Validation, Verification, Consensus

Immutable Recording,
and _____ lead to Trust
and Security.
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ÉTUDIER Algorithms
Consensus
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Who introduced the Satoshi Nakamoto

digital online
cryptocurrency known
as Bitcoin?
Satoshi Nakamoto
Hal Finney
Créée par
Nick Szabo
quizlette41071415
Wei Dai

A blockchain enables TRUE

Termes dans cette liste (70)
peer-to-peer transfer
of digital currency
Did Bitcoin enable a Decentralized without any
centralized or a intermediaries such as
decentralized system bank. True or False?
for exchange of value? TRUE
FALSE
Centralized
Decentralized
Blockchain was created decentralized trustless
to support security and the blockchain
trust in a ___________ protocol
environment of the operations defined by
cryptocurrency Bitcoin. users
decentralized trustless operations defined by
centralized trusted transactions
centralized trustless
decentralized trusted
The algorithm for Proof of Work
A block in a Blockchain Transactions consensus in the
has a header and Bitcoin blockchain is
_______________. called _____ protocol.
Inputs Proof of Work
Transactions Proof of Elapsed Time
Digital Ledger Proof of Worth
Bitcoins Proof of Stake

What does UTXO stand Unspent Transaction Output Transaction TRUE

for? confirmation is
Unique Transaction independently
Offer performed by all miner
Unspent Transaction nodes. True or False?
Output FALSE
Unspent Trade Offer TRUE
Unspent Transaction
Xeroxed Output
Transaction 0 in every All of the above.
block in the bitcoin
A transaction generates TRUE blockchain ____.
new UTXOs for is for paying the miner
transferring the amount fees.
specified in the input does not have any
UTXOs. True or False? input UTXO.
FALSE is called the coinbase
TRUE transaction
All of the above.

Miners are computers operations defined by the blockchain

that execute ____. protocol
operations defined by
How many types of 2 -20%

accounts are on
Ethereum?
1
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2
3
4 In a public blockchain, TRUE
a participant can join
and leave the
The _____ can send accounts (address) blockchain as and when
transactions for ether they wish. True or
transfer or they can False?
send transactions to FALSE
invoke a smart contract TRUE
code.
blocks
What allows for the Smart Contracts
accounts (address)
execution of code in
algorithms
the Ethereum
block headers
Blockchain, while
enhancing the basic
What is the smallest Wei value transfer capability
denomination of of the Bitcoin
cryptocurrency on Blockchain?
Ethereum? Solidity
Ether Ethereum Virtual
Gas Point Machine Proof-of-Work
Wei Byte-code
Bitcoins Smart Contracts

____hosts the software Ethereum full node Solidity has data, TRUE
needed for transaction functions or methods
initiation, validation, with modifiers, along
mining, block creation, with getter and setter
and smart contract functions. True or
execution. False?
External Account FALSE
Ethereum full node TRUE
EVM Brothers
Smart Contract Sisters
____ receive, verify, Miner nodes Cousins
gather and execute Ommers
transactions.
Ethereum Virtual
Machine ________ are paid fees for Miners of a block
Smart Contracts the creation of a block.
Light wallets Miners of a block
Miner nodes All full nodes
Senders of transactions
in the block
Any changes to the TRUE
Receivers of
value of a state variable
transactions in the
in a smart contract are
block
stored on the
blockchain. True or
False? A popular public- FALSE
TRUE private key
FALSE implementation known
as Rivest-Shamir-
Adelman (RSA)
GASLIMIT is the actual FALSE
algorithm is used for
amount of gas spent at
the Bitcoin and
the completion of the
Ethereum Blockchain.
Block creation. True or
True or False?
False?
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE

For the simple TRUE

symmetric key example
discussed in the
lecture, it is easy to
Supprimer les pub Seulement 0,99 $US par mois derive the "secret" key
from the encrypted
data. True or False?
What are miners who Ommers
FALSE
solved the puzzle but
TRUE
didn't win the block
creation called?
256 bit ECC key-pair is TRUE block?y?
equivalent in strength Complex hash
to approximately 3072- Simple Hash
bit RSA key-pair. Thus Tree-structured Hash
ECC is much stronger Either
encryption than RSA
method. True or False? Keccak 256 is a TRUE
FALSE commonly used
TRUE algorithm for hash
generation in Ethereum
blockchain. True or
What is one of the It is a one way function False?
requirements of secure TRUE
hashing function? FALSE
It is an ECC function
It is a one way function
Digital signing of a encrypting it with private key
It is a secret function
transaction/document
It is log function
involves, hashing the
content of the
What type of hash is Simple Hash document and then ____.
used when there is a rehashing it
fixed number of items encrypting it with
to be hashed, such as public key
the items in a block encrypting it with
header, and we are private key
verifying the composite encrypting it with
block integrity? nonce
Simple Hash
Either
Tree-structured Hash
Complex hash

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What type of hash Tree-structured Hash
function is used, when
there is variable In Ethereum, the block Block header
number of items to be hash is the hash of all
hashed, such as the the elements in the
many state changes in a _________ .
State tree using specific
Block header protocols.
Transaction hash tree validating the
Receipt tree transactions and blocks
for tamper proofing.
executing and
Merkle tree hash is all of the above
confirming the
used for computing
transactions.
_________ hash.
All of the above
state root
transaction root
receipt root Miners execute the FALSE
all of the above transactions for Ether
transfers but are not
responsible for the
Block hash allows for TRUE
execution of smart
the formation of the
contracts. True or
chain link by
False?
embedding previous
FALSE
block hash in the
TRUE
current block header.
True or False?
TRUE Proof of work is the Consensus Protocol
FALSE __________ used by Bitcoin
blockchain and
Ethereum Byzantium
If a participant node All of the above
Metropolis blockchain.
tampers with a block, it
Transaction
results in ____.
confirmation
hash changing
Incentive function
mismatch of hash
Trust function
values
Consensus Protocol
the local chain of node
rendered in an invalid
state An approach for Proof of Stake
All of the above consensus protocol
that is hotly debated
among developers of
Trust in a decentralized All of the above
blockchain is
blockchain is about ____.
Proof of Stake
securing the chain
Proof of Incentive
number and global Proof of Age
nonce is used to Round Robin
address issues
regarding double What happens if more Small incentives are given to the runner
spending. True or than one miner solves up blocks and the new block is added to
False? the consensus puzzle the main chain
rapidement
TRUE cette very close in time to
liste
FALSE ? each other in
Avec les activités et les Ethereum?
jeux de Quizlet,
Bootstrapping the apprendre
new SoftCARTE
ForksS APPREN D RE AS S OC IER Small incentives are
est facile, efficace
software to the alreadyet given to runner-up

running processes is blocks

known as ____. The new block is added

Hard Forks to the main chain and

Hashing not the runner-up chain

Scripting Runner-up miners leave

Soft Forks the network.

Small incentives are
given to the runner up
After a hard fork, the TRUE blocks and the new
emerging two chains block is added to the
are incompatible. True main chain
or False?
TRUE
FALSE Double spending is TRUE
reusing digital assets
intentionally or
Bitcoin blockchain P2SH conditional payment script feature inadvertently. True or
implemented a soft fork correct False?
to realize a ____. TRUE
P2SH conditional FALSE
payment script feature
correct
P2SH payer gossip www.TunisieBooking.com™
Tunisie Booking Centre Ville
feature
Split into Bitcoin core Supprimer les pub Seulement 0,99 $US par mois

and Bitcoin cash

P2SH Peer-to-Shell
feature In Ethereum, a TRUE
combination of account
What is the genesis The first block of a blockchain block
blocks? A person who just
initiates a transaction in
The first transaction in the blockchain
each block
The first block of a
blockchain What are UTXOs in a These are actual currency that is sent to
Any block created by Bitcoin Blockchain? the receiver of a transaction
the founder These are actual
The last block craeted currency that is sent to
in the blockchain the receiver of a
transaction
These are rewards for
Where are the On a distributed immutable ledger miners
transactions recorded These are transaction
in a blockchain? output that has ben
expended
On a distributed These form the input
immutable ledger and output for
On a SQL database transactions
On a SQLite database
On a centralized
A popular public - false
immutable ledger
private key
implementation known
What/Who are miners Computers that validate and process as Rivest - Shamir -
in a blockchain? blockchain transactions and solve the Adelman (RSA)
cryptographic puzzle to add new block algorithm is used for
A person who receives the bitcoin and
money as the receiver ethereum blockchain.
of the transaction True or false?
An algorithm that you True
can use to calculate the False
next block in a
blockchain
For the simple true
Computers that validate
symmetric key example
and process blockchain
discussed in the
transactions and solve
lecture, it is easy to
the cryptographic
derive the "secret" key
puzzle to add new
SHA-512 from the encrypted
SHA-1 data. True or false?
MD5 False
SHA-256 True

A public key is derived hash of the first transaction by the www.TunisieBooking.com™

from the ____ account Tunisie Booking Centre Ville

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a different public key
hash of the first
transaction by the 256 bit ECC key pair is True
account equivalent in strength
private key to approximately 3072
genesis block hash but RSA key pair. Thus
ECC is much stronger
encryption than RSA
In Ethereum, which ECC
method. True or false
algorithm is applied to
True
the private key in order
False
to get a unique public
key?
When encrypting a Private key
RSA message with a public
ECC key, which key is
Keccak required to decrypt the
SHA-256 message?

Inverted public key

In Ethereum, hashing 1,2,4
Public key
function are use for
Both public key and
which of the following?
private key
1. Generating state hash
Private key
2. Generating account
addresses
3. Decrypting senders What type if hashing SHA-256
message algorithm does bitcoin
4. Generating block blockchain use to
hash determine the hash of a
block?
1,2,3
1,2,4 calculated using ___
2,3,4
1,3,4 previous block's hash
hash of transactions
none
number of transactions
What is the purpose of It supports both user authentication and
using a digital integrity of messages
signature? Encryption of a security
message provides ___
It supports the integrity
of message. security
None of the above nonrepudiation
It supports user authentication
authentication. integrity
It supports both user
authentication and
Select INCORRECT: Reduce the robussness of the
integrity of messages
Forks are mechanisms blockchain framework
that _____
Which of the following Original message cannot be retrieved
methods can be used Reduce the robussness
to obtain the original of the blockchain
message from its framework
generated hash Implement planned
message using SHA- improvements
256? Manage issues
Build credibility
Hashing the generated
again.
Proof of work is an True
Original message
agreed upon method
cannot be retrieved
by which the creation
Hashing the generated
of a new block is
hash again, twice
achieved in the
Hashing the reverse of
blockchain
generated hash

True
The transaction Merkle hash of transactions False
Tree root value in a
bitcoin block is
Which one of the Once a consensus is met, a new block is consensus problem
following is correct? added to the chain solved

A secure blockchain is 3,1,2,5,4

a single chain in an 5,3,1,2,4
inconsistent state 3,2,1,4,5
Neither timestamp nor 1,2,3,4,5
nonce can be verified
There is only one,
single criteria measured What is the Smart contracts
to perform validation differentiating between
Once a consensus is the Ethereum
met, a new block is blockchain and the
added to the chain bitcoin blockchain?

Distributed ledger
Trust in ____ is the ability robussness Currency Exchange
to handle natural Smart contracts
exceptional situations Wallets
such as a chain split
and double spending
External owned Private key
account（EOA）are
mining
controlled by _____
robussness
Proof of Work
Private key
smart contract
Public key
Hash of the first
What is the correct 3,1,2,5,4 transaction by that
sequence involved in a account
block creation: Public key and private
1. Transaction validated key
2. Transactions Bundled
& broadcasted
Which of the following EOAs can send transactions (ether
3. Transaction initiated
is true about an transfer or invoke a contract code)
4. Block added to the
externally owned
local chain and
account (EOA) in
propagated to the
Ethereum Homestead?
network
5. Proof of work