TAX 3530 Fibre to Fabric

Tutor Marked Assignment No.03

Name : M.P.S.M Cooray

Reg. No. : 221653458

Due Date : 24.09.2022

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Sub. Date : 24.09.2022
Question 01

a) Briefly explain why textiles yarns produced by spinning cannot be used for

weaving straight away.

The textile yarn produced by spinning cannot be used directly for weaving because yarn

breakage caused by weak points can reduce the efficiency of the weaving process and

poor quality fabric due to yarn defects should be fed to the weaving machines in the form

of a beam containing a large number of parallel wound ends of the woven yarn. As weft

yarns are subjected to very high friction, tension and bending stress, single warp ends

should be pulled through the yarn eyes of the teeth of heald wires, drops and reeds before

weaving begins. Many yarns should be treated (sizing) to improve their resistance to

these stresses, where as in conventional weaving, weft yarns should be attached to

packages attached to shuttles.

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 b) Briefly explain the advantages of rapier weft insertion method compared to
shuttle weft insertion method.

Rapier insertion method is combined with a driving mechanism which makes the velocity
easier to be controlled, but the shuttle insertion needs a large force to speed up the shuttle
to reach high velocity. Rapier weft insertion has a flexible band compared to the shuttle
weft which makes the insertion of weft makes easier. Rapier head is much smaller than the
shuttle head and the space consumed by the large pirn of the shuttle weft can be taken as
an advantage.

The rapier consists a telescopic arm which can be adjusted according to the length when
the weft is inserted. This nature of rapier weft insertion method makes the process
correctable and makes it more accurate. However shuttle weft insertion method wastes a
large amount of energy and that energy goes in vain during the picking process if the
shuttle is not accurately done.

Rapier weft machine has a very high speed compared to shuttle weft machine. Therefore it
has high efficiency.

Another disadvantage of the shuttle weft insertion method is that the picking process
should be braked after every picking which makes the machine less efficient whereas
rapier insertion method is much faster than the shuttle insertion method, it consumes much
energy.

A very important advantage of rapier weft insertion method is that it has a very simple,
reliable colour changing mechanism due to which it can produce fabrics with striking
colours.

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 c) Illustrate a cross sectional view of a weaving machine and name important
parts. Then briefly explain the process of weaving.

Weaving is a textile art in that two distinct sets of yarns or threads known as the warp and
weft.They are interlaced with each other at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.The warp
threads run length ways on the piece of fabric, while the weft thread runs horizontally.

The weaving process has few steps. They are winding, warping, sizing, drawing-in, weaving
and finally the control on the greige fabric.

On a loom, textile weaving is carried off. A hand-loom is a simple example of a wooden

frame. Furthermore, it can be complex as an electronic device and is also referred as the new
industrial loom. The size of the loom is equal to the fabric's width. Warp and weft yarn are
linked together using a loom.A warp beam used to transport the warp to the loom. Just before
weaving process, the fabric is twisted around a cylindrical column termed a wrapper beam. In
the process, it keeps the thread. The warp beam is made up of multiple separate strands
twisted on a cylindrical tube with two flanges either at ends.

A warp beam is used to deliver the warp to the loom. Before the weaving process, the cloth is
twisted around a cylindrical column called a wrapper beam. In the process, it maintains the
thread. The warp beam is made up of numerous individual strands wound on a cylindrical
tube with two flanges at either end to support the layers of strands. The strands are arranged
in parallel.

The warp on the loom is connected with the individual weaved strands, which are arranged
cross-wise. Handlooms are what they are known as. Weavers that are powered mechanically
are referred to as power looms. Automatic looms are modern weaving machines that have
automation. The interlacing of the warp and weft is accomplished using all of these many
kinds of equipment. As a result, they all share the same components. Before beginning the
weaving process, the fabric can be fastened to the loom. To entangle with the weft, the warp

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sheet might be divided into two layers. Raising or lowering the chosen warhead in relation to
the others achieves this separation. The warp ends are drawn through the holding wires
fastened to the framing to enable this selective separation. One held frame can be dragged
through while simultaneously raising or lowering all warp ends. As a result, weaving requires
at least two held frames. There can be at least two warp frames in the simplest weave, known
as plain weave. Other patterns require more than two healing frames since bigger amounts of
yarns with various interlocking patterns need to be separated.

Additionally, the warp ends are fed through the reed's teeth, which resemble the perfectly
spaced teeth on a comb. It aids in distributing the yarn evenly across the fabric's whole
breadth. In order to create a fabric with set weft spacing, it is also used to push the last
inserted weft to the dropped location.

There are three primary types of weaves. These three types of wewe are plain, twill, and
satin. This weaving process covers the textile manufacturing steps of dying, printing,
finishing, and garment fabrication.

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 Question 02

a) Illustrate the steps of weft knitting by a bearded needle and explain each
step in your own words.

There are eight stages of creating a loop using breaded

needles. The needle is seen in the first step in its lowest
position. The final loop has already been drawn through
the first one. The final loop is hanging from the needle's
Lowest position head.
The clearing process is the next stage. The sinker keeps
the knitted cloth lowered in this phase as the needle
goes upward.
The third stage is known as feeding. As the needle is in
Clearing the highest position, a fresh piece of yarn is deposited
(fed) on the stem.
Sinkers have kinked (bent) this yarn. Presser advances
and presses the beard on the stem to shut the hook as
the needle descends (descending). Just below the closed
Knocking over beard's tip is the old fabric. The already-made fabric
Feeding
loops slide along the beard as the needle descended
further, and the new loop was drawn through the earlier
one.
The presser withdraws as the old loop gets closer to it.
The old loop crosses the needle's loop, toppling it over.
The needle is once more in its initial position and
prepared for the following knitting cycle.

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 c) Draw the lapping movements of guide bars for following warp knitted
structures.

LOCKNIT
fabric

SATIN
fabric

REVERSE
locknit

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TRICOT
fabric

PIN NET
fabric