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Law of Universal Gravitation Handout - Jan9

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Newton’s Law Of Universal

Gravitation
Gen Physics 1
Sir Isaac Newton

put forward the


universal law of
gravitation in 1687 and
used it to explain the
observed motions of the
planets and moons.
Universal Law of Gravitation

states that every particle attracts


every other particle in the universe
with force directly proportional to
the product of the masses and
inversely proportional to the square
of the distance between them.
Universal Law of Gravitation
Universal Law of Gravitation
Universal Law of Gravitation- Direction of
Force

G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m2/kg2


Henry Cavendish experimentally determined the precise
value of G.
Example Problem
Calculate the gravitational force
of attraction between the Earth
and a 70 kg man standing at a
sea level, a distance of 6.38 x
106 m from the earth’s centre.
Example Problem
Calculate the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and a 70
kg man standing at a sea level, a distance of 6.38 x 106 m from the earth’s
centre.

Given:
m1 is the mass of the Earth = 5.98 x
1024 kg
m2 is the mass of the man = 70 kg
d = 6.38 x 106 m
G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m2/kg2
Required: Fg
Example Problem
Calculate the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and a 70 kg man
standing at a sea level, a distance of 6.38 x 106 m from the earth’s centre.

Given:
m1 is the mass of the Earth = 5.98 x 1024 kg
m2 is the mass of the man = 70 kg
d = 6.38 x 106 m
G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m2/kg2
Required: Fg
Solution:
Given:
Example Problem
m1 is the mass of the Earth = 5.98 x 1024 kg
m2 is the mass of the man = 70 kg
d = 6.38 x 106 m
G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m2/kg2
Required: Fg
Solution:
Difference between g and G
Why doesn’t the moon crash into the earth?

The forces of speed and gravity are what keeps


the moon in constant orbit around the earth.
the reason the Moon stays in orbit is precise
because of gravity
Is the force of Gravity the same all
over the Earth?

Areas in blue have weaker gravity


while areas in red have slightly
stronger gravity.

 Gravity isn’t the same everywhere on earth.


 Gravity is slightly stronger over the places with more underground mass than
places with less mass.
 NASA uses two spacecraft to measure the variation in the Earth’s gravity.
 These spacecraft are a part of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
(GRACE) mission
Is there gravity in space?

 Gravity is everywhere.
 It gives shape to the orbits of the planets, the solar system, and even
galaxies.
 Gravity from the Sun reaches throughout the solar system and beyond,
keeping the planets in their orbits.
 Gravity from Earth keeps the Moon and human-made satellites in orbit.

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