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Affiliation No. 1730992

Session: 2023-2024
A

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

REPORT

ON

“To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil

depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series
with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency.”

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

MR. DEEPAK KR. SHARMA TANUJ
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CLASS: XII-A
AIS, JAIPUR ROLL NO.: 11665604

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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, AIS,

JAIPUR (RAJ.)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Tanuj bearing Roll Number 11665604 is
a student of Class XII-A. He has successfully completed his
Physics Investigatory project titled “Factors on which self-
inductance of coil depend” as per the guidelines of Central
Board of Secondary Education for the academic year 2023-
2024.

It is further certified that this project is the individual and

bonafide work of the candidate.

Signature of Physics Teacher : ______________

Signature of External Examiner: ______________

Signature of Principal : ______________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to present the Project on “To study
the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor
in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of an adjustable frequency ”. I
would like to express my gratitude towards my I express my
special gratitude to my principal, Ms. Karuna Nagpal for
allowing me to do this project.

I give my special thanks to my Physics Teacher Mr. Deepak

Kumar Sharma for helping me in every regard. Under whose
guidance and constant Supervision the project has been completed.
The instruction and Suggestions given by him have been a major
contributor forwards the completion of the project.

At the same time, I am very thankful to my parents who provided

all necessary things and my friends helping me a lot. I am
thankful to CBSE for giving me this opportunity.

Overall, without the support of all these people this project could
not be successful.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................. 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ 3
INTRODUCATION ..................................................................................... 5
Applications of Self-Inductance ................................................................ 5
Oscillation Frequency ................................................................................ 6
AIM ............................................................................................................... 7
APPARATUS ............................................................................................... 7
THEORY ...................................................................................................... 7
PROCEDURE............................................................................................... 8
OBSERVATIONS ........................................................................................ 9
RESULT .................................................................................................... 10
PRECAUTIONS ......................................................................................... 10
SOURCES OF ERRORS ........................................................................... 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................... 11

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INTRODUCATION

What is self-inductance?
•When an electric current is passed through an insulated conducting
coil, it gives rise to a magnetic field in the coil so that the coil itself
behaves like a magnet.
•The magnetic flux produced by the current in the coil is linked with
the coil itself.
•As the strength of the current in the coil is changed, the flux linked
with the coil also changes. Under such circumstances an emf is
induced in the coil too. Such emf is called a self-induced emf and this
phenomenon is known as self-induction.

Applications of Self-Inductance
There are many applications of self-inductance, one of the major
ones being a teslacoil,
What is a tesla coil
A Tesla coil is a radio frequency oscillator that drives the air-core
double-tuned resonant transformer to produce high voltages with low
currents.

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To understand better, let’s define what is a radio frequency oscillator.

Primarily, we are aware that the electronic oscillator is a device that
produces electrical signals of either a sine wave or a square wave.
This electronic oscillator produces signals in the radio frequency
range of 20 kHz to 100 GHz, known as a radio frequency oscillator.

Oscillation Frequency
The combination of a capacitor and primary winding ‘L1’ of the
circuit forms a tuned circuit. This tuned circuit ensures that both
primary and secondary circuits are finely tuned to resonate at the
same frequency. The resonant frequencies of the primary ‘f1’ and
secondary circuits ‘f2’ and are given by,

f1=1/2π√L1C1 and f2=1/2π√L2C2

As the secondary circuit cannot be adjusted, the moveable tap on

‘L1’ is used to tune the primary circuit till both the circuits resonate at
the same frequency. Therefore, the frequency of the primary is the
same as the secondary.
f = 1/2π√L1C1 =1/2π√L2C2

The condition for primary and secondary to resonate at the same

frequency is,

L1C1= L2C2
The output voltage in the resonant transformer does not depend on the
number-of-turns ratio as in ordinary transformer. As soon as the cycle
begins and as the spar sets up, the primary circuit’s energy is stored in
the primary capacitor ‘C1’ and the voltage at which the spark breaks
down is ‘V1’.

W1=1/2C1V12
Similarly, the energy at the secondary coil isgiven by,

W2=1/2C2V22
Assuming there is no loss of energy, W2 =W1. Simplifying the
above equation, we get

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V2 = V1√C1/C2 = V1√L2/L1
In the above equation, the peak voltage can be achieved when air
breaks down do not occur. The peak voltage is the voltage at which
theair breaks down and begins to conduct.

AIM:-
To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends
by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a
resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

APPARATUS:-
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable frequency, an electrical
bulb , (6V) a.c. ammeter of suitable range rheostat , a soft iron rod,
one way key, connecting wires etc.

THEORY:-
Self inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the change in
current through it. The self inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is

L=µ 0 µrN2A/ l

Where µr, = Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material,

µr = µ/ µ0

N = Total number of turns in solenoid A = Area of cross-

section of solenoidl= length of solenoid.

Hence, the self inductance depends upon:

1. No. of turns (N), Lα N²

2. Geometry of coil, Lα A, L α(1/l)

3. Nature of core material, Lα µ

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When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb) with a

variable source offrequency, then current flowing in the bulb is

Irms = Erms/Z

Where, Z = √ R2 + ω2 = Impedance of the a.c. circuit. Here

R= Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

PROCEDURE:-

1. Make all connections as shown in the

circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the current
in the circuit by using the variableresistor
(Rh).
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & seethebrightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the conductor core & record the
current in a.c. ammeter & again check the brightness of bulb.
The current & brightness bothdecreases.

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5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the frequency of a.c.
source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the current in circuit at same
constant voltage 6 V by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current & brightness both
will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil & note the current
& brightness. The current& brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for differentfrequency of a.c.
source.

OBSERVATIONS:-

1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A

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RESULT :-

1. The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in the
core of coil at constant frequency of applied voltage &brightness
of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency
of applied voltage & vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases.

PRECAUTIONS:-

1. The coil should have large number ofturns.

2. Current should be passed for a small timeto avoid the heating

effect.

SOURCES OF ERRORS :-

1. The resistance of circuit may increases

lightly due to heating effect of current.

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

coil.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CBSE Class XII Physics NCERT Book (2023-2024).
Referring to the official CBSE physics syllabus for Class
XII provides insight into the curriculum and guidelines
followed for the investigatory project.
 Resnick, R., Halliday, D., & Walker, J. (2013).
Fundamentals of Physics. John Wiley & Sons.
 University Physics with Modern Physics by Young, H. D.,
& Freedman, R. A. (2015). Pearson.

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