WASTE DISPOSAL IN ANDHRA PRADESH
The municipal administration department has announced that Rs 120 per
month would be collected from every household for garbage collection, while
households residing in notified slums will have to pay Rs 30 per month
Solid Waste Disposal: 5 Simple Ways To Reduce Waste At Home
Waste Segregation. According to the Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD),
municipal solid waste generated in India constitutes around 30-40% of organic waste
produced in households. ...
Reuse. ...
Recycle. ...
Reduce. ...
Composting.
Proper waste disposal and management can be done by applying the 3R – Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle. Reducing means lessening the amount of trash/garbage produced.
Reusing refers to using materials more than once while recycling means creating new
material or product out of trash/garbage
Costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset
or CGU, excluding finance costs and income tax expense (and any other costs that
have already been recognised as liabilities in the statement of financial position)..
As per the council agenda sent to the corporators, the garbage cess will be in the range
of ₹20 to ₹120. The GVMC is currently collecting ₹120 a month other than for the
below poverty line families (₹60 a month).
Zero Waste is about conserving our resources and using them wisely: the 3R's
of reducing, reusing and recycling - in that order.
The 3Rs are used to refer to the three terms that are – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
While recycling is easily using the material again, once it is finished, reusing is
discovering a new, alternate way to utilize the trash instead of discarding it.
Garbage collectors, also known as sanitation workers or waste management workers,
collect, transport, and dispose of waste and recyclable materials from residential,
commercial, and industrial areas.
Disposal means getting rid of something, or throwing it away. When you go on a
picnic, be sure to have a bag for the disposal of your trash afterward, or you will be a
terrible litterbug.
GENERAL DISPOSAL OF WASTE
Municipal liquid waste is channeled through sewage systems in developed countries,
where it is treated as wastewater or sewage. Before wastewater, or sewage, may enter
groundwater aquifers or surface waters like rivers, lakes, estuaries, and seas,
thisprocedure eliminates most or all of the contaminants. See wastewater treatment for
further information on sewage systems and treatment. Municipal solid waste (MSW),
commonly known as refuse, is non-hazardous garbage that must be collected and
transferred to a processing or disposal facility. Garbage and waste are
examples of refuse. Garbage consists primarily of compostable food waste and dry
materials such as glass, paper, cloth, or wood. Garbage, on the other hand, is
extremely putrescible and decomposable, but trash is not. Bulky goods like old
refrigerators, couches, and massive tree stumps, as well as building and demolition
waste (e.g., wood, drywall, bricks, concrete, and rebar a steel rod with ridges for use
in reinforced concrete, all of which require special collection and processing, are
considered trash. Sanitary landfills—pits or other places covered with impermeable
synthetic bottom liners where garbage is segregated from the rest of the environment
—are frequently used to dispose of refuse.
What is Waste Disposal?
Waste disposal means removing, discarding, recycling or destroying unwanted
materials called waste that is produced from agriculture, domestic usage or industrial
products. Following the correct methods for waste disposal will ensure lesser
pollution and hazards for the environment. Proper waste management is necessary
with steps involving the proper collection of waste and scientific treatments that may
contribute less to water pollution, soil pollution and air pollution.
Wastes can be of numerous types and much of the waste generated today is non-
biodegradable waste. Globalization and industrialization have contributed to this
hugely. The dumps with harmful substances in the waste can release toxic fumes and
smoke. Therefore, the correct disposal for the particular kind of waste is necessary,
for example burning all kinds of wastes may lead to the above problem and cause
harm to bodies. Also, dumping into rivers and filling land depressions without proper
administration is not encouraged. Wastes including plastics, batteries, sanitary and oil
products should be properly disposed of. Doing so may result in a hazardous
environment and a polluted atmosphere.
Waste management is an important term associated with waste disposal and both go
hand in hand for maintaining a clean environment. Thus, the waste disposal definition
should also include a waste management system. The 7 R’s associated with waste
management are Refuse, Repurpose, Reduce, Reuse, Rot, Recycle and Rethink.
Following each of these steps in the process of waste disposal will help enormously to
live hygienically and healthily. It is necessary not only for us but also for the next
generations to come. It also prevents waste disposal workers, employees in landfill
facilities, and other related workmen to reduce risks associated with improper
handling of wastes. It may cause blood infections, respiratory and growth problems,
skin irritations, etc. Therefore, waste disposal should not be dependent upon the
workers, rather the concern should start from every home. Waste segregation should
be followed everywhere including homes and commercial. Segregating biodegradable
waste, non-biodegradable and toxic products should be followed.
CONCLUSION BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC
Biodegradable polymers have a major advantage over nonbiodegradable polymers in
terms of degradation. This is because biodegradable polymers can be returned to the
soil and enrich it by being composted with microorganisms. Usage of biodegradable
polymers can lower the cost of labor used for the removal of conventional plastics
from the environment since they degrade naturally. Moreover, decomposition and
degradation of the biodegradable polymers stabilizes the environment and increases
the longevity of the landfills by decreasing the garbage volume. They can also be
reprocessed into useful oligomers by microbial, enzymatic, and hydrolytic treatment
for other applications.PHA and PLA are the two most promising biodegradable
polymers. PHA is price-competitive and a challenge for some commercial petroleum-
based plastics. PLA has already replaced a number of nonbiodegradable polymers in
the food packaging and carrier bag markets, but its biodegradation is still much slower
than those of other biodegradable polymers. Generally, in terms of properties and
usability for certain applications, very few commercial nonbiodegradable polymers
can be replaced by known biodegradable polymers. It is therefore possible to only
slightly reduce the current environmental problems by using known biodegradable
polymers for some low-level applications, but a lot of research is still needed to
develop biodegradable polymers or polymer blends/composites that will have the
necessary properties to replace most of the current nonbiodegradable polymers.
Secondly, even if this goal can be achieved within a reasonable period of time, it is
still going to be a political challenge to educate people to dispose of the biodegradable
plastic products in such a way that they can be transferred to the correct dedicated
composting sites for effective biodegradation, especially in developing countries
where there is little control over the disposal of plastic waste. Another political
challenge will be the establishment and maintenance of such dedicated composting
sites in all the countries of the world. In view of this, the problem of plastic waste
littering the earth and accumulating in the oceans will remain a problem for many
years to come, until (1) scientists managed to develop biodegradable
polymers/blends/composites that can replace all other nonbiodegradable polymers, (2)
governments could create large-scale, dedicated composting sites for the
biodegradation of these polymers, and (3) all the people in the world could be
educated to dispose of plastic products in a prescribed and responsible way.
Furthermore, compost partially derived from biodegradable nanocomposites,
particularly organically modified clay containing biodegradable nanocomposites,
increase the soil organic content and water and nutrient retention, while reducing
chemical inputs and suppressing plant disease. Similarly, biodegradable
nanocomposite-based shopping and waste bags disposed of in a landfill may increase
the rate of organic waste degradation, while enhancing the methane harvesting
potential and decreasing the usage of landfill space
ADVANTAGES OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC
Bioplastics share similar properties to conventional plastics, but several compelling
reasons make them the most favourable packaging option for forward-thinking
businesses:
1. Fewer Carbon Emissions :Bioplastics produce significantly fewer greenhouse
gases than conventional plastics over their lifespan. From manufacturing to disposal,
fewer emissions are generated than other forms of plastic; less energy is required to
produce bioplastics, and less carbon is produced when bioplastic waste is processed,
especially when compared to generic mixed plastic waste. As a carbon-neutral
packaging supplier,
2. Enhanced Biodegradability :Bioplastics will biodegrade naturally over time under
the right conditions, unlike other plastics. Bioplastics will naturally decompose in
three to six months, but the average plastic takeaway container may take around 450
years to disintegrate. Even when it does, conventional plastics release toxins back into
the environment, further damaging the planet.
3. They Can Be Recycled :Bioplastics can be recycled before they start to degrade.
This helps consumers dispose of their waste responsibly and extends the lifespan of
the bioplastic packaging materials further, allowing them to be repurposed before they
perish.
We typically imagine plastics to be infinitely durable and long-lasting, but you can
only recycle plastics two or three times. This is problematic, as most non-
biodegradable plastics start to perish after being recycled just once, meaning the vast
amount of energy and resources required to manufacture the materials in the first
place is somewhat wasted. When plastics become unsuitable for repurposing, you
must discard them. Most non-biodegradable plastics spend the rest of their life
clogging up landfills or polluting the oceans. Bioplastic packaging will degrade much
more safely and quickly than its synthetic counterparts, making it a much more
planet-friendly option.
4. Less Plastic Pollution :Bioplastics are compostable at commercial facilities,
meaning less recycling or general waste to manage. All that’s left behind after using
a bioplastic cup or a PLA-lined takeaway container are its natural components since
bioplastic packaging is derived from natural substances. This also means that these
items have no chemicals or toxins left behind, reducing waste pollution and
atmospheric pollution.
5. Improved Food Safety :Biodegradable products are made using naturally occurring
substances. As a result, they don’t contain harmful chemicals or pose any risks to
intended users. Non-recyclable plastics — such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
the plastic used to create water bottles — bioplastics don’t attract harmful bacteria or
leach chemicals back into the environment, making them practical, eco-friendly
options as food and drink packaging
INDEX
INTRODUCTION ( BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC)
HOW ARE THEY PRODUCED
ADVANTAGE OF BIOPLASTIC
DISADVANTAGE OF BIOPLASTIC
HOW IS IT GOOD FOR THE NATURE ( PRO&CON)
GENERAL DISPOSAL OF WASTE
WASTE DISPOSAL IN AP
WASTE DISPOSAL IN ASSAM
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CONCLUSION
BIBLIGRAPHY
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