odisha in 2021-22 Metric Tons? (1 mark)
9291000

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15. Which is the largest export from Odisha in value terms? (1 mark)

Minerals and Metals stood as the topmost exporting sector from the State in terms of value, followed by
marine products and chemical products.

16. Do a critical assessment of poverty alleviation programs of Government. (130 words or less)

(4 Marks)

A group of economic and humanitarian actions made to end poverty in a nation is referred to as poverty
alleviation.

Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India seek to lower the rate of poverty in the nation by giving
households and families living below the poverty line proper access to food, financial assistance, and
basic necessities.

Numerous initiatives and programmes have been created by the Indian government with the goal of
alleviating poverty and supplying disadvantaged households with the needs of life.

Some of them are - The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP),

Jawahar Rozgar Yojana/Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JRY),
National Old Age Pension Scheme, The National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM), National Food
Security Act (NFSA) etc.

In India, a large portion of the population continues to live below the poverty line. Rapid economic
growth and the use of technology for social sector programmes have contributed to a significant reduction
in the country’s extreme poverty. Despite rapid growth and development, an unacceptably large proportion
of our population remains impoverished on multiple fronts. To eradicate poverty in India, a more
comprehensive and inclusive approach is required.

Way Forward:
Positive implementation of any program is not possible without the active participation of the poor
Poverty can effectively be eliminated when the poor actively contribute to growth by their active
involvement in the growth process
Involvement can be ensured by social mobilization, empowering needy individuals to take part and get
them enabled. This will likewise assist with setting out openwork doors which might prompt an expansion
in degrees of pay, expertise development, wellbeing, and proficiency
By distinguishing the destitution-stricken regions, it is important to give frameworks like schools, streets,
power, telecom, IT administrations, preparing foundations, and so on in such regions.

17. How is Human Development Index calculated? What is the position of India in World Human
Development Index? (130 words or less)

(4 marks)

Human Development Index (HDI) is calculated on the basis of three dimensions that is:

(1) Life Expectancy Index (LEI) (Average Age): This is for determining health and longevity, at the time
of birth of an infant predicting for
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 that for how many years will the infant survive is known as life expectancy. Highest 83.6 years and lowest
20 years have been set. As per Human Development report, life expectancy in 2015 was 68 years.

(2) Education Index (EI) : Its two sub-directions are as follows :

(i) Mean Years of Schooling (MYS): It is the years spent in the school by an adult till the age of 25, for
which highest 13.3 Years and lowest zero years has been decided. So according to human development
report 2015, average of schooling in India is 5.4 Years.
(ii) Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) : Approximate years that a child of 5 years
will spend in school. For this, highest 18 Years and lowest zero years has been decided. Average years of
schooling index is 11.7 Years.

3) Income Index (life style) : For determining subsistence, Gross Domestic Product, per capita GDP is
replaced by Gross National Income. per capita GNI. According to human development report 2015, per
capita gross national income was $ 5497 while per capita gross domestic product was $ 5238. For
calculating per capita income any of the nation's income is calculated on the basis of currency of United
States, which is known as purchasing power parity. Before 2010, HDI had been calculated on the basis of
average age (health), knowledge and living standard (per capital income).

In accordance with the Human Development Report 2021-22, the rank of India is 132nd, among 191
countries.

18. What are the main reasons for migration of labour from Odisha? What are the pull and push
factors? (130 words or less)
(4 marks)

The main reasons for migration of labour from Odisha:-

A host of factors such as fluctuating agricultural production, extreme poverty, low level of literacy and
recurrent natural disasters result in distress migration from several regions of the state.

The pull and push

factors :-

Labour migration is a form of labour movement to industry and employment growing areas. Migration is
nothing but the movement of people from less-endowed area to well-endowed area with the push factor
poverty and lack of wage at the native place and the pull factor more wage at the destination.

Push factors are conditions that can force people to leave their homes and are related to the country
from which a person migrates. Push factors include non-availability of enough livelihood
opportunities, poverty, rapid population growth that surpasses available resources ,"Primitive" or
“poor” living conditions, desertification, famines/droughts, fear of political persecution, poor
healthcare, loss of wealth, and natural disasters.

Pull factors are exactly the opposite of push factors—they attract people to a certain location. Typical
examples of pull factors of a place are more job opportunities and better living conditions; easy
availability of land for settling and agriculture, political and/or religious freedom, superior education
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 and welfare systems, better transportation and communication facilities, better healthcare system and
stress-free environment attractive, and security.

19. Describe the meaning of public health? Discuss major public health measures undertaken by
Odisha Government in recent years. (130 words or less) (4 marks)

Definition of Public health:- Public health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and
promoting physical and mental health, sanitation, personal hygiene, control of infectious diseases, and
organization of health services.

Major public health measures undertaken by

Odisha Government in recent years:-

In recent years, the government has built up vast health. infrastructure equipped with trained manpower at
different levels.

Major public health measures undertaken by

Odisha Government in recent years:-

In recent years, there have been a number of additional statewide initiatives to enhance the reach and
quality of health care to improve the health of people. These include the multi disease surveillance system;
several measures towards streamlining drug procurement, distribution and rational use of drugs; total risk
coverage for five major communicable diseases through the Panchabyadhi Chikitsa Scheme; the Infant
Mortality Rate Reduction Mission; mandatory prepost graduate placement of doctors to serve in difficult
areas; establishment of district cadres for paramedical staff, among others.

It is a matter of pride that in several of these areas Odisha has been a pioneer and positive results are seen.
District level initiatives have piloted important components of primary health care such as community
participation, improved mobility assistance for field staff, support to training and health education
systems, maintenance of built assets and equipment, use of low cost construction for primary health
centres and sub-centres. All these have led to improved capacity and confidence of health service
providers and improved health care.

20. Discuss reforms initiated by Government recently to meet energy crisis in India. (130 words or
less) (4 marks)

The following reforms have been Initiated by the government to meet the energy crises:

(i) Privatisation in Power Generation - Power generation sector has been opened up for the private sector.
and the government monopoly in the generation and distribution of electricity has been eliminated to gain
competitive efficiency.

(ii) Privatisation in Power Transmission and Distribution - The Indian Government has approved private
companies like Tata Power and Reliance Energy along with Power Grid Corporation of India for
constructing transmission networks and to look after distribution of power supply in certain states.

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 (iii) Regulatory Mechanism - The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) along with State
Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) has been established in 19 states under the Electricity
Regulatory Commission Act, 1998 to regulate tariff and to promote efficiency and competition.

iv) Creating Awareness - Government is trying to create awareness among the public towards the
conservation of energy. Various programmes like National Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP) that
aimed at conservation of petroleum products, have been initiated. Use of non-conventional sources of
energy like solar energy is being popularised.

HISTORY OF INDIA, HISTORY OF ODISHA (24 MARKS)

21.Answer following questions in one or two words? (8 marks)

SI NO Question Answer
i. Which cave inscription mentions the work of kind Hathigumpha
Kharavela?

ii. Who was the founder of Satyabadi Bana Vidyalaya ? Gopabandhu Das

iii. Who found Utkal Young Women's Association in 1903 ? Madhusudan Das

iv. Who led Ghumusar Rebellion of 1835? Kamal Lochan Dora Bisoi,
Chakra Bisoi

v. In which district of Odisha was Mahalwari System Sambalpur

introduced first?
vi. Which inscriptions in Odisha throw light on Dhauli & Jaugada
administration of Ashoka?
vii. Mention two prominent leaders of Utkal Congress Biju Patnaik, Rabi Ray
Socialist Party.
viii. Ibn Battuta visited India during 14th Century and left a Morocco
rich account of his visit. Which country did he belong to ?

ix. Salt Satyagraha in Odisha was first launched at which Inchudi, Balasore
place in Balasore district?

x. At which place was Alka Ashram established? Jagatsinghpur (Earlier Cuttack)

xi. Which princely state was first Garjat State to merge in Nilgiri
Odisha?

xii. When was Utkal Union Conference (Utkal Sammilani) 1903

found?

xiii. Where is the Bajirao Chatravas located? BAJI ROUT CHHATRABAS -

ANUGUL

xiv. What is the title of Autobiography of Freedom Fiighter JEEVANPATHE

Rama Devi?

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 xv. Which princely state was last Garjat state to merge in Mayurbhanj
Odisha?

xvi. Who fought Third Battle of Panipat, on two sides? Maratha Empire and the Durrani
Empire of Afghanistan

22. List three types of temple architectures Style in Odisha. (1.5 marks)

SI NO Temple Architectures Style in Odisha

1 Rekha Deula

2 Pidha Deula

3 Khakra Deula

23. Name the three Chief Ministers (Then called premier/prime Minister) of Odisha during 1936-1947.

(1.5 marks)

SI NO Name of the Chief Ministers

1 Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo

2 Biswanath Das

3 Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab

24. Mention the correct chronological number against the given events. (1 marks)

Events Chronological Sequence Number ( 1st/2nd/3rd/4th )

Cabinet Mission 4th

Cripps Mission 3rd

Montague-Chelmsford Reforms 2nd

Morley – Minto Reforms 1st

25. In what way did Mahatma Gandhi transform the nature of freedom struggle. (130 words or less)

( 4 marks)

Mahatma Gandhi changed the nature of freedom movement and this can be elaborated by the following
points:

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 (i) When Gandhiji joined Indian politics, the freedom movement was limited to the middle class.
Everybody who participated in the political movements was educated and product of the English
education.

(ii) Gandhiji made it all pervasive. Now people from villages, poor people, labours, workers, and students
all became part of the freedom struggle. However, there are people who find fault with the act of Gandhiji.

(iii) They point out that Mahatma Gandhi used religious symbols to popularise the freedom movement
that in long term gave fillip to communal politics. It is notable that the Age of Gandhi is also the age of
the Rise of Muslim League in Indian politics.

(iv) Mahatma Gandhi has to be credited with emancipation of women and their participation in the public
life at a scale not known in Indian history. Women were very prominent in picketing activities against
shops selling foreign goods.

(vi) The freedom movement gave some prominent women leaders viz. Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit
Kaur and many more.

(vii) For Mahatma Gandhi freedom movement was also a platform for social reforms. He spoke in favour
of place of dignity and respects for depressed classes.

(viii) He made end to untouchability a fundamental objective of his political philosophy.

Thus, Mahatma Gandhi made freedom movement a mass movement and a movement much beyond
politics.

26. Write a short note on any one of the following temples :

a) The Jagannath Temple at Puri

b) Lingaraj Temple

c) Sun Temple at Konark

Your note should include (a) Years of construction (b) Main architectural features (c) Details of
sculpture if any (not more than 130 words)
Or

Write a short note on events leading to formation of Odisha as a state on 01.01.1936 (130 words or
less) : (4 marks)

a) The Jaganath Temple at Puri:

The Jagannath Temple at Puri is one of the most revered Vaishnava sites of worship in India. One of the
oldest Hindu temples to still be in use, its main shrine was built by Anantavarman of the Chodaganga
dynasty.

The Jagannath temple located in Puri, Odisha is a sacred temple devoted to Lord Jagannath along with his
brother Lord Balabhadra and sister Devi Subhadra.

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It was constructed by a famous king of Ganga Dynasty Ananta Varman Chodaganga Deva dating back to
12th century.
It is known as the “White Pagoda” and one of the four pilgrimage sites of Char Dham Pilgrimage.

It is an outstanding example of Kalinga architecture, featuring distinctive curvilinear towers, intricate

carvings, and ornate sculptures.
It is enclosed by a high wall with four gates, each facing a cardinal direction.
It is also called as ‘Yamanika Tirtha’ where, according to the Hindu beliefs, the power of ‘Yama’, the god
of death, has been nullified in Puri due to the presence of Lord Jagannath.
Associated Major Festivals: Snana Yatra, Netrotsava, Rath Yatra, Sayan Ekadasi.

b) Lingaraja Temple:-

Lingaraj Temple, built in 11th century AD, is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is considered as the largest
temple of the city Bhubaneswar (Odisha).

It is believed to have been built by the Somvanshi King Yayati I.

It is built in red stone and is a classic example of Kalinga style of architecture.

The temple is divided into four sections - Garbha Griha (sanctum sanctorum), Yajna Shala (the hall for
prayers), Bhoga Mandap (the hall of offering) and Natya Shala (hall of dance).

The sprawling temple complex has one hundred and fifty subsidiary shrines.
Lingaraj is referred to as ‘Swayambhu' – self-originated Shivling.

Another important aspect of the temple is that it signifies the syncretisation of Shaivism and Vaishnavism
sects in Odisha.

The temple is out of bounds for non-Hindus.

The other attraction of the temple is the Bindusagar Lake, located in the north side of the temple.
On the western banks of Bindusagar, lies the garden of Ekamra Van named after the Hindu mythological
texts where Bhubaneswar the capital city of Odisha was referred as Ekamra Van or a forest of a single
mango tree.

c) Konark Sun Temple:-

Konark was built by King Narasimhadeva I of the Ganga Dynasty (1238-1264AD) in the 13th century and
is located in Eastern Odisha near the sacred city of Puri.

The temple is designed in the shape of a colossal chariot. It is dedicated to the sun God.

There are two rows of 12 wheels on each side of the Konark sun temple.

The seven horses are said to symbolize the seven days of the week.

The temple was used as a navigational point by European sailors. They referred to it as the ‘Black Pagoda’
due to its dark colour and its magnetic power that drew ships into the shore and caused shipwrecks.

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 It is the culmination of Odisha temple architecture.

It was declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984.

OR
Events to be noted:
• Sambalpur’s incorporation into the Odisha division
• Bihar-Odisha Province Establishment
• Role of Utkal Sammilani
• The 1917 Reforms
• Sachchidanand Sinha’s 1920 Resolution
• The 1924 Philip-Duff Committee
• Simon Commission’s Recommendation
• O’ Donnel Boundary Commission for the establishment of a separate province
• Sir John Austin Hubback’s Administrative Committee

27.Write a short note on causes and consequence of Paik Bidroh.(130 words or less)

Or
Write a short note on major tribal uprisings against British in Odisha. (130 words ) (4 marks)

The Paika Rebellion is one of the earliest Indian armed movements to gain independence.

The Paika Rebellion also called the Paika Bidroha was an armed rebellion against East India
Company’s rule in India in 1817.

The Paikas rose in rebellion under their leader Bakshi Jagabandhu and, projecting Lord Jagannath as
the symbol of Odia unity, the rebellion quickly spread across most of Odisha before being put down
by the Company’s forces.

Causes:-

The origins of the Paika Rebellion lay in several social, economic, and political causes.

1. The East India Company closed Odisha’s four trading ports to protect their trade interests which
isolated the local population.

2. The educated and wealthy local administrators and the Paikas were alienated by the East India
Company administration, who took over the hereditary rent-free lands from them after the conquest
of Khurda.

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3. The Paikas were also subjected to extortion by the Company administration and its servants. The
extortionist land revenue policy of the Company affected the peasants and the zamindars alike.

4. The rise in prices of salt due to taxes imposed on it by the Company administration troubled the
common people.

5. The East India Company also abolished the system of cowrie currency that had existed in Odisha
before its conquest and enforced tax payment in silver.

Consequences:-

The rebels were imprisoned for life or given death sentences by the British administration. The
British also appointed a commission to look into the rebellion.
There were several smaller uprisings post the Paika rebellion, but all these were suppressed by the
English.
The revenue and taxation system did not change after the rebellion, hence the rebellion failed to have
any effect in bringing change.

OR
Tribal Resistance Movement was an integral part of Freedom movement of Odisha. In this historic
struggle, the heroic role played by some distinguished tribal leaders like Laxman Naik of Koraput,
Ratan Naik of Keonjhar, Dora Bisoyee and Chakra Bisoyee of Ghumsur and Veer Surendra Sai of
Sambalpur.

Tribal movements of Orissa:-

The 19th century saw a number of tribal uprising against British ule, i.e oppressive revenue system,
high rent, threat to tribal traditions, massive Christian missionary activities in tribal areas etc. in India
& Odisha.

They gathered the courage against such exploitations in the form of rebellion and movements such as
the Ghumsar rising (1834–1856) under the leadership of Dara Bisoi, Bhuinya rising (1868 and 1890)
under Ratna Naik, Sambalpur revolt (1827 and 1864), Nayagarh uprising (1849–1852), the Kandha
uprising of Kalahandi (1882) under Chakra Bisoi, Gangapur uprising (1895).

Weakness of these Uprisings:

The tribal uprisings were massive in totality but were localised and isolated.
They were the result of the local problems and grievances.
The uprising lacked a strong leadership as they were semi-feudal in character, backwards-looking,
and traditional in outlook and their resistance represented no societal alternative.

On the whole, however, these rebellions were able to establish valuable traditions of local resistance
to authoritarianism.

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 GENERAL ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE (20 MARKS)
28. Classify the following into renewable and non-renewable resources. (3 marks )

SI NO SOURES Type (Renewable/ Non-Renewable)

i. Trees Renewable

ii. Fish Renewable

iii. Petroleum Non-renewable

iv. Coal Non-renewable

v. Iron-ore Non-renewable

vi. Water Renewable

29. Name any six out of Eight National Missions created by Government of India to take forward
India’s National Action plan on Climate change . (3 marks)

SI NO Name of the Misson

i. National Solar Mission

ii. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

iii. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

iv. National Water Mission

v. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system

vi. National Mission for a Green India

30. Write the full form of the following abbreviations. (2 marks)

SI NO Abbreviations Full form

i. UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

ii. IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

iii. COP-27 Twenty-seventh session of the Conference of the Parties

iv. ISA International Solar Alliance

31. What IS has been India’s contribution in percentage terms in cumulative global emissions for the
period 12850-2019. (1 Marks)
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India with more than 17% of the global population has contributed only about 4% of the global cumulative
greenhouse gas emissions between 1850 and 2019.

32. Mention the target year as per India's Nationally Determined Contribution (Updated August-
2022) for the following parameters. (3 marks)

SI NO parameters Target Year

i. Pledge Net Zero year 2070

ii. 40% of installed Electric Capacity from 2030

non-fossil fuels by year

33. Name four minerals critical for producing electric vehicles and batteries and harnessing solar
power and wind energy. (2 marks)

SI NO Name of the Minerals

i. Lithium
ii. Nickel
iii. Cobalt
iv. Manganese

34.Fill in the blank. (6 marks)

(a) Ozone depletion refers to the phenomenon of reductions in the amount of ozone in the__Upper___
layer of the atmosphere.

(b) Since the Owns layer prevents most harmful wavelengths Of ultraviolet light from passing through
the Earth's atmosphere, observed and projected decreases in ozone have generated worldwide concern.
This led to the adoption of____Montreal Protocol_____ in the year 1987, banning the use of
chlorofluorocarbon (GFG) compounds, 0s well as other ozone depleting chemical such as carbon
tetrachloride, trichloroethane (also known as methyl chloroform), and bromine compounds known as
halons.
(c) Global warming is a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth's lower atmosphere as
a result of the increase in greenhouse gases since the Industrial Revolution. Much of the recent observed
and projected global warming is human-induced. It is caused by man-made increases in carbon dioxide
and other____greenhouse gases ___ through the burning of ______fossil fuels______ and deforestation.

(d) Government approved National _______green_________ Hydrogen Mission on January 4, 2023.

(e) In keeping with ambition to reduce carbon intensity of economy, Union Budget 2022-23 announced
issue of sovereign ______Green___________ Bonds.

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