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SECTION A
1. a) Finding the coordinates of 𝐵
Intersection of 𝑙_1 and 𝑙_2
2𝑦 − 𝑥 − 10 = 0
𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 0

Solving simultaneously
2(3𝑥) − 𝑥 − 10 = 0
6𝑥 − 𝑥 − 10 = 0
5𝑥 = 10
𝑥=2
𝑦 = 3(2) = 6
∴ 𝐵(2; 6)

Showing that AB is perpendicular to 2𝑦 − 𝑥 − 10 = 0 , 𝐴(3; 4)

Let the gradient of AB be 𝑚_1
6−4
𝑚_1 = = −2
2−3

1 1
𝑚2 = 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10
2 2

𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
1
× −2 = −1 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛
2

2. a) Partial variation
𝐶 = ℎ + 𝑘𝐹
When 𝐶 = 53 ; 𝐹 = 10

53 = ℎ + 10𝑘 … … 𝑖)
When 𝐶 = 68 ; 𝐹 = 15
68 = ℎ + 15𝑘 … … 𝑖𝑖)
Solving simultaneously
53 = ℎ + 10𝑘 … … 𝑖)
68 = ℎ + 15𝑘 … … 𝑖𝑖)

15 = 5𝑘
𝑘=3

ℎ = 53 − 10(3)
= 23
The equation connecting C and F
𝐶 = 23 + 3𝐹

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b) Finding the total cost when 𝐹 = $71,25

𝐶 = 23 + 3(71,25) = $236.25

3. Showing that
4𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 )
𝑇𝑎𝑛4𝜃 =
1 − 6𝑡 2 + 𝑡 4

Using Demoivre’s theorem

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏𝜽 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏𝜽 = (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝒏

𝒄𝒐𝑠4𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)4

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃(𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) + 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃(𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)3 + (𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)4
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 + 𝑖4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 𝑖4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃 − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑖4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑖4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃 𝐼𝑚(𝑧)
𝑇𝑎𝑛4𝜃 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)
4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 + 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃
4𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃
−
𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃 6𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃
4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
+ 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃

4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃
=
1 + 6𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝜃

4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)
= 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1 + 6𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝜃

4𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 )
= 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
1 + 6𝑡 2 + 𝑡 4

b) Proving that
1 1 1
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (4𝜃 − 𝜋) = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
4 239 5

1 1 2
4 (5) (1 − (5) ) 120
𝑇𝑎𝑛4𝜃 = =
1 2 1 4 119
1− 6 (5) + (5)

𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴 ± 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝐴 ± 𝐵) =
1 ∓ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐵

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𝜋
1 𝑇𝑎𝑛4𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 4 )
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (4𝜃 − 𝜋) = 𝜋
4 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
4
120
−1
= 119120
1 + 119 (1)
1
(119)
= 239
( )
119
1
= 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
239

4. The eleventh term is of 𝐴. 𝑃 is 33 , the first, third and ninth term are terms of 𝐴. 𝑃 which form consecutive
terms of a 𝐺. 𝑃

General term of 𝐴. 𝑃
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇11 = 𝑎 + 10𝑑 = 33
𝑇1 = 𝑎
𝑇3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑
𝑇9 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑

Consecutive terms of 𝐺. 𝑃

𝑎 ; 𝑎 + 2𝑑 ; 𝑎 + 8𝑑

Geometric mean for consecutive term 𝑎 ; 𝑏 ; 𝑐

𝑏 = √𝑎𝑐

𝑎 + 2𝑑 = √(𝑎)(𝑎 + 8𝑑) 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑎 = 33 − 10𝑑

2
(𝑎 + 2𝑑) = (𝑎)(𝑎 + 8𝑑)
(33 − 10𝑑 + 2𝑑)2 = (33 − 10𝑑)(33 − 10𝑑 + 8𝑑)
(33 − 8𝑑)2 = (33 − 10𝑑)(33 − 2𝑑)
1089 − 528𝑑 + 64𝑑2 = 1089 − 66𝑑 − 330𝑑 + 20𝑑2
44𝑑2 − 132𝑑 = 0
44𝑑(𝑑 − 3) = 0
∴𝑑=3 common difference
𝑎 = 33 − 10(3) = 3 first term

Second approach

Common ratio
𝑎 + 2𝑑 𝑎 + 8𝑑
𝑟= =
𝑎 𝑎 + 2𝑑
(𝑎 + 2𝑑)2 = (𝑎)(𝑎 + 8𝑑)
(33 − 10𝑑 + 2𝑑)2 = (33 − 10𝑑)(33 − 10𝑑 + 8𝑑)
(33 − 8𝑑)2 = (33 − 10𝑑)(33 − 2𝑑)

1089 − 528𝑑 + 64𝑑2 = 1089 − 66𝑑 − 330𝑑 + 20𝑑2

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2
44𝑑 − 132𝑑 = 0
44𝑑(𝑑 − 3) = 0
∴𝑑=3 common difference
𝑎 = 33 − 10(3) = 3 first term

The consecutive terms of a G.P are

3 ; 9 ; 27

b) Sum of the first 10 terms of a 𝐺. 𝑃

Common ratio

9 27
𝑟= =3 𝑜𝑟 𝑟= =3
3 9

𝑎(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟 𝑟−1

𝑎(1 − 310 )
𝑆10 = = 29524𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
1−3
Or

𝑎(310 − 1)
𝑆10 = = 29524𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
3−1
Note

Sum of the first 10 terms of an 𝐴. 𝑃

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
2

10
𝑆10 = (2(3) + (3 − 1)3) = 60
2

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5. The Cayley table showing

◊ 𝑻 𝑯 𝑶 𝑬

𝑻 𝑶 𝑯 𝑻 𝑬

𝑯 𝑬 𝑻 𝑯 𝑶

𝑶 𝑻 𝑯 𝑶 𝑬

𝑬 𝑯 𝑶 𝑬 𝑻

a) 𝑇 ◊ 𝐻 = 𝐻

b) Stating whether the operation is commutative and why

The operation is not commutative

Reason
Since all the elements does not reflects in the leading diagonal as shown above (dotted red line)

OR
𝑎◊𝑏 = 𝑏◊𝑎
𝑇◊𝐻 =𝐻◊𝑇 accept the use of other elements
𝐻≠𝐸

c) i) Naming the identity (neutral element)

The identity (𝑒) is 𝑂

Reason

ii) For every element 𝑎 in the set operated by 𝑂 its does not change it

𝑖. 𝑒 𝑎 ◊ 𝑒 = 𝑎

d) Inverse for each element

𝑎 ∗ 𝑎−1 = 𝑒
𝑇 −1 = 𝑇 self-inverse
−1
𝐻 =𝐸
𝐸 −1 = 𝐻

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−1
𝑂 = 𝑂 self-inverse

e) (𝑇 ◊ 𝐻) ◊ 𝑂 = 𝑇 ◊ (𝐻 ◊ 𝑂)
𝐻◊𝑂 =𝑇◊𝐻
𝐻=𝐻 TRUE
Reason
The operation is associative i.e provided the order of operating 𝑇 , 𝐻, 𝑂 is maintained the result
does not change despite on which two adjacent elements are combined first
Or Accept other conclusions

SECTION B
6. 𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 𝑦 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= −6𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = −4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 2
= = 𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝜃
𝑑𝑥 −6𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 3

Gradient of the tangent

𝑑𝑦 2 𝜋 2
𝑚1 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑡2 ( ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝜋 3 8 3
8

Gradient of the normal

𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
2
× 𝑚2 = −1
3
3
𝑚2 = −
2
Finding the coordinates

𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ( ) 𝑦 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( )
8 8

3√2
𝑥= 𝑦 = −√2
2

Equation of the normal

𝑦 − (−√2) 3
=−
𝑥−
3√2 2
2

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2𝑦 + 2√2 3
=−
2𝑥 − 3√2 2
4𝑦 + 4√2 = −6𝑥 + 9√2
4𝑦 + 6𝑥 = 5√2

b) Evaluating
𝜋
3

∫(2𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃)2
𝜋
6
𝜋 𝜋
3 3

∫(2𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃)2 = ∫ 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝜃
𝜋 𝜋
6 6

Using the identity 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

𝜋 𝜋
3 3

∫ 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝜃 = 4 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝜃 − 1
𝜋 𝜋
6 6
𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃
= 4[ 2
− 𝜃]𝜋3
6

𝜋 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ( ) 𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ( ) 𝜋
3 6
= 4[ − ]− 4[ − ]
2 3 2 6

2𝜋
= −4√3 −
3

c) Sketching the graph of 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃

Transformations from the graph of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1
• A stretch parallel to the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 by a factor 2
• Followed by a stretch parallel to the y−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 by a factor 2

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𝑦

𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
0 𝜃
4 2 4

3+5𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
7. (a) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = (2+𝑥)(1+𝑥)2 = 2+𝑥 + 1+𝑥 + (1+𝑥)2
3 + 5𝑥 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑥)2 + 𝐵(2 + 𝑥)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶(2 + 𝑥)
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −1
−2 = 𝐶(1)
−2 = 𝐶
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −2
−7 = 𝐴
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 0
3 = 𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 2𝐶
7=𝐵

−7 7 2
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = + −
2 + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)2

−7 7 2
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2+𝑥 + 1+𝑥 − (1+𝑥)2
−7 7 2
𝑓(𝑥) = + −
2 (1 + 2)
𝑥 1 + 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)2
−7 𝑥 −1
= (1 + ) + 7(1 + 𝑥)−1 − 2(1 + 𝑥)−2
2 2

−7 𝑥 −1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑔(𝑥) = (1 + )
2 2

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7 𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥 3
= − [1 − + ( ) − ( ) ]
2 2 2 2
7 7𝑥 7𝑥 2 7𝑥 3
=− + − +
2 4 8 16

𝐿𝑒𝑡 ℎ(𝑥) = 7(1 + 𝑥)−1

= 7(1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 )
= 7 − 7𝑥 + 7𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 3

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥) = −2(1 + 𝑥)−2

−2(−3) 2 −2(−3)(−4) 3
= −2 [1 + (−2)𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 ]
2! 3!
= −2[1 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 3 ]
= −2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 3
𝑁𝑜𝑤
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑝(𝑥)
7 7𝑥 7𝑥 2 7𝑥 3
=− + − + + 7 − 7𝑥 + 7𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 3 − 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 3
2 4 8 16
3 5 𝑥 2 15𝑥 3
= − 𝑥+ +
2 4 8 8
3+5𝑥
(c) ∫ (2+𝑥)(1+𝑥)2
−7 7 2
=∫ + − 𝑑𝑥
2 + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)2
−7 7
=∫ +∫ − ∫ 2(1 + 𝑥)−2
2+𝑥 1+𝑥
2
= −7 ln(2 + 𝑥) + 7 ln(1 + 𝑥) + +𝑐
1+𝑥
3 5 𝑥2 15𝑥 3
(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 4 𝑥 + 8
+ 8
5 𝑥 45
𝑓′(𝑥) = − + + 𝑥 2
4 4 8
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0
5 0 45
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − + + (0)2
4 4 8
5
=−
4

−1 −1 1 −3 2 −1
8. (a) 𝐴 = ( 0 −1 3) 𝐵 = ( 2 −1 3 )
2 1 2 −1 1 1

−1 −1 1 −3 2 −1
AB = ( 0 −1 3) ( 2 −1 3 )
2 1 2 −1 1 1

(3 − 2 − 1) (−2 + 1 + 1) (1 − 3 + 1)
= ( 0−2−3 0+1+3 0−3+3 )
−6 + 2 − 2 4−1+2 −2 + 3 + 2

0 0 −1
= (−5 4 0)
−6 5 3

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4 3 1
(b) 𝐶 = (2 −1 3)
1 0 1
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 det 𝐶
−1 3 2 3 2 −1
det 𝐶 = 4 | | − 3| |+ 1| |
0 1 1 1 1 0
= 4(−1) − 3(−1) + 1(1)
= −4 + 3 + 1
=0
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 det 𝐶 = 0, 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟

−1 −1 1
(c) (i) 𝐴 = ( 0 −1 3)
2 1 2
−1 3 0 3 0 −1
det 𝐴 = −1 | | − (−1) | |+ 1| |
1 2 2 2 2 1
= −1(−5) − (−1)(−6) + 1(2)
=1

(c) (ii) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐾 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

−5 6 2
−1 1 −1 1 −1 −1
−| | +| | −| |
𝐾= 1 2 2 2 2 1
−1 1 −1 1 −1 −1
[+ |−1 3| − | 0 3
| +|
0 −1 ]
|
−5 6 2
𝐾 = ( 3 −4 −1)
−2 3 1

−5 3 −2
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 = ( 6 −4 3 )
2 −1 1

1 −5 3 −2 −5 3 −2
∴ 𝐴−1 = ( 6 −4 3 ) = ( 6 −4 3 )
1
2 −1 1 2 −1 1
8 (d)
−𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
−𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8
−1 −1 1 𝑥 1
( 0 −1 3) (𝑦) = (8)
2 1 2 𝑧 8

−1 −1 1 𝑥 1
−1
𝐴 ( 0 −1 3) (𝑦) = 𝐴−1 (8)
2 1 2 𝑧 8

𝑥 −5 3 −2 1
∴ (𝑦) = ( 6 −4 3 ) (8)
𝑧 2 −1 1 8
𝑥 3
(𝑦) = (−2)
𝑧 2

∴ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −2 , 𝑧=2

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0 3 𝑥 𝑥′
9. (a) ( ) (𝑦) = ( ′ )
1 −2 𝑦
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (𝑥; 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑥′ 0 3 𝑥
( ′) = ( )( )
𝑦 1 −2 𝑚𝑥 +𝑐
𝑥′ 3𝑚𝑥 + 3𝑐
( ′) = ( )
𝑦 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 − 2𝑐
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒.
∴ 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 − 2𝑐 = 𝑚(3𝑚𝑥 + 3𝑐) + 𝑐
𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 − 2𝑐 = 3𝑚2 𝑥 + 3𝑚𝑐 + 𝑐
0 = 3𝑚2 𝑥 + 2𝑚𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3𝑚𝑐 + 3𝑐
0 = (3𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 1)𝑥 + 3𝑐(𝑚 + 1)
𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦
(3𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 1) = 0 𝑜𝑟 3𝑐
=0 𝑜𝑟 (𝑚 + 1) = 0
3𝑚2 + 3𝑚 − 𝑚 − 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑐
=0 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −1
3𝑚(𝑚 + 1) − 1(𝑚 + 1) = 0
1
𝑚 = −1 𝑜𝑟
3
1
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑚 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 0
3
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
1
𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦= 𝑥
3

𝐴𝐿𝑇𝐸𝑅𝑁𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁

0 3 𝑥 𝑥′
( ) (𝑦) = ( ′ )
1 −2 𝑦
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (𝑥; 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑞
𝑥′ 0 3 𝑥
( ′) = ( )( )
𝑦 1 −2 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥′ 3𝑚𝑥 + 3𝑐
( ′) = ( )
𝑦 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 − 2𝑐
𝑥 ′ = 3𝑚𝑥 + 3𝑐 … 𝑒𝑞 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 − 2𝑐
𝑦 ′ = (1 − 2𝑚)𝑥 − 2𝑐 … 𝑒𝑞2

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞 1
𝑥 ′ − 3𝑐 = 3𝑚𝑥
𝑥 ′ − 3𝑐
=𝑥
3𝑚
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞 2
𝑥 ′ − 3𝑐
𝑦 ′ = (1 − 2𝑚) ( ) − 3𝑐
3𝑚
3𝑚𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 ′ − 3𝑐 − 2𝑚𝑥 ′ + 6𝑚𝑐 − 2𝑐
3𝑚𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 ′ (1 − 2𝑚) + 6𝑚𝑐 − 5𝑐

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𝑥 ′ (1 − 2𝑚) 6𝑚𝑐 − 5𝑐
𝑦′ = +
3𝑚 3𝑚
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠
(1 − 2𝑚) 6𝑚𝑐 − 5𝑐
𝑦= 𝑥+
3𝑚 3𝑚
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ≡ 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
(1 − 2𝑚) 6𝑚𝑐 − 5𝑐
∴ 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ≡ 𝑥+
3𝑚 3𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
(1 − 2𝑚)
𝑜𝑓 𝑥 → 𝑚 =
3𝑚
3𝑚2 = 1 − 2𝑚
3𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 1 = 0
3𝑚2 + 3𝑚 − 𝑚 − 1 = 0
3𝑚(𝑚 + 1) − 1(𝑚 + 1) = 0
1
𝑚 = −1 𝑜𝑟
3
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠
6𝑚𝑐 − 5𝑐
𝑐=
3𝑚
𝑐 = 0 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠

1
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑚 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 0
3
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
1
𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦= 𝑥
3

9(b) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 (𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷) = 𝐿 × 𝑊

𝑁𝐵: 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 6 × 2
= 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = −2(−3) − 0(1)
=6

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝐴′ 𝐵′ 𝐶 ′ 𝐷′ ) = det 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

= 6 × 12
= 72 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2

10. (a)
𝑑𝑦 24
= −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 24𝑥 −3 − 3 𝑑𝑥
12
𝑦=− − 3𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 16

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12
∴ 16 = − 3(1) + 𝑐
12
𝑐 = 31
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠
12
𝑦 = − 2 − 3𝑥 + 31
𝑥

𝑑𝜃
(b) 𝑑𝑡
= −𝑘(𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 )
𝑑𝜃
= −𝑘(𝜃 − −20)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃
= −𝑘(𝜃 + 20)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃
= −𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝜃 + 20
𝑑𝜃
∫ = ∫ −𝑘 𝑑𝑡
𝜃 + 20

ln(𝜃 + 20) = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐

𝜃 + 20 = 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡+𝑐

𝜃 + 20 = 𝑒 𝑐 . 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡

𝜃 = −20 + 𝑒 𝑐 . 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑒 𝑐
∴ 𝜃 = −20 + 𝐴𝑒 −𝑘𝑡

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = 100, 𝑡 = 0

∴ 100 = −20 + 𝐴𝑒 −𝑘(0)

100 = −20 + 𝐴
𝐴 = 120
𝑁𝑜𝑤

𝜃 = −20 + 120𝑒 −𝑘𝑡

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3, 𝜃 = 70
∴ 70 = −20 + 120𝑒 −3𝑘
4
𝑒 3𝑘 =
3
4
3𝑘 = 𝑙𝑛
3

1 4
𝑘 = ln
3 3
−𝑡 4
𝜃 = −20 + 120𝑒 3 ln3

−𝑡
4 3
𝜃 = −20 + 120 ( )
3

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120
𝜃 = −20 + 𝑡
4 3
( )
3
−𝑡
4 3
b (ii) 𝜃 = −20 + 120 (3)
−𝑡
4 3
50 = −20 + 120 ( )
3
−𝑡
7 4 3
=( )
12 3

7 −𝑡 4
ln = ln
12 3 3
7
−3 ln
12
𝑡= 4
ln 3

= 5.620751715

= 5.6 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑡𝑜 1 𝑑𝑝)

2 1
11. (a) 𝑂𝐴 = (2) 𝑂𝐵 = (4)
1 2
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴

1 2
𝐴𝐵 = (4) − (2)
2 1

−1
=( 2 )
1

∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞 𝑖𝑠

2 −1
𝑟 = (2) + 𝜆 ( 2 )
1 1

1 2 −1
(b) 𝑟. (−2) = 6 … 𝑒𝑞1 𝑟 = (2) + 𝜆 ( 2 ) … 𝑒𝑞2
2 1 1

2−𝜆
𝑟 = (2 + 2𝜆) … 𝑒𝑞2
1+𝜆
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑖𝑛 1
2−𝜆 1
(2 + 2𝜆) (−2) = 6
1+𝜆 2
2 − 𝜆 − 4 − 4𝜆 + 2 + 2𝜆 = 6
−3𝜆 = 6

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𝜆 = −2

2 − −2
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑂𝐶 = ( + 2(−2))
2
1 + (−2)
4
= (−2)
−1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 (4; −2; −1)

(c)
1 −1
(−2) . ( 2 )
sin 𝜃 = 2 1
√12 + (−2)2 + 22 . √(−1)2 + (2)2 + 12
−3
=
3√6
−1
𝜃 = sin−1 (| |)
√6
𝐴𝐶𝑈𝑇𝐸 𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐿𝐸 𝜃 = 24.09484255

∴ 𝑂𝐵𝑇𝑈𝑆𝐸 𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐿𝐸 𝜃 = 180 − 24.09484255

= 155.9051574
= 155.9°(𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 0.1°)

𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑦+𝑐𝑧−𝑑
(d) 𝐷 = | |
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
1(1) + (−2)(4) + 2(2) − 6
=| |
√12 + (−2)2 + 22

−9
| |
√9

|−3|

= 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐸𝑃𝑇 𝑂𝑇𝐻𝐸𝑅 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝐴𝑁𝑇 𝐴𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐻𝐸𝑆

1
12. (a) (i) 𝑦=
√𝑥
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
1
𝑦=
√1
𝑦=1
∴ 𝑃(1; 1)
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 3
1
𝑦=
√3
√3
𝑦=
3
√3
∴ Q (3; )
3

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𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄, 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑃(1; 1)

√3
3
− 1
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 =
3−1

−3 + √3
=
6
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄 𝑖𝑠
−3 + √3
𝑦−1= (𝑥 − 1)
6

−3 + √3 9 − √3
𝑦= 𝑥+
6 6

3 −3+√3 9−√3
(a) (ii) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫1 6
𝑥+ 6
𝑑𝑥
−3 + √3 2 9 − √3 3
=[ 𝑥 + 𝑥]
12 6
1

−3 + √3 9 − √3 −3 + √3 9 − √3
=[ (3)2 + (3)] − [ (1)2 + (1)]
12 6 12 6

9 + √3 15 − √3
= −
4 12

3 + √3
=
3

3 −3+√3 9−√3 3 1
(a) iii 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫1 6
𝑥+ 6
𝑑𝑥 − ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
3
3 + √3 1
= − ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
3
1

3 + √3 3
= − [2√𝑥]
3
1

3 + √3
= − [2√3 − 2√1]
3

9 − 5√3
=
3
1
(b) 𝑦=
√𝑥
3−1
ℎ=
5−1
= 0.5
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 TROTTER THE STALLION +263774998145 thwatirera@gmail.com
𝑁𝑜𝑤
𝑥1 = 1
𝑥2 = 1.5
𝑥3 = 2
𝑥4 = 2.5
𝑥5 = 3

𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑦
𝑦1 = 1
1
𝑦2 =
√1.5

1
𝑦3 =
√2

1
𝑦4 =
√2.5

1
𝑦5 =
√3

𝑁𝑜𝑤

0.5 1 1 1 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = [1 + + 2( + + )]
2 √3 √1.5 √2 √2.5
= 1.472367014
= 1.47 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2 (𝑡𝑜 3. 𝑠. 𝑓)

3 1 2
(c) 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝜋 ∫1 ( 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
√
3
1
= 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1

3
= [𝜋 ln 𝑥]
1

= 𝜋 ln 3 − 𝜋 ln 1

= 𝜋 ln 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3

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