International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Sloshing & Earthquake Effect on Water Tank
Dr. S.V. Admane1, T.D. Sayyad2, A.N. Dahe3, Yelbhar M.D4,
Principal1, H.O.D2, Lecturer3, 4
Department of Civil Engineering
Bhivrabai Sawant Polytechnic, Wagholi, Pune, India
Corresponding Author’s email id: sachinadmane@gmail.com1, engtabassum@rediffmail.com2,
daheakshay@gmail.com3, meelbhar@gmail.com4
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3777990
Abstract
Fluid stockpiling tanks is an imperative segment of life line frameworks, for example,
water dissemination framework, oil plants and so on. Seismic outline of fluid
stockpiling tanks requires learning of hydrodynamic weight following up on the
divider and sloshing recurrence. For such a reason it requires legitimate
investigation of liquid tank collaboration under seismic excitation. In the outline
codes, mechanical analogs of tank-liquid framework are ordinarily used to acquire
the hydrodynamic weight, sloshing recurrence and plan seismic powers. Such
mechanical analogs are and produced for basic geometries, as rectangular and
circular water tanks. Nonetheless, for tanks of different shapes and for tanks with
inward obstacles, there are a not very many investigations on the mechanical
analogs. In the present paper, exploratory and numerical investigation is taken up to
get the sloshing recurrence of fluid contained in rectangular tank with or without
astound divider. The exploratory examination is done on research facility models of
tanks, which are energized utilizing an Electro-Magnetic Shake Table. The
numerical investigation is finished with the assistance of limited component model of
tank-liquid framework utilizing ANSYS programming. An examination of test and
numerical outcomes is given.
Keywords: - Fluid-tank interaction, Sloshing frequency, tanks with
obstruction, tanks of other shapes, ANSYS
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International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
INTRODUCTION affected regions. During the earthquake
Water is an essential component in human the sloshing effect inside the water tank
life line, so the storage of water is very increases and numbers of large elevated
important phenomenon. For such a storage water tank and ground.
purpose term of design of water tank is
implemented in civil engineering. While Storage water tank are severely damaged
designing of water tank there are some where as others severely without damage.
important factors should be considered. An analysis of the dynamic behavior of
Sloshing is the one of the important factor such a tank must take into account, the
while designing of water tank. Sloshing is motion of the water relative to the tank as
defined as the free motion of water inside well as the motion of the tank related to
the water tank. There are two types of ground. Numerous scientists have been
water tanks like elevated storage water done on the conduct, examination and plan
tank and ground storage water tank are of ground tanks. Indian subcontinent is
commonly used to store the water. In exceedingly defenseless against
major cities and rural areas elevated cataclysmic event like seismic tremor,
storage water tank and ground storage drafts, surges, tornados and so on. Lion's
water tank are generally use. In case of share of states or association domains are
elevated storage water tank it forms an inclined to one or different calamities.
integral part of water supply scheme and These normal disasters are causing
these tank must remain functional to meet numerous setbacks and endless property
the demand in any extreme and hazard misfortune consistently, According to
situations like earthquake, fire etc. While seismic code IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2000, over
designing the elevated storage water tank 60% of India is inclined to quakes. The
and ground storage water tank, it is very fundamental explanation behind life
important to study the seismic behavior, misfortune is fall of structure. It is said that
safety with respect to water tank and seismic tremor itself never executes
sloshing effect of water inside the tank. individuals; it is gravely developed
The design and construction of water tank structures that murder. Thus it is essential
is such that it should remain functional in to investigation the structure legitimately
the post-earthquake period to ensure for quake impacts. Sloshing waves have
potable water supply to earthquake- been examined numerically, hypothetically
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International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
and tentatively in the previous quite a few of water tank the study of sloshing effect
years and numerous noteworthy marvels and earthquake effect is important.
have been considered in those
contemplated, particularly the direct and OBJECTIVE OF INVESTIGATION
nonlinear impacts of sloshing for both in To conduct a study about the Static and
thick and gooey fluids. When the water Dynamic analysis of water tanks rest
tanks are used in seismic active regions, on ground.
seismic behavior of them has to be
investigated in detail to prevent the To study about the behavior of water
damage of such a structure and maintain tank under earthquake load.
the stability of structure. So there is need
to focus on seismic safety of life line To carry out the time history analysis
structure with respect to dynamic and of the water tank for tank is not fully
sloshing study and find out the remedial filled with water level conditions.
measures which provide safety to the
structure during the earthquake and also to To compare seismic force for tank
withstand more design forces. without baffle and tank with baffle
wall.
SLOSHING EFFECT OF TANKS
Sloshing is free motion of water inside the PROBLEM STATEMENT
water tank. Sloshing is directly A) A Rectangular Tank resting on ground
proportional to the acceleration of the of 54, 00,000 liter capacity has plan
water inside the tank. When earthquake is dimensions of 45m x 30m and height of
occurs the sloshing inside the water tank 4.6 m (including free board of 0.6 m).
increases. It provides hydrostatic pressure Wall has a uniform thickness of 400 mm.
distribution, force moments and natural The base slab is 500 mm thick. There is no
frequencies of the free liquid surface. roof slab on the tank. Tank is located on
These parameters have a direct effect on hard soil in Zone V. Grade of concrete is
the dynamic stability of structure and M30.Analyze the tank for seismic loads.
reduce the stability and strength of overall
structure and structure damaged. That’s
why to maintain the strength and stability
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International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
30m
45m
PLAN
45m
4m
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
Fig.1. Plan Dimension of Tank
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International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Summary of Hydrostatic Pressure & hydrodynamic Pressure Acting In X Direction
40m
4m
Hydrostatic Pressure on Base Slab 40 kN/m2
40 kN/m2 40 kN/m2
Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure
on Wall on Wall
1.5 kN/m2
4m
Impulsive Pressure on Base Slab
11.04 kN/m2 11.04kN/m2
Impulsive Pressure on Wall Impulsive Pressure on Wall
Hydrodynamic Impulsive Pressure X Direction
6.96 kN/m2
4m
Convective Pressure on Base Slab
6.96 kN/m2
6.96 kN/m2
Convective Pressure on Wall Convective Pressure on Wall
Hydrodynamic Convective Pressure X Direction
Fig.2. Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
19 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Fig.3. Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
Fig.4.Meshing in Ansys Workbench16
Fig.5.Total deformation of Tank without baffle wall
20 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
B. A Rectangular baffled Tank resting on Single baffle wall placed at the center of
ground of 54, 00,000 liter capacity has tank. The base slab is 500 mm thick. There
plan dimensions of 45m x 30m and height is no roof slab on the tank. Tank is located
of 4.6 m (including free board of 0.6 m). on hard soil in Zone V. Grade of concrete
Wall has a uniform thickness of 400 mm. is M30.Analyze the tank for seismic loads.
35m
22.3m 22.3m
PLAN
45m
4m
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
Fig.6.Plan Dimension of Tank
21 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Summary of Hydrostatic Pressure & hydrodynamic Pressure Acting in X Direction
4m
Hydrostatic Pressure on Base Slab 40 kN/m2
40 kN/m2 40 kN/m2
Hydrostatic Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
on Wall on Wall
1.29 kN/m2
4m
9.03 kN/m2 9.03 kN/m2
Impulsive Pressure on Base Slab
Impulsive Pressure on Wall Impulsive Pressure on Wall
Hydrodynamic Impulsive Pressure X Direction
1.99kN/m2 4m
1.57 kN/m2
Convective Pressure on Base Slab
convective Pressure on
Wall
Hydrodynamic Convective Pressure X Direction
Fig.7.Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
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International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Fig.8.Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
Fig.9.Meshing in Ansys workbench
Fig.10.Total Deformation of Tank
23 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
B) A Rectangular baffled Tank resting on centre of tank. The base slab is 500 mm
ground of 54, 00,000 liter capacity has thick. There is no roof slab on the tank.
plan dimensions of 45m x 30m and height Tank is located on hard soil in Zone V.
of 4.6 m (including free board of 0.6 m). Grade of concrete is M30.Analyze the tank
Wall has a uniform thickness of 400 mm. for seismic loads.
Double baffle wall equally placed at the
35m
14.75m 14.7m 14.75m
PLAN
45m
4m
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
Fig.11.Plan Dimension of Tank
24 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Summary of Hydrostatic Pressure & hydrodynamic Pressure Acting in X Direction
Hydrostatic
Pressure on Base
Slab 40 kN/m2
40 kN/m2 Hydrostatic Pressure 40 kN/m2
1.69kN/m2
11.89 kN/m2
Impulsive Pressure on Base Slab
Impulsive Pressure on Wall
Hydrodynamic Impulsive Pressure X Direction
1.63kN/m2
1.28 kN/m2
Convective Pressure on Base Slab
convective Pressure on
Wall Hydrodynamic Convective Pressure X Direction
Fig.12.Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
25 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Fig.13.Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
Fig.14.Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
Fig.15.Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic pressure acting in X Direction
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International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS
1. Comparison of Seismic Force for Tank Without Baffle and Tank with Baffle Wall
Table I. Comparison for Tank with and Without Baffle Walls
Title Tank without baffle Tank with single Tank with double
wall baffle wall baffle wall
5,40,000kg 5,35,200kg (20% 548700kg (31%
Impulsive mass of
(10% participates in participates in participates in
liquid
Convective mode) convective mode) convective mode)
20,87,280kg (78% of
44,82,000kg (83% of 1203600kg (68% of
Convective mass liquid mass
liquid participates in liquid mass participates
of liquid participates in
impulsive mode) in impulsive mode)
impulsive mode)
0.083sec
Time Period for
0.075sec 0.075 sec
Impulsive mode
Time Period
15.63 sec 7.538sec 5.15sec
convective mode
Base shear at
3653kN 2358kN 2777kN
bottom of wall
Equivalent
Impulsive T=1.57kN/m2 T = 1.3kN/m2 T = 1.7kN/m2
pressure –X B=11.04 kN/m2 B=9.03kN/m2 B=11kN/m2
Direction
Equivalent linear
convective T=6.96kN/m2 T=1.9kN/m2 T=1.6kN/m2
pressure- X B=6.96kN/m2 B=1.5kN/m2 B=1.3kN/m2
Direction
Sloshing Height 1.71m 0.66m 0.43m
27 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
2. Time History Analysis methods to do a transient dynamic analysis
The behavior of water tank is carried out are full method, mode supervision method
using time history analysis. It is carried out and reduced method. In present work
by two ways likes the behavior of water transient analysis is carried out by using
tank under EI centro, earthquake full method. In this method full system
acceleration-time records and using matrix is used to calculate the transient
ANSYS software with transient dynamic response. It is the most general method
analysis. The ANSYS program works because it allows all types of nonlinearities
under the Newmark’s time integration to be included like plasticity, large
method. In this method dynamic equations deflection, large strain etc. the following
are solved. Integration time steps are an are the ANSYS result models which
important phenomenon work in it. It is showing the sloshing effect on rectangular
define as the time increment between water tank when it is not fully filled with
successive time points. There are three water.
Fig.16. Sloshing effect on rectangular water tank when it is not fully filled with water
28 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
Fig.17.Cross-section of Sloshing effect on rectangular water tank when it is not fully filled
with water
Fig.18.Time history analysis graph for sloshing effect on rectangular water tank when it is
not fully filled with water
29 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
CONCLUSIONS and multiple baffle in tank i.e it
Tanks with and without baffle having reduces with reduction in aspect ratio
same geometric size, seismic parameter, of tank.
water height, from above calculation and
analysis the following conclusion is made The hydrostatic force acting on baffle
for sloshing in tank with and without wall gets nullified for baffled tank
baffle wall. when both the tank compartments are
equally filled.
Time Period calculated for tank
without baffle is more than the time The hydrodynamic force acting on the
period for tank with baffle which baffle wall is doubled as per the codal
means sloshing is more in case of tank calculations as there is no specific
without baffle as compared to tank clause mentioned for baffle wall.
with baffle walls.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Sloshing height calculated for tank It is not possible to express the things in
without baffle wall is more than the words what we feel, but here we tried to
sloshing height calculated for tank with express our thoughts in the form of
baffle wall. acknowledgement. It has been privilege
for us to be associated with Dr. S. V.
Sloshing height is considerable Admane our project guide. We have been
reduced for tank with multiple baffles greatly benefited by his valuable
when the seismic forces is acting in suggestions and ideas. It is with great
perpendicular direction to baffle wall. pleasure that we express our deep sense of
gratitude to him for his guidance, constant
Base shear calculated at bottom of wall encouragement, for his kindness, moral
for tank without baffle is slightly more boosting support and patience throughout
as compared to base shear calculated this work. We profoundly thank him for all
for baffled tank. this and owe much more than we could
possibly express. We are thankful to Head
The equivalent convective pressure of Civil Engineering Department and co-
reduces with an introduction of single guide Mrs. T. D. Sayyad for providing the
30 Page 15-32 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2020. All Rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 5 Issue 1
required facilities to complete this report. V. P. Muthu Vijay (2014) "Analysis
We must say thanks to all the teaching and of sloshing impact on overhead
non-teaching staff of department for their liquid storage structure" IJRET
valuable cooperation and support. We Vol.2 Issue-8, Aug 2014.
thank Dr. S. V. Admane Principal,
Bhivrabai Sawant Polytechnic, Wagholi, VI. Ankita R Patil (2014) "Effect of
Pune, India different staging configuration on
seismic performance of circular
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