statements is true.

~p would be : A week does not have seven days,

which is false. q is false since there are 24 hours in a
2-2 Logic day, not 20 hours in a day. Then ~p or q is false,
because both ~p and q are false.

Use the following statements to write a 5.

compound statement for each conjunction or
disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain SOLUTION:
your reasoning. is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if at least
p : A week has seven days. one of the statements is true.
q: There are 20 hours in a day. p is true since a week has seven days. r is true, since
r: There are 60 minutes in an hour. there are 60 minutes in an hour.Thus, is true,
1. p and r because p is true and r is true.
SOLUTION:
6.
p and r is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. p is true SOLUTION:
since a week has seven day. r is true since there are ~p and ~r indicate the negation of statements p and
60 minutes in an hour. Then p and r is true, because r. Then find the disjunction . A disjunction is
both p and r are true. true if at least one of the statements is true.
~p is : A week does not have seven days, which is
2. false. ~r is : There are not 60 minutes in an hour,
which is false. Then is false, because both
SOLUTION:
~p and ~r are false.
is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. p is true 7. Copy and complete the truth table at the right.
since a week has seven day. q is false since there
are 24 hours in a day, not 20 hours in a day. Thus,
is false, because p is true and q is false.

3.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if at least
~q is the negation of q or the opposite truth value. If
one of the statements is true. q is false, since there
q is T, then ~q is F, and when q is F ~q is T.
are 24 hours in a day, not 20 hours. However, r is
true since there there are 60 minutes in an hour. The ∨ indicate a is a disjunction. A disjunction is true
if at least one of the statements is true or it will only
Thus, is true, since at least one of them is true,
be false if both statements are false. When p is T
r.
and ~q is F, p ∨~q is T, or when p is T and ~q is T,
4. p ∨~q is T, when p is F and ~q is T, p ∨~q is T, or
when p is F and ~q is F, p ∨~q is F.
SOLUTION:
~p is a negation of statement p, or the opposite of
statement p. The or in ~p or q indicates a
disjunction. A disjunction is true if at least one of the
statements is true.
~p would be : A week does not have seven days,
which is false. q is false since there are 24 hours in a
day, not 20 hours in a day. Then ~p or q is false,
because both ~p and q are false. Construct a truth table for each compound
statement.
5. 8.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if at least This statement is interpreted as p and q. is a
one of the statements is true. conjunction. A conjunction is true only when both
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
p is true since a week has seven days. r is true, since statements that form it are true
there are 60 minutes in an hour.Thus, is true,
because p is true and r is true.
2-2 Logic

Construct a truth table for each compound 10. CLASSES Refer to the Venn diagram that
statement. represents the foreign language classes students
8. selected in high school.
a. How many students chose only Spanish?
SOLUTION:
b. How many students chose Spanish and
This statement is interpreted as p and q. is a French?
conjunction. A conjunction is true only when both c. Describe the class(es) the three people in the
statements that form it are true nonintersecting portion of the French region chose.

SOLUTION:
9.
a. The students that chose only Spanish are
SOLUTION: represented by numbers in the Spanish circle, that
This statement is interpreted as: not p or not q. are not in the intersection with French. There are 89
Negate both p and q. Then find the disjunction. A students chose only Spanish
disjunction is true if at least one of the statements is b. The students that chose both French and Spanish
true. are represented by the intersection of the sets .
There are 5 students who chose Spanish and French.
c. The students that chose only French are
represented by numbers in the French circle, that are
not in the intersection with Spanish. There are three
students who chose to take only French classes.

Use the following statements and figure to write

a compound statement for each conjunction or
disjunction. Then find its
10. CLASSES Refer to the Venn diagram that truth value. Explain your reasoning.
represents the foreign language classes students p: is the angle bisector of .
selected in high school. q: Points C, D, and B are collinear.
a. How many students chose only Spanish?
b. How many students chose Spanish and
French?
c. Describe the class(es) the three people in the
nonintersecting portion of the French region chose.

11. p and r
SOLUTION:
p and r is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. p is that
is the angle bisector of which is true. r is
SOLUTION: , which is true. Thus, p and r is true
a. The students that chose only Spanish are because p is true and r is true.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
represented by numbers in the Spanish circle, that
are not in the intersection with French. There are 89 12. q or p
students chose only Spanish
 There are 5 students who chose Spanish and French.
r is true since . The negation of p is
c. The students that chose only French are
represented by numbers in the French circle, that are is not the angle bisector of , which is
2-2 Logic
not in the intersection with Spanish. There are three false. Thus, r or ~p is true because r is true and ~p
students who chose to take only French classes. is false.

Use the following statements and figure to write 14. r and q

a compound statement for each conjunction or
disjunction. Then find its SOLUTION:
truth value. Explain your reasoning. r and q is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
p: is the angle bisector of . when both statements that form it are true. r is true
q: Points C, D, and B are collinear. since . q is false, since points C, D, and B
are not collinear. Thus r and q is false because r is
true and q is false.

15.
SOLUTION:
Negate both p and r and find the disjunction. A
disjunction is true if at least one of the statements is
11. p and r
true.
SOLUTION:
p and r is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only ~p is is not the angle bisector of , which
when both statements that form it are true. p is that is false. ~r is is not congruent to , which is
is the angle bisector of which is true. r is false. Thus, ~p or ~r is false because ~p is false and
, which is true. Thus, p and r is true ~r is false.
because p is true and r is true.
16.

12. q or p SOLUTION:
Negate both p and r and find the conjunction. A
SOLUTION: conjunction is true only when both statements that
q or p is a is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if at form it are true.
least one of the statements is true. q is false since
points C, D, and B are not collinear. p is true since
~p is is not the angle bisector of , which
is the angle bisector of . Thus, q or p is
is false. ~r is and is not congruent to ,
true because q is false and p is true.
which is false. Thus, ~p and ~r is false because ~p
13. is false and ~r is false.

SOLUTION: CCSS REASONING

Use the following statements to write a
Negate p , then find the disjunction .A compound statement for each conjunction or
disjunction is true if at least one of the statements is disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain
true. your reasoning.
r is true since . The negation of p is p : Springfield is the capital of Illinois.
is not the angle bisector of , which is q: Illinois borders the Atlantic Ocean.
false. Thus, r or ~p is true because r is true and ~p r: Illinois shares a border with Kentucky.
is false. s: Illinois is to the west of Missouri.

14. r and q
SOLUTION:
r and q is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. r is true
since . q is false, since points C, D, and B
are not collinear. Thus r and q is false because r is
true and q is false. 17.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

15. SOLUTION:
is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
 true.
~p is is not the angle bisector of , which ~r is Illinois does not share a border with Kentucky,
is false. ~r is and is not congruent to , which is false. s is Illinois is to the west of Missouri,
which is false. Thus, ~p and ~r is false because ~p
2-2 Logic which is false. Then is false because ~r is
is false and ~r is false. false and s is false.

CCSS REASONING 20.

Use the following statements to write a
compound statement for each conjunction or SOLUTION:
disjunction. Then find its truth value. Explain is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if at least
your reasoning. one of the statements is true.
p : Springfield is the capital of Illinois. r is Illinois shares a border with Kentucky, which is
q: Illinois borders the Atlantic Ocean. true. q is Illinois borders the Atlantic Ocean, which is
r: Illinois shares a border with Kentucky. false. Then is true because r is true and q is
s: Illinois is to the west of Missouri. false.

21.
SOLUTION:
Negate both p and r and find the conjunction
. A conjunction is true only when both
statements that form it are true.
~p is Springfield is not the capital of Illinois, which is
17. false, ~r is and Illinois does not share a border with
Kentucky, which is false. Then is false
SOLUTION: because ~p is false and ~r is false
is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. 22.
p is Springfield is the capital of Illinois, which is true. SOLUTION:
r is Illinois shares a border with Kentucky, which is
Negate both s and p and find the
true. Then is true because p is true and r is
disjunction . A disjunction is true if at least
true.
one of the statements is true.
~s is Illinois is not to the west of Missouri, which is
18. true. ~p is Springfield is not the capital of Illinois,
SOLUTION: which is false. Then is true because ~s is
true and ~p is false.
is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. Copy and complete each truth table.
p is Springfield is the capital of Illinois, which is true.
q is Illinois borders the Atlantic Ocean, which is
false. Then. is false because p is true and q is
false.

19. 23.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Negate r and find the disjunction .A Add values to the column for q so that each pair of p
disjunction is true if at least one of the statements is and q are distinct.
true. ~p ∧ q indicated a conjunction. A conjunction is true
~r is Illinois does not share a border with Kentucky, only when both statements that form it are true. ~p
which is false. s is Illinois is to the west of Missouri, ∧ q is only true when ~p is true and q is true.
which is false. Then is false because ~r is
false and s is false.

20.
SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if at least
one of the statements is true.
 one of the statements is true.
~s is Illinois is not to the west of Missouri, which is
true. ~p is Springfield is not the capital of Illinois,
which is false. Then
2-2 Logic is true because ~s is
true and ~p is false.

Copy and complete each truth table. Construct a truth table for each compound
statement.
25.
SOLUTION:
Write the values T and F for p and r so that each
23. pair are distinct.
p∧ r is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
SOLUTION:
when both statements that form it are true. Then p ∧
Add values to the column for q so that each pair of p
r will only be true with both p and r are true.
and q are distinct.
~p ∧ q indicated a conjunction. A conjunction is true
only when both statements that form it are true. ~p
∧ q is only true when ~p is true and q is true.

26.
SOLUTION:
Add values T and F for r and q so that each pair are
distinct.
r ∧ q is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. r ∧ q will
only be true with both r and q are true.
24.
SOLUTION:
Add values to the column for q so that each pair of p
and q are distinct.
Negate both p and q. Negation means the opposite
meaning or opposite truth value. If q is true then ~q
is false. 27.
~p ∨ ~q indicated a disjunction. A disjunction is true SOLUTION:
if at least one of the statements is true. ~p ∨ q is Add values T and F for p and r so that each pair are
true at all times except with ~p and ~q are both distinct. p ∨ r is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if
false.
at least one of the statements is true. p ∨ r will be
true for all values except when both r and p are
false.

Construct a truth table for each compound

statement.
25.
28.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Write the values T and F for p and r so that each
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Add values T and F for q and r so that each pairPage are 5
pair are distinct.
distinct. q ∨ r is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if
p∧ r is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
at least one of the statements is true. q ∨ r will be
when both statements that form it are true. Then p ∧
2-2 Logic

28. 30.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Add values T and F for q and r so that each pair are Add T and F to the columns for q and r so that each
distinct. q ∨ r is a disjunction. A disjunction is true if pair distinct. Negate both q and r. To negate, find the
at least one of the statements is true. q ∨ r will be opposite truth value. If q is T, then ~q is F. ~q ∧ ~r
true for all values except when both q and r are is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only when both
false. statements that form it are true. Thus, ~q ∧ ~r is
only true when ~q and~ r are true.

29.
SOLUTION: 31. WATER SPORTS Refer to the Venn diagram that
Add values T and F for p and r so that each pair are represents the number of students who swim and
distinct. dive at a high school.
Negate p . This means, find the opposite truth value.
~p ∨ r is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only
when both statements that form it are true. ~p ∨ r
will be true only when both ~p and r are true.

a. How many students dive?

b. How many students participate in swimming or
diving or both?
c. How many students swim and dive?
SOLUTION:
30. a. The number of students that dive are represented
by the students in the dive circle which is made up of
SOLUTION: students that do both and only dive. The number of
Add T and F to the columns for q and r so that each students who participate in both activities is 3 and the
pair distinct. Negate both q and r. To negate, find the number of students who participate only in diving is
opposite truth value. If q is T, then ~q is F. ~q ∧ ~r 4.
is a conjunction. A conjunction is true only when both So, the number of students participate in diving is 3 +
statements that form it are true. Thus, ~q ∧ ~r is 4 or 7.
only true when ~q and~ r are true.
b. To find the students that do either or both, find the
union of the sets. The number of students who
participate in swimming or diving or both is 19 + 3 +
4 or 26.

c. To find the number of students that participate in

both activities, find the intersection. The number of
students who participate in both activities is 3.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
32. CCSS REASONING Venus has switches at the top
31. WATER SPORTS Refer to the Venn diagram that
and bottom of her stairs to control the light for the
represents the number of students who swim and
stairwell. She notices that when the upstairs switch is
 4 or 26.

c. To find the number of students that participate in

2-2 Logic both activities, find the intersection. The number of
students who participate in both activities is 3.

31. WATER SPORTS Refer to the Venn diagram that 32. CCSS REASONING Venus has switches at the top
represents the number of students who swim and and bottom of her stairs to control the light for the
dive at a high school. stairwell. She notices that when the upstairs switch is
up and the downstairs switch is down, the light is
turned on.
a. Copy and complete the truth table.

a. How many students dive?

b. How many students participate in swimming or
diving or both?
b. If both the upstairs and downstairs switches are in
c. How many students swim and dive?
the up position, will the light be on? Explain your
SOLUTION: reasoning.
a. The number of students that dive are represented c. If the upstairs switch is in the down position and
by the students in the dive circle which is made up of the downstairs switch is in the up position, will the
students that do both and only dive. The number of light be on?
students who participate in both activities is 3 and the d. In general, how should the two switches be
number of students who participate only in diving is positioned so that the light is on?
4.
SOLUTION:
So, the number of students participate in diving is 3 +
4 or 7. a.

b. To find the students that do either or both, find the

union of the sets. The number of students who
participate in swimming or diving or both is 19 + 3 +
4 or 26.

c. To find the number of students that participate in

both activities, find the intersection. The number of b. Since the light is on when the upstairs switch is up
students who participate in both activities is 3. and the downstairs switch is down, when both
switches are up, the value is false in the light on
32. CCSS REASONING Venus has switches at the top column.
and bottom of her stairs to control the light for the c. Since the light is on when the upstairs switch is up
stairwell. She notices that when the upstairs switch is and the downstairs switch is down when the upstairs
up and the downstairs switch is down, the light is switch is down and the downstairs switch is up, the
turned on. value is true in the light on column.
a. Copy and complete the truth table. d. The light is on when switches are in opposite
positions.

33. ELECTRONICS A group of 330 teens were

surveyed about what type of electronics they used.
They chose from a cell phone, a portable media
player, and a DVR. The results are shown in the
Venn diagram.
b. If both the upstairs and downstairs switches are in
a. How many teens used only a portable media
the up position, will the light be on? Explain your
player and DVR?
reasoning.
b. How many said they used all three types of
c. If the upstairs switch is in the down position and
electronics?
the downstairs switch is in the up position, will the
eSolutions c. How many said they used only a cell phone? Page 7
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d. In general, how should the two switches be d. How many teens said they used only a portable
positioned so that the light is on? media player and a cell phone?
 and the downstairs switch is down when the upstairs cell phone, find the intersection of MP3 and cell
switch is down and the downstairs switch is up, the phone, but not DVR. The number of teens who used
value is true in the light on column. both a portable media player and cell phone is 20.
d. The light is on when switches are in opposite
2-2 Logic e . The students outside the circles do not use a
positions. portable media player, DVR or cell phones.

33. ELECTRONICS A group of 330 teens were Construct a truth table for each compound
surveyed about what type of electronics they used. statement. Determine the truth value of each
They chose from a cell phone, a portable media compound statement if the given statements
player, and a DVR. The results are shown in the are true.
Venn diagram. 34.
a. How many teens used only a portable media
player and DVR? SOLUTION:
b. How many said they used all three types of is a conjunction. A conjunction is true
electronics? only when all the statements that form it are true.
c. How many said they used only a cell phone? First find , then find .
d. How many teens said they used only a portable
media player and a cell phone?
e . Describe the electronics that the 10 teens outside
of the regions own.

If p and q are true, then the statement is true if r is

true false if r is false.

35.

SOLUTION:
is the conjunction of a disjunction.
SOLUTION:
First negate q. Then find the disjunction with r. It will
a. To find the number that only used both a portable be true when either ~q or r are true. Then find the
media player and DVR, find the intersection of a conjunction with p . It will be true with both p and
portable media player and DVR, but no cell phone. is true.
The number who used both media player and DVR
is 50.
b. To find the number that used all three, find the
intersection of all three. There are 40 that use all
three.
c. To find the number that only used cell phones,
find the number that are in cell phone but not in a
portable media player or DVR. The number who
used only a cell phone is 110. If p and r are true, then the statement is true.
d. To find the number that only used both media and
cell phone, find the intersection of MP3 and cell 36.
phone, but not DVR. The number of teens who used
both a portable media player and cell phone is 20. SOLUTION:
e . The students outside the circles do not use a Negate p . Then find its disjunction with q.
portable media player, DVR or cell phones. will be true when either ~ p or q are true. Then find
Construct a truth table for each compound the conjunction . The conjunction is
statement. Determine the truth value of each true only if is true and r is true.
compound statement if the given statements
are true.
34.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

SOLUTION:
 If p , q, and r are true, then the given statement is
2-2 Logic true.
If p and r are true, then the statement is true.

36. 38.

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Negate p . Then find its disjunction with q. Negate p , q and r finding the opposite truth values.
will be true when either ~ p or q are true. Then find Find the conjunction . It is true when
the conjunction . The conjunction is both ~q and ~r are true. Then find the conjunct
. It is true when both ~p and
true only if is true and r is true.
are true.

If p is true or false, then is true. If p , q, and r are true, then the given statement is
false.
37.
SOLUTION: 39.
Negate both q and r, finding the opposite truth
values. The find the conjunction ~q and ~r. The SOLUTION:
conjunction will be true when both ~q and ~r are Negate p and r finding the opposite truth value. Find
true. Then find the disjunction . It the disjunction . It is true when either ~p
will be true if either p or is true. or q is true. Then find the disjunction
. It is true when or ~r
is true.

If p , q, and r are true, then the given statement is

true.

If r is true or false, then is true.

38.

SOLUTION: 40. CCSS REASONING A travel agency surveyed 70

Negate p , q and r finding the opposite truth values. of their clients who had visited Europe about
Find the conjunction . It is true when international travel. Of the 70 clients who had visited
Europe, 60 had traveled to England, France, or both.
both ~q and ~r are true. Then find the conjunct
Of those 60 clients, 45 had visited England, and 50
. It is true when both ~p and had visited France.
are true. a. Make a Venn diagram to show the results of the
survey.
b. If p represents a client who has visited England
and q represents a client who has visited France,
write a compound statement to represent each area
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero of the Venn diagram. Include the compound Page 9
statements on your Venn diagram.
c. What is the probability that a randomly chosen
 had visited France. both would be p ∧ q. Clients that visited England
a. Make a Venn diagram to show the results of the only would have to exclude the clients that went do
survey. France or ~q. England only clients would be p ∧ ~q.
b. If p represents a client who has visited England
2-2 Logic Clients that visited France only would have to
and q represents a client who has visited France, exclude the clients that went do England or ~q.
write a compound statement to represent each area France only clients would be q ∧ ~p.
of the Venn diagram. Include the compound
statements on your Venn diagram.
c. What is the probability that a randomly chosen
participant in the survey will have visited both
England and France? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
a. Draw a Venn diagram for Europe. Place two
intersecting circles for England and France. Of the
total 70 clients surveyed, 60 traveled to either
England, France or both. Thus, 10 did not. Place the
10 outside the circles. Solve a system of equations to c.
find the other values.
Since 35 of those surveyed have visited both England
and France and there are 70 total survey participants,
the probability that a randomly chosen participant
would have visited both England and France is

41. REASONING Irrational numbers and integers both

belong to the set of real numbers (R). Based upon
x + y + z = 60, x + y = 45, y + z = 50. Then x = the Venn diagram, is it sometimes, always, or never
10, y = 35 and z = 15. true that integers (Z) are irrational numbers (I)?
Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Integers are never irrational numbers. Both belong
to the real number, but they never intersect. Integers
are rational numbers, not irrational.
b. Since p represents a client who has visited
England and q represents a client who has visited CHALLENGE To negate a statement containing
France, then the clients that did not visit either the words all or for every, you can use the phrase at
country would be ~p ∧ ~q. The clients that visited least one or there exists. To negate a statement
containing the phase there exists, use the phrase for
both would be p ∧ q. Clients that visited England
all or for every.
only would have to exclude the clients that went do
p : All polygons are convex.
France or ~q. England only clients would be p ∧ ~q. ~p: At least one polygon is not convex.
Clients that visited France only would have to q: There exists a problem that has no solution. ~q:
exclude the clients that went do England or ~q. For every problem, there is a solution.
France only clients would be q ∧ ~p.
Sometimes these phrases may be implied. For
example, The square of a real number is
nonnegative implies the following conditional and its
negation.
2
p : For every real number x, x ≥ 0.
2
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
~p: There exists a real number x such that x <Page
0 . 10

Use the information given to write the negation

of each statement.
 SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Integers are never irrational numbers. Both belong To negate a statement containing the phrase "every",
to the real number, but they never intersect. Integers
2-2 Logic use the word "no".
are rational numbers, not irrational. No students have classes in C-Wing.

CHALLENGE To negate a statement containing 46. Every real number has a real square root.
the words all or for every, you can use the phrase at
SOLUTION:
least one or there exists. To negate a statement
containing the phase there exists, use the phrase for To negate a statement containing the word "every",
all or for every. use the phrase "there exists" .
p : All polygons are convex. There exists a real number that does not have a real
~p: At least one polygon is not convex. square root.
q: There exists a problem that has no solution. ~q:
47. There exists a segment that has no midpoint.
For every problem, there is a solution.
SOLUTION:
Sometimes these phrases may be implied. For To negate a statement containing the phrase "there
example, The square of a real number is exists", use the word "every".
nonnegative implies the following conditional and its Every segment has a midpoint.
negation.
2 48. WRITING IN MATH Describe a situation that
p : For every real number x, x ≥ 0.
2 might be depicted using the Venn diagram.
~p: There exists a real number x such that x < 0 .

Use the information given to write the negation

of each statement.
42. Every student at Hammond High School has a
locker.
SOLUTION:
To negate a statement containing the word "every",
use the phase "at least one". SOLUTION:
There exists at least one student at Hammond High 100 people were surveyed to see if they liked vanilla,
School that does not have a locker. strawberry, or chocolate ice cream. There were 8
people who only liked strawberry. There were 25
43. All squares are rectangles. people who liked both strawberry and vanilla. There
were 48 people who only liked vanilla, and there
SOLUTION: were 19 people who liked both chocolate and vanilla.
To negate a statement containing the word "all", use
the phase "at least one". 49. OPEN ENDED Write a compound statement that
There exists at least one square that is not a results in a true conjunction.
rectangle.
SOLUTION:
44. There exists a real number x such that For a conjunction to be true, both statements must be
true.
SOLUTION: A triangle has three sides, and a square has four
To negate a statement containing the phrase "there sides. Both are true, so the compound statement is
exists", use the word "every". true.
2
For every real number x, x .
50. Which statement about has the same truth
45. There exists a student who has at least one class in value as AB = BC?
C-Wing.
SOLUTION:
To negate a statement containing the phrase "every",
use the word "no".
No students have classes in C-Wing.
A
46. Every real number has a real square root. B
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero C AC = BC Page 11
SOLUTION:
To negate a statement containing the word "every", D AB = AC
use the phrase "there exists" .
 For a conjunction to be true, both statements must be The area of a triangle is . The base of the
true.
A triangle has three sides, and a square has four triangle is 11 inches and the height is 4 inches, so the
2-2 Logic
sides. Both are true, so the compound statement is area is
2
or 22 in .
true.

50. Which statement about has the same truth 52. STATISTICS The box-and-whisker plot below
value as AB = BC? represents the height of 9th graders at a certain high
school. How much greater was the median height of
the boys than the median height of the girls?

A
B
C AC = BC F 3 inches
D AB = AC G 4 inches
H 5 inches
SOLUTION:
J 6 inches
The statement AB = BC is true since sides are
congruent. We need to identify which statement has SOLUTION:
a truth value of true. Median height of the boys is 63 inches.
The statement for B, has a value of Median height of the girls is 60 inches.
false, since the angles are not equal. Difference = 63 – 60 = 3
The statement for C, AC = BC has a value of false, So, the median height of the boys is 3 inches greater
since the side do not have the same length. than the median height of the girls.
The statement for D, AB = AC has a value of false, The correct option is F.
since the side do not have the same length.
53. SAT/ACT Heather, Teresa, and Nina went shopping
The statement for A, has a value of
for new clothes. Heather spent twice as much as
true, since the angles have the same measure. Thus,
Teresa, and Nina spent three times what Heather
A is the correct choice.
spent. If they spent a total of $300, how much did
51. EXTENDED RESPONSE What is the area of the Teresa spend?
triangle shown below? Explain how you found your A $33.33
answer. B $50.00
C $66.33
D $100.00
E $104.33
SOLUTION:
Let h, t, and n be the amount spent by Heather,
SOLUTION: Teresa, and Nina respectively.
h = 2t
The area of a triangle is . The base of the n = 3h = 3(2t) = 6t
h + t + n = $300
triangle is 11 inches and the height is 4 inches, so the
2
area is or 22 in .
Substitute.
52. STATISTICS The box-and-whisker plot below
represents the height of 9th graders at a certain high
school. How much greater was the median height of
the boys than the median height of the girls? So, Teresa spent about $33.33.
The correct option is A.

54. LUNCH For the past four Tuesdays, Jason’s school

has served chicken sandwiches for lunch. Jason
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero assumes that chicken sandwiches will be servedPage
for 12
lunch on the next Tuesday. What type of reasoning
F 3 inches did he use? Explain.
 rectangular pyramid.
Base:
Faces:
So, Teresa spent about $33.33.
2-2 Logic Edges:
The correct option is A. Vertices: D, E, F, G, H

54. LUNCH For the past four Tuesdays, Jason’s school

has served chicken sandwiches for lunch. Jason
assumes that chicken sandwiches will be served for
lunch on the next Tuesday. What type of reasoning
did he use? Explain. 57.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Inductive; sample answer: Inductive reasoning is It has a triangular base and three or more triangular
reasoning that uses a number of specific examples to faces that meet at a common vertex. So, it is a
arrive at a conclusion. Jason noticed that chicken triangular pyramid.
sandwiches were served for lunch on Tuesday and Base:
assumed that the pattern would continue, therefore
Faces:
he used inductive reasoning.
Edges:
Identify each solid. Name the bases, faces, Vertices: H, K, J, L
edges, and vertices.
ALGEBRA Solve each equation.
58.

SOLUTION:
55.
SOLUTION:
It has two congruent triangular bases. So, it is a
triangular prism.
Bases:
Faces:
Edges:
Vertices:

59.
SOLUTION:

56.
SOLUTION:
It has a rectangular base and three or more triangular
faces that meet at a common vertex. So, it is a
rectangular pyramid.
Base: 60.
Faces:
SOLUTION:
Edges:
Vertices: D, E, F, G, H

57.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13
SOLUTION:
It has a triangular base and three or more triangular
2-2 Logic

60. ALGEBRA Evaluate each expression for the

given values.
SOLUTION: 64. 2y + 3x if y = 3 and x = –1
SOLUTION:
Substitute and .

65. 4d – c if d = 4 and c = 2
SOLUTION:
61. Substitute and
SOLUTION:

66.
SOLUTION:
Substitute and

62. 2x – 7 = 11
SOLUTION:
67.
SOLUTION:
Substitute and

63.

SOLUTION:

ALGEBRA Evaluate each expression for the

given values.
64. 2y +Manual
eSolutions 3x if y- Powered = –1
= 3 andbyx Cognero Page 14

SOLUTION:
Substitute and .