The document provides classification systems for highway subgrade materials used by AASHTO and for soils using the Unified Soil Classification System. Under AASHTO, materials are classified as granular if less than 35% passes a #200 sieve, and as silt-clay if over 35% passes the #200 sieve. Groups are defined based on sieve analysis and plasticity characteristics. The Unified Soil Classification System defines soil groups based on grain size analysis and Atterberg limits, including groups for gravelly, sandy and silty/clayey soils. Group names further describe soils containing multiple constituents.
The document provides classification systems for highway subgrade materials used by AASHTO and for soils using the Unified Soil Classification System. Under AASHTO, materials are classified as granular if less than 35% passes a #200 sieve, and as silt-clay if over 35% passes the #200 sieve. Groups are defined based on sieve analysis and plasticity characteristics. The Unified Soil Classification System defines soil groups based on grain size analysis and Atterberg limits, including groups for gravelly, sandy and silty/clayey soils. Group names further describe soils containing multiple constituents.
The document provides classification systems for highway subgrade materials used by AASHTO and for soils using the Unified Soil Classification System. Under AASHTO, materials are classified as granular if less than 35% passes a #200 sieve, and as silt-clay if over 35% passes the #200 sieve. Groups are defined based on sieve analysis and plasticity characteristics. The Unified Soil Classification System defines soil groups based on grain size analysis and Atterberg limits, including groups for gravelly, sandy and silty/clayey soils. Group names further describe soils containing multiple constituents.
The document provides classification systems for highway subgrade materials used by AASHTO and for soils using the Unified Soil Classification System. Under AASHTO, materials are classified as granular if less than 35% passes a #200 sieve, and as silt-clay if over 35% passes the #200 sieve. Groups are defined based on sieve analysis and plasticity characteristics. The Unified Soil Classification System defines soil groups based on grain size analysis and Atterberg limits, including groups for gravelly, sandy and silty/clayey soils. Group names further describe soils containing multiple constituents.
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Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials
for Granular Materials (AASHTO) Unified Soil Classification System – Group Symbols for Gravelly Soil General Classification Granular Materials 35% or less of total sample passing N0. 200 (R200 > 50; R4/R200 > 0.5) Group A-1 A-2 Group Criteria Classification A-1-a A-1-b A-3 A-2-4 A-2-5 A-2-6 A-2-7 Symbol Sieve Analysis GW Less than 5% passing No. 200 sieve; Cu = D60/D10 greater than or equal to 4; Cc = (D30)2/(D10 x D60) between (percentage passing) 1 and 3 No.10 50 max GP Less than 5% passing No. 200 sieve; not meeting both criteria for GW No. 40 30 max 50 max 51 min GM More than 12% passing N0. 200 sieve; Atterberg limits plot above A-line or PI < 4 No. 200 15 max 25 max 10 max 35 max 35 max 35 max 35 max GC More than 12% passing N0. 200 sieve; Atterberg limits plot above A-line; PI > 7 Characteristics of GC – GM More than 12% passing N0. 200 sieve; Atterberg limits fall in hatched area marked CL – ML fraction passing No.40 GW – GM Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for GW and GM Liquid Limit 40 max 41 min 40 max 41 min GW – GC Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for GW and GC Plasticity Index 6 max NP 10 max 10 max 11 min 11 min GP – GM Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for GP and GM Usual types of GP – GC Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for GP and GC significant constituent Stone fragments, gravel Fine Silty or clayey gravel and sand materials and sand Sand General subgrade Excellent to good rating
Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials Unified Soil Classification System – Group Symbols for Sandy Soil for Silt-Clay Materials (AASHTO) (R200 > 50; R4/R200 ≤ 0.50) General Classification Silt-clay materials (more than 35% of total sample passing No. 200) Group Criteria Symbol A-7 Group Classification A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7-5a SW Less than 5% passing No. 200 sieve; Cu = D60/D10 greater than or equal to 6; Cc = (D30)2/(D10 x D60) between A-7-6b 1 and 3 Sieve Analysis (percentage passing) SP Less than 5% passing No. 200 sieve; not meeting both criteria for SW No. 10 SM More than 12% passing No. 200 sieve; Atterberg limits plot below A-line or PI < 4 No. 40 SC More than 12% passing No. 200 sieve; Atterberg limits plot above A-line; PI > 7 N0. 200 36 min 36 min 36 min 36 min SC – SM More than 12% passing No. 200 sieve; Atterberg limits fall in hatched area marked CL – ML Characteristics of fraction passing SW – SM Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for SW and SM No. 200 SW – SC Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for SW and SC Liquid Limit 40 max 41 min 40 max 41 min SP – SM Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for SP and SM Plasticity Index 10 max 10 max 11 min 11 min SP – SC Percentage passing No. 200 sieve is 5 to 12; meets the criteria for SP and SC Usual type of significant constituent Silty soils Clayey soils materials General subgrade rating Fair to poor a For A-7-5, PI ≤ LL – 30 b For A-7-6, PI ¿ LL – 30 Unified Soil Classification System – Group Symbols for Silty and Clayey Soils (R200 ≤ 50) Group Names for Gravelly Soil Group Symbol Criteria Group Criteria for Group name CL Inorganic; LL < 50; PI > 7; Atterberg limits plot on or above A- Symbol group name: GF line GW < 15 Well-graded gravel (see CL zone) ≥ 15 Well-graded gravel with sand ML Inorganic; LL < 50; PI < 4 or Atterberg limits plot below A-line GP < 15 Poorly graded gravel (see ML zone) ≥ 15 Poorly graded gravel with sand OL Organic; (LL – oven dried) / (LL – not dried) < 0.75; LL < 50 GM < 15 Silty gravel (see OL zone) ≥ 15 Silty gravel with sand CH Inorganic; LL ≥ 50; Atterberg limits plot on or above A-line GC < 15 Clayey gravel (see CH zone) Clayey gravel with sand ≥ 15 MH Inorganic; LL ≥ 50; Atterberg limits plot below A-line GC-GM < 15 Silty, clayey gravel (see MH zone) ≥ 15 Silty, clayey gravel with sand OH Organic; (LL – oven dried) / (LL – not dried) < 0.75; LL ≥ 50 (see OH zone) GW-GM < 15 Well-graded gravel with silt ≥ 15 Well-graded gravel with silt and sand CL – ML Inorganic; Atterberg limits plot in the hatched zone Pt Peat, muck, and other highly inorganic soils GW-GC < 15 Well-graded gravel with clay ≥ 15 Well-graded gravel with clay and sand GP-GM < 15 Poorly graded gravel with silt ≥ 15 Poorly graded gravel with silt and sand GP-GC < 15 Poorly graded gravel with clay ≥ 15 Poorly graded gravel with clay and sand SF = sand fraction = R200 – GF, and GF = R4
Group Names for Sandy Soil
Group Criteria for Group name Symbol group name: SF SW < 15 Well-graded sand ≥ 15 Well-graded sand with gravel SP < 15 Poorly graded sand ≥ 15 Poorly graded sand with gravel SM < 15 Silty sand ≥ 15 Silty sand with gravel SC < 15 Clayey sand ≥ 15 Clayey sand with gravel SC-SM < 15 Silty, clayey sand ≥ 15 Silty, clayey sand with gravel SW-SM < 15 Well-graded sand with silt ≥ 15 Well-graded sand with silt and gravel SW-SC < 15 Well-graded sand with clay ≥ 15 Well-graded sand with clay and gravel SP-SM < 15 Poorly graded sand with silt ≥ 15 Poorly graded sand with silt and gravel SP-SC < 15 Poorly graded sand with clay ≥ 15 Poorly graded sand with clay and gravel GF = gravel fraction = R4 Group Names for Fine-Grained Inorganic Soil Group R200 SF/GF GF SF Group name Symbo l CL < 15 --- --- --- Lean clay 15 – 29 ≥1 --- --- Lean clay with sand <1 --- --- Lean clay with gravel ≥ 30 ≥1 < 15 --- Sandy lean clay ≥1 ≥ 15 --- Sandy lean clay with gravel <1 < 15 Gravelly lean clay <1 ≥ 15 Gravelly lean clay with sand ML < 15 --- --- --- Silt 15 – 29 ≥1 --- --- Silt with sand <1 --- --- Silt with gravel ≥ 30 ≥1 < 15 --- Sandy silt ≥1 ≥1 --- Sandy silt with gravel <1 < 15 Gravelly silt <1 ≥ 15 Gravelly silt with sand CL-ML < 15 --- --- --- Silty clay 15 – 29 ≥1 --- --- Silty clay with sand <1 --- --- Silty clay with gravel ≥ 30 ≥1 < 15 --- Sandy silty clay ≥1 ≥1 --- Sandy silty clay with gravel <1 < 15 Gravelly silty clay <1 ≥ 15 Gravelly silty clay with sand CH < 15 --- --- --- Fat clay 15 – 29 ≥1 --- --- Fat clay with sand <1 --- --- Fat clay with gravel ≥ 30 ≥1 < 15 --- Sandy fat clay ≥1 ≥1 --- Sandy fat clay with gravel <1 < 15 Gravelly fat clay <1 ≥ 15 Gravelly fat clay with sand MH < 15 --- --- --- Elastic silt 15 – 29 ≥1 --- --- Elastic silt with sand <1 --- --- Elastic silt with gravel ≥ 30 ≥1 < 15 --- Sandy elastic silt ≥1 ≥1 --- Sandy elastic silt with gravel <1 < 15 Gravelly elastic silt <1 ≥ 15 Gravelly elastic silt with sand
