CHEMICAL TEST TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PAIR OF COMPOUNDS
TEST REAGENT INFERENCE
1- Iodoform test(Alcohols)
NaOH/I2 Yellow Ppt of CHI3
2-Lucas test (10,20,& ZnCl2/HCl Turbdity immediately in
0
3 Alcohols) 30Alcohols
3-Neutral ferric chloride test Neutral FeCl3 Voilet colour
(Phenol)
4-Bromine water test(Phenol) Br2/H2O White ppt
5-Iodoform test NaOH/I2 Yellow Ppt of CHI3
(Aldehydes & Ketones )-
COCH3
Alcohol (-C(OH)CH3
6-Tollens test(Aliphatic & Ammonical AgNO3 Silver mirror on walls of test
Aromatic Aldehydes) tube
7-Fehling test(Aliphatic Fehling A & Fehling B Reddish Brown ppt of Cu2O
Aldehydes)
8-Azo dye test(Aniline) Aniline forms BDC with
NaNO2 + HCl than reacts with Yellow colour azo dye
β -napthol
9-Isocyanide/Carbyl amine CHCl3 + KOH Unpleasent odour or smell of
test(10 Amine) Isocyanide
10-Heinsberg test(10, 20, 30 C6H5SO2Cl Product of 10 Amines soluble
Amines) Benzene sulphanoyl chloride in alkali.
Product of 20 Amines are
insoluble in alkali.
No reaction of 30
11-Sodium bicarbonate test NaHCO3 Effervescence due to CO2
(Acids)
12. Test for Halides aq.NaOH and AgNO3 test Ppt formed if-X directly
attached to sp3Carbon
White ppt for Cl
Light yellow ppt for Br
Yellow ppt for I
Distinguish By a Single Chemical Test(WITH CHEMICAL EQUATION)
1. All aldehydes ( R-CHO) give Tollens’ Test and produce silver mirror.
RCHO + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3 OH-à RCOO- + 2 Ag + 2H2O + 4 NH3
Tollens’ Reagent silver ppt
Note: HCOOH (methanoic acid ) also gives this test, ketones(RCOR) do not give this test
2. All aldehydes (R-CHO) and ketones(RCOR) give 2,4-DNP test
RCOR + 2,4-DNP à Orange ppt
R-CHO + 2,4-DNP à Orange ppt
Aldehydes and ketones having CH3CO- (keto methyl) group give Iodoform Test. Alcohols having CH3CH- group
also give Iodoform Test. |
OH
CH3CHO + 3I2 + 4 NaOHà CHI3 + HCOONa + 3 NaI + 3H2O
Yellow ppt
The following compounds give Iodoform Test: ethanol (C2H5OH), propan-2-ol (CH3CH(OH)CH3),
ethanal(CH3CHO), propanone(CH3COCH3), butanone ( CH3COCH2CH3) , pentan-2-one (CH3COCH2 CH2CH3) ,
acetophenone ( PhCOCH3 )
4. All carboxylic acids ( R-COOH) give Bicarbonate Test
RCOOH + NaHCO3àRCOONa + CO2 + H 2O
effervescence
5. Phenol gives FeCl3 Test
C6H5OH + FeCl3à (C6H5O)3Fe + 3 HCl
(neutral) (violet color)
6. All primary amines (R/Ar -NH2) give Carbyl Amine Test
R-NH2 + CHCl3 + KOH(alc) à R-NC + KCl + H2O
offensive smell
7. Aniline gives Azo Dye Test ( Only for aromatic amines)
C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + HClà C6H5N2+Cl- ; then add β-naphtholà orange dye
8. All alcohols (ROH) give Na-metal test
R-OH + Na à R-ONa + H2 (bubbles)
9. For esters (RCOOR) : Hydrolyses first. Then see the products ( acid& alcohol) and give a test to identify
them
10. All alkenes (C=C) and alkynes (C≡C) decolorizes Br2 – water from red to colorless
11. Lucas Test to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
Lucas reagent: ZnCl2/HCl
0
3 -alcohol + Lucas reagent à immediate turbidity
20-alcohol + Lucas reagent à turbidity after sometime
10-alcohol + Lucas reagent à no turbidity
CBSE QUESTIONS
Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
1. Methylamine and dimethylamine
2. Secondary and tertiary amines
3. Ethylamine and aniline
4. Aniline and benzylamine
5. Aniline and N-methylaniline
6. Propanal and PropanoneAcetophenone and Benzophenone
7. Phenol and Benzoic acid
8. Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
9. Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
10. Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
11. Ethanal and Propanal
12. Acetone and Acetaldehyde
13. Acetaldehyde and Benzaldehyde
14. Ethanoic acid and Ethnoyl chloride
15. Methanol and Ethanol
16. Propanol and Propan-2-ol
17. 2-Methyl Propan-2-ol and Propanol
18. Phenol and Cyclohexanol
19. 10,20,&30Alchols
20. 10,20,& 30 Amines
21. Formic acid and Acetic acid
WORK SHEET
MCQ
1. Which of the following compound will give positive idoform test.
a. 3-methylpropan-2-ol c. 1-methylcyclopentanal
b. 1-phenylpropan-1-ol d. 3-phenylpropan-2-ol
i. a &c iii. b & c
ii. a & d iv. b and d
2. Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol can be distinguished by_____________
a. Lucas test c. Tollen’s reagent test
b. Ferric chloride test d. Na metal test
3. Lucas test is associated with___________ .
a. Alcohol c. Aldehyde
b. phenol d. Carboxylic acid
4. ___________ alcohol react immediately with anhydrous ZnCl2 + HCl and give insoluble Chloride.
a. Methanol c. Isopropylalcohol
b. Butanol d. 2- methylpropan-2-ol
5. C2H5OH and C6H5OH can be distinguished by
a. Br2+ H2O c. FeCl3
b. I2+NaOH d. both B and C
6. C2H5CHO and (CH3)2CO be distinguished by testing with
a. Phenyl Hydrazide c. Fehlings solution
b. Hydroxylamine d. Sodium Bisulphide
7. Silver mirror test can be used to distinguished between
a. Ketone and Acid c. Aldehyde And Acid
b. Phenol and Acid d. Alcohol and phenol
8. The pair of compounds in which both the compounds give positive with tollen’s reagent
a. Glucose and Sucrose c. Acetophenone and Hexanal
b. Fructose and Sucrose d. Glucose and Fructose
9. Acetone and Acetaldeyhde are differentiated by
a. NaOH+I2 c. HNO3
b. [Ag(NH3)2]+ d. I2
10. Which of the following pairs can be distinguished by sodium hypoiodite
a. CH3CHO and CH3COCH3
b. CH3CH2CHO and CH3COCH3
c. CH3CH2OH and CH3CH2CHOHCH3
d. CH3OH and CH3CH2 CHO
11. CH3CHO and C2H5CH2CHO can be distinguished by
a. Bendict test c. Tollen’s test
b. Iodoform test d. Fehlings solution test
12. Dye test can be used to distinguished between
a. Ethylamine and Acetamide b. Ethylamine and Aniline
c. Urea and Acetamide d. Methylamine and Ethylamine
13. Hinsbergs reagent is :
a. Benzenesulphonyl chloride c. Phenyl iocyanide
b. Benzenesulphonic acid d. Benzenesulphamide
14. Iodoform can be prepared from, all except.
a. Ethyl methyl ketone c. 3-methylbutan-2-one
b. Isopropyl alcohol d. Isobutyl alcohol
STATE TRUE OR FALSE
1 Formic acid reduces Tollens’ reagent
2Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl Group
3Acetic acid does not give sodium bisulphite addition product
4Benzaldehyde does not give Fehling’s test.
5 Can iodoform be prepared from ethanol ?
