Pac kage of Pr

ack actices ffor

Practices or
Organic Pr
Org oduction of Cr
Production ops
Crops
and Cropping Sy
Cropping stems
Systems

ICAR-Netw or
ICAR-Networ k Pr
ork oject Or
Project ganic F
Org arming
Farming

ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Sy

Farming stems R
Systems esear
Resear ch
esearc
Modipuram, Meerut - 250 110 (UP)
Phone: 0121-2888548; E-mail: dir ectoriifsr@y
directoriifsr@y ahoo
ectoriifsr@yahoo .com
ahoo.com
www .iifsr
www.iifsr .r
.iifsr.r es
.res .in
es.in
 Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

HIMACHAL PRADESH
Suggested cropping systems (based on testing under NPOF)

1. Maize-Garlic

2. Cauliflower-Pea-Tomato

3. Coriander-Pea-Tomato

Details of crops in cropping systems

Maize (Kharif)

Particulars Kharif

Crop Maize
Fortnight of sowing/planting June
Fortnight of harvesting October
Varieties suitable for organic farming Girija

Important features of suitable varieties

Parameters Girija

Duration (days) 115

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 4603
Source (s) of availability CSK HPKV, Palampur
Suitable regions/districts in the state Kullu, Mandi, Chamba
Specific tolerance to drought/water logging Yes

Field preparation: Irrigate the field and then plough disc harrow and thereafter plough with
power tiller twice and thereafter follow planking to maintain proper moisture in the field.
Prepare plain beds and keep trenches in between and around the field for water drainage.

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) (Not 20-25

applicable for nursery crops)

Spacing (Row × plant) in cm 60 × 20

Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha

manures including soil FYM 16 t

application of bio-fertilizers, VC 12 t

bio-control agents etc Rock phosphate 60 kg

Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/

manures planting or stage of
crop

Cow urine 60 L/600 L water/ha 30, 45, 60,90 DAS

Panchagavaya 18 L/600 L water/ha 60,90 DAS

Vermiwash 60 L/600 L water/ha 60,90 DAS

Irrigation practices Number of Most critical stages Depth of irrigation

irrigations for irrigation (cm)

4-5 3-4 leaf stage, 4-5

tasseling, grain
filling etc.

Major weeds Local name Common name Scientific name

Doob grass - Cynadon dactylon

Motha Purple nutsedge Cyperus spefies

Baru Johnson grass Sorghum halepense

Jhanda Water grass Echinochloa

colonum
Weed management Critical stage of Recommended practice for organic condition
weeding
4 leaf stage, 1 Manual
month after first
weeding and
at taselling

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NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Organic material Quantity (kg or

practices disease recommended for litres/ ha)
control
Cut-worms Through cultural 4- 5 flood irrigations
practices like flood and digging trench
irrigation and of size 20 cm deep
formation trenches and 20 cm wide
around the field
Optimum stage of harvesting When the cob covering turns brown and the moisture in cobs is
near 30%

Yield

Parameters 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- Mean
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Economic yield (kg/ha) 3143 2823 3030 3572 3800 5950 6018 5654 7440 4603

Glimpses

Organic maize Organic maize growth stage

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Garlic (Rabi)
Important features of suitable varieties
Parameters GHC-1
Duration (days) 220
Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 8037
Source (s) of availability University
Suitable regions/districts in the state Kullu, Mandi, Solan, Shimla,Kangra
Specific tolerance to drought/water logging Drought resistant

Field preparation: Irrigate the field to field capacity and then plough once with disc harrow
and twice with power tiller and thereafter follow planking to maintain proper moisture in the
field. Plain bed size is kept as land availability.

Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) (Not 500-600

applicable for nursery crops)
Spacing (Row × plant) in cm 20 × 10
Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha
manures including soil FYM 22 t
application of bio-fertilizers, VC 16 t
bio-control agents etc Rock phosphate 100 kg
Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/
manures planting or stage of
crop
Cow urine 60 L/600 L 30, 45, 60,90, 120
water/ha DAS
Panchagavaya 18 L/600 L water/ha 60,90, 120 DAS
Vermiwash 60 L/600 L water/ha 60,90, 120 DAS
Irrigation practices Number of Most critical stages Depth of irrigation
irrigations for irrigation (cm)
5-6 15 DAS, 3 leaf, 4-5
initiation of clove
formation, 30 days
before harvesting
Major weeds Local name Common name Scientific name
Jaldhar Corn Butter Cup Ranunculus arvensis

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NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Poa grass Annual blue grass Poa annua

Maina/Khukhni Bur clover Medicago denticulate
Weed management Critical stage Recommended practice for organic condition
of weeding
3 leaf, clove Manual
formation, 35 days
before harvesting
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Organic material Quantity (kg or
practices disease recommended for litres/ ha)
control
Purple Blotch Cow urine+ 30 L/300 L
Butter milk water/ha+30 L/300 L
water/ha
Stemphylium Trichoderma viride + 0.30 gm/m2 each
blight Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Optimum stage of harvesting When leaf colour changes to yellow and starts drying

Yield

Parameters 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- Mean
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

Economic yield (kg/ha) 6082 4420 4600 9000 9640 9640 8644 10840 9450 6964

Glimpses

Organic garlic Organic Chickpea pod setting stage

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Cauliflower (Kharif)

Particulars Kharif
Crop Cauliflower
Fortnight of sowing/planting August
Fortnight of harvesting October
Varieties suitable for organic farming Hybrid- Swati

Important features of suitable varieties

Parameters Hybrid-Swati

Duration (days) 70
Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 8852
Source (s) of availability Local Market
Suitable regions/districts in the state Kullu and Mandi

Nursery raising practices

Area of nursery required for 1 ha 30m 2
Nursery raising method Raised seed bed
Bed size (length × breadth in m) 3m × 1m
Seed sowing rate/m2 23g
Pre-sowing seed/soil treatment Materials Quantity/kg of Method of
seed or per m2 area application
Nursery bed treatment
Trichoderma virde/ 40 gm/ m2 Drenching/
Trichoderma broadcasting
harzianum
Plastic sheet 22 m2 Soil solarisation
Seed treatment
Trichoderma virde 5 gm/kg of seed Seed coating
Pseudomonas 5 gm/kg of seed
fluorescence
Hot water Seed soaking
Treatment for
black rot

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 Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Source and optimum quantity Materials Quantity/ m2area Method of

of organic manures/other application
nutrient source/m2 of nursery
FYM 5 kg Basal application
VC 2 kg -do-
Irrigation practices Watering can
Weed management Manual
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Recommended Quantity/ m2 area
practices disease organic material
used for control
Blight/leaf spot Trichoderma 0.30 gm/m2 each
virde +
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Black rot Trichoderma 0.30 gm/m2 each
virde +
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Curd rot Trichoderma 0.30 gm/m2 each
virde +
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Optimum age of nursery (days) 38

Field preparation: The field is irrigated and then plough once with disc harrow and thrice
with power tiller to bring soil in to good tilth. The bed size is kept as per convenience.

Cultural practices

Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended Method of

of seed/seedlings rate (kg/ha or lit/ha) application
Seedling treatment
Trichoderma virde 3kg/ha Root dip
Pseudomonas 3kg/ha Root dip
fluorescence
Spacing (Row × plant) in cm 60 × 45

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Number of seedlings/ 1480

kanal (400m2)
Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha
manures including soil FYM 22 t
application of bio-fertilizers, VC 16 t
bio-control agents etc Rock phosphate 100 kg/ha
Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/
manures planting or stage of
crop
Cow urine 60 L 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT
Panchagavya 18L 30, 45, 60 DAT
Vermi wash-10% 60 L/600 L 30, 45, 60 DAT
water/ha
Irrigation practices Number of Most critical stages Depth of irrigation
irrigations for irrigation (cm)
4-5 Transplanting and 4-5 cm
curd formation
Major weeds Local name Common name Scientific name
Jhanda Water grass Echinochloa
colonum
Chhoti Jhan Yellow foxtail Setaria glauca
Motha Purple nutsedge Cyperus sp.
Ragi/Mandal Goose grass Eleusine indica
Weed management Critical stage Recommended practice for organic condition
of weeding
2-3 (4 leaf stage, Manual
2 times before
curd formation)
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Organic material Quantity (kg or
practices disease recommended for litres/ ha)
control
1. Lepidopeterus Delta Sticky Traps 25traps/ha
larvae having DBM (Diamond
Back Moth) lure to
be installed

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NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

immediately after
transplanting
2. Aphids No need as the -
population remains
below Economic
Injury Level
Optimum stage of harvesting When curds become compact and gain proper shape
(in case of vegetables and
green cob)

Yield

Parameters 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Mean

Economic yield (kg/ha) 10670 9660 8330 9523 7570 7360 8852

Glimpses

Organic cauliflower crop Organic cauliflower curds

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Pea (Rabi)

Important features of suitable varieties

Parameters Azad P-1

Duration (days) 140

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 8941
Source (s) of availability Deptt. of Agriculture
Suitable regions/districts in the state Kullu

Field preparation: Irrigate the field to field capacity and then plough once with disc harrow
and twice with power tiller and thereafter follow planking to maintain proper moisture in the
field. Plain bed size is kept as land availability.

Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) (Not 75

applicable for nursery crops)
Pre-sowing/planting Material Recommended rate Method of
treatment of seed/seedlings (kg/ha or lit/ha) application
Soil treatment
Trichoderma virde 3.75 kg/ha Broadcast
Seed Treatment
Trichoderma virde 3.75 kg/ha Seed coating of each
Pseudomonas 3.75 kg /ha
fluorescence
Spacing (Row × plant) in cm 60 × 10
Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha
manures including soil FYM 4.34t
application of bio-fertilizers, VC 3.2t
bio-control agents etc Rock phosphate 87kg
Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/
manures planting or stage of
crop

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 Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Cow urine 60L 30, 45, 60 DAS

Panchagavya 18L 30, 45, 60 DAS
Vermi wash-10% 60 L/600 L water/ha 30, 45, 60 DAS
Irrigation practices Number of Most critical stages Depth of irrigation
irrigations for irrigation (cm)
2-3 Seed germination, 4-5cm
flowering and pod
formation
Major weeds Local name Common name Scientific name
Jaldhar Corn Butter Cup Ranunculus arvensis
Poa grass Annual blue grass Poa annua
Maina/Khukhni Bur clover Medicago denticulate
Krishan neel Scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis
Khokhua Chick weed Stellaria media
Weed management Critical stage Recommended practice for organic condition
of weeding
1. After 3-4 weeks Manual
of sowing
2. Before flowering
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Organic material Quantity (kg or
practices disease recommended for litres/ ha)
control
Ascochyta blight Trichoderma 3kg/ha each
virde +
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Powdery mildew Ginger, Garlic and 1.25 kg/ha ginger,
Chilli Extract 2.5 kg/ha garlic,
1.25 kg/ha chilli
Powdery mildew Trichoderma 3kg/ha each
virde +
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Optimum stage of harvesting When Pea pods attain dark green colour
(in case of vegetables and
green cob)

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Economic yield (kg/ha)

Year 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Mean

Cauliflower-Pea-Tomato 10820 11290 5230 7420 10185 8700 8941

Corainder-Pea-Tomato 6485 5941 7150 4248 5956

Glimpses

Organic pea green crop Organic pea green pods

Organic pea green pods

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 Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Tomato (Summer)
Important features of suitable varieties

Parameters Hybrid- 7730

Duration (days) 85
Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 10410
Source (s) of availability Department of Agriculture
Suitable regions/districts in the state Kullu, Mandi, Kangra, Solan
Specific resistance / tolerance to pest No
Specific resistance / tolerance to disease Bacterial wilt
Specific tolerance to drought/waterlogging No

Nursery raising practices

Area of nursery required for 1 ha 30 m2
Nursery raising method Raised seed bed
Bed size (length × breadth in m) 3m × 1 m
2
Seed sowing rate/m 15 g
Pre-sowing seed/soil treatment Materials Quantity/kg of seed Method of
or per m2area application
Seed Treatment
Trichoderma virde 5 gm/kg each Seed coating
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Nursery bed Treatment:
Trichoderma 40 gm/ m2 Drenching/
virde / broadcasting
Trichoderma
harzianum
Plastic sheet 30m 2 Soil solarisation
Seedling Treatment
Trichoderma virde 0.30 g/m2 each Root dip
Pseudomonas
fluorescence

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Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Source and optimum quantity Materials Quantity/ m2area Method of

of organic manures/other application
nutrient source/m2 of nursery
FYM 2 kg Basal application
VC 1 kg -do-
Irrigation practices Watering can
Weed management Manual
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Recommended Quantity/ m2area
practices disease organic material
used for control
Blights/leaf Trichoderma 0.30 gm/m2 each
spots/fruit rots virde+
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
Wilt/root/collar rot Trichoderma virde 3.75kg/m2
as soil treatment
Wilt/root/collar rot Trichoderma 0.30 gm/m2 each
virde +
Pseudomonas
fluorescence
as foliar spray
Optimum age of nursery (days) 32

Field preparation: The field is irrigated and then plough once with disc harrow and thrice
with power tiller to bring soil in to good tilth. The bed size is kept as per convenience. Proper
trenches around the field are formed for drainage of excess water.

Note: The land holding in the state is generally small and it is difficult to use tractor for
ploughing. In such situation, the ploughing may be done preferably with bullocks or power
tiller.

Cultural practices
Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended rate Method of
of seed/seedlings(only using (kg/ha or lit/ha) application
organic inputs such as bio-
fertilizer, bio-control agents, Trichoderma 3.75kg/ha each Basal application
cow urine, panchagavya etc) viride+
Pseudomonas
flourosence

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NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Spacing (Row × plant) in cm 60 × 45

Number of seedlings/ kanal 1480
(400m2)
Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha
manures including soil FYM 17.4 t
application of bio-fertilizers, VC 12.8 t
bio-control agents etc RP 100 kg
Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/
manures planting or stage of
crop
Cow urine 60 L/600 L water/ha 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT
Panchagavya 18L 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT
Vermiwash 60 L/600 L water/ha 15, 30, 45, 60 DAT
Irrigation practices Number of Most critical stages Depth of irrigation
irrigations for irrigation (cm)
3-4 Transplanting, 4-5
flowering and
fruit setting
Major weeds Local name Common name Scientific name
Kulfa Purslane Portulaca oleracea
Tipatia/khatibuti Wood sorrel Oxalis latifolia
Poa grass Annual blue grass Poa annua
Peeli buti - Gallinsoga parviflora
Weed management Critical stage Recommended practice for organic
of weeding condition
After 2-3 weeks Manual
of transplanting
and thereafter
45 and 60 DAT
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Organic material Quantity (kg or
practices disease recommended for litres/ ha)
control
Fruit borer i) Lipel/Dipel Lipel @1.0 kg/ha or
(Bacillus Dipel 1.0 L/600 L/
thuringiensis sp. water/ha
kurstaki)

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ii) Neemban(0.15%) 3L/600 L water/ ha

iii) Margosom 0.6L/600 L
(Azedarchtin 1.0%) water/ ha
iv) *Darek (Melia 3L/600 L water/ ha
azedarach) or
Karvi (Roylea
cinerea) or
kali basuti
(Eupatorium)
5% aqueous
leaf extract +
cow urine 3% +
emulsifier TritonX-
100 (0.05%)
Optimum stage of harvesting When ¼th lower part of tomato fruit turns red.

Economic yield (kg/ha)

Cropping systems 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Mean

Cauliflower-Pea-Tomato 14970 15620 18580 1993 3700 7600 10411

Corainder-Pea-Tomato 24635 8086 3328 8555 11151

Glimpses

Organic tomato crop Organic tomato fruits

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 Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Coriander (Kharif)

Particulars Kharif

Crop Coriander
Fortnight of sowing/planting August
Fortnight of harvesting September
Varieties suitable for organic farming Mediterranea- Hybrid

Important features of suitable varieties

Parameters Mediterranea- Hybrid

Duration (days) 91
Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 5717
Source (s) of availability Local Market
Suitable regions/districts in the state Kullu

Field preparation: Irrigate field and then plough once with disc harrow and thrice with power
tiller to bring soil in to fine tilth. Plain beds are made keeping bed size as per convenience.

Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) 20 kg

Spacing (Row × plant) in cm 30 x 5
Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha
manures including soil FYM 13 t
application of bio-fertilizers, VC 8t
bio-control agents etc Rock phosphate 65 kg/ha
Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/
manures planting or stage of
crop
Cow urine 60 L 30, 45, 60 DAS
Bio dynamic (501) 2.5 g/40 L/ha 45 and 60 DAS
Panchagavya 18L 30, 45, 60 DAS
Irrigation practices Number of Most critical stages Depth of irrigation
irrigations for irrigation (cm)
5-6 - 4-5 cm

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NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Major weeds Local name Common name Scientific name

Jhanda Water grass Echinochloa
colonum
Chhoti Jhan Yellow foxtail Setaria glauca
Weed management Critical stage of Recommended practice for organic condition
weeding
2-3 Manual
Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Organic material Quantity (kg or
practices disease recommended for litres/ ha)
control
No insect-pest problem found, hence no need of plant protection
practices
Optimum stage of harvesting After 4-5weeks, twice at 15-20 days interval

Yield

Parameters 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Mean

Economic yield (kg/ha) 6396 9523 3512 6596 6433

Glimpses

Organic green coriander crop Harvested organic coriander

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 Organic Crop Production Guide
NPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

Glimpses (Photos) of Organic Production

FYM Vermicompost Vermiwash as nutrient

supplement

Phermone trap Water trap Yellow sticky trap

Leaf extract-Roylea cinerea Leaf extract-Meliaazedarach Trichoderma, Pseudomonas &

Lipel

Neembaan 5% Melia, 1% Morgosom and

5% Eupatorium

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