Aviation Industry
Aviation Industry
Index
1. Overview of Indian Aviation Industry ............................................. 3
2. History.................................................................................................. 6
6. Recommendations ………………………………………………… 26
7. References .......................................................................................... 28
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Aviation Industry, India
Mr Praful Patel, Union Civil Aviation Minister has stated that the airline industry in India has
grown by 400 per cent in a short span of about six-and-a-half years. He said in 10 years Indian
market will be the third largest aviation market after the US and China .
Passengers carried by domestic airlines from January – June 2010 were 46.8 million as against
39.4 million in the corresponding period of year 2009 thereby registering a growth of 18.9 per
cent - according to data released by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
Presently, Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport is the busiest airport in the country at
present, handling an average of about 843 flights per day. On November 29, 2010, it handled its
highest ever traffic with 865 operations.
It is projected that some US$ 100 billion in aircraft orders will be up for grabs over the next 20
years. Boeing's current market outlook (2009-2028) predicts that the country will require 1,000
aircraft worth US$ 100 billion over the next two decades, according to Dinesh Keskar, President
of Boeing and FICCI Aviation Committee chairman.
Leading aircraft manufacturers Airbus and Boeing have expressed optimism over the growth of
the civil aviation industry in India. As per Airbus, the country would need 1,032 new aircrafts
worth around US$ 138 billion by 2028. Boeing has also predicted that the sector would require
1,150 commercial jets worth US$ 135 billion in the next 20 years.
Timothy J Roemer, the US Ambassador to India has said that the US will work with the Indian
government and the domestic private sector to make the country an aviation hub. The AAI
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Aviation Industry, India
(Airport Authority of India) is set to spend over US$ 1.02 billion in 2010, towards modernisation
of non-metro airports. AAI is planning the city-side development of 24 airports, including those
at Ahmedabad and Amritsar. Additionally, 11 new greenfield airports have been identified to
reduce passenger load on existing airports, according to Praveen Seth, member-operations, AAI.
Airport Retail
With the growth in the industry, airport retailing has also gained pace in the recent times. The
highest margin earners in this segment are food and beverages, beauty product, electronic items,
apparel etc. Development of new terminals and airports such as the recently inaugurated T3 in
New Delhi has provided have shown the intense effect that airport retail shall have in Aviation
sector. It has been predicted that airports would provide around 300,000-400,000 square feet
retail space by 2015. Many companies are also planning to leverage on this growing segment by
launching specific products for air travelers. For instance, French premium skincare brand
L'Occitane is planning to develop a special range to cater to the airport retailing segment. Some
airlines like Indigo, Jetlite, Go Air perform the sales of their items during travel calling it as
shopping at 30,000 feet. eg. Indigo airlines has launched Hello6e magazine which is actually a
brochure for so said as shopping at 30,000 feet. It charges its passengers even for simple
magazines which are free in airlines like Kingfisher Airines. The margin in retail may be
estimated by the fact that sales prices of items during air travel is more than 4 times the actual
cost.
Investment Policy
According to the FDI policy released on March 31, 2010, for the civil aviation sector (Airports),
FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed under the automatic route for greenfield projects.
For existing projects, FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed; while investment up to 74
percent under the automatic route and beyond 74 per cent under the government route.
Government Initiatives
To create world class airports, the government has recognised the need for the involvement of
private players in the development of airport infrastructure. Development of airports at Delhi and
Mumbai has been taken up under Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. The capital expenditure
is funded through private equity, borrowings, and internal resources of joint venture companies.
The AAI has taken up the development of 35 non metro airports. As per the Economic Survey of
2009-10, out of 35 airports, 9 have been completed and put in operation. The other projects are in
progress and likely to be completed by 2010-11. The adoption of Open Sky Policy has resulted
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Aviation Industry, India
in the entry of several new privately owned airlines and increased frequency of flights for
international airlines.
Road ahead
Investment opportunities of US$ 110 billion are being envisaged up to 2020 with US$ 80 billion
towards new aircraft and US$ 30 billion towards the development of airport infrastructure,
according to the Investment Commission of India. Lufthansa Cargo and GMR group have signed
an agreement to develop Rajiv Gandhi International Airport as a South Asian cargo hub, with
focus on pharmaceutical exports. Kingfisher Airlines and American Airlines, both members of
the Oneworld alliance, will begin their codeshare and frequent flyer arrangement in 2011, the
two airlines have announced.
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Aviation Industry, India
2. History
The Indian civil aviation industry originated in 1912, when the first air flight between Karachi
and Delhi was started by the Indian State Air Services in collaboration with the UK based
Imperial Airways. It was an extension of London-Karachi flight of the Imperial Airways. In
1932, JRD Tata founded Tata Airline, the first Indian airline. At the time of independence, nine
air transport companies were carrying both air cargo and passengers. These were Tata Airlines,
Indian National Airways, Air service of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat
Airways, Orient Airways and Mistry Airways. After partition Orient Airways shifted to Pakistan.
In early 1948, Government of India established a joint sector company, Air India International
Ltd in collaboration with Air India (earlier Tata Airline) with a capital of Rs 2 crore and a fleet
of three Lockheed constellation aircraft. The inaugural flight of Air India International Ltd took
off on June 8, 1948 on the Mumbai-London air route. The Government nationalized nine airline
companies vide the Air Corporations Act, 1953.
Accordingly it established the Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC) to cater to domestic air travel
passengers and Air India International (AI) for international air travel passengers. The assets of
the existing airline companies were transferred to these two corporations. This Act ensured that
IAC and AI had a monopoly over the Indian skies. A third government-owned airline, Vayudoot,
which provided feeder services between smaller cities, was merged with IAC in 1994. These
government-owned airlines dominated Indian aviation industry till the mid-1990s.
In April 1990, the Government adopted open-sky policy and allowed air taxi- operators to
operate flights from any airport, both on a charter and a non charter basis and to decide their own
flight schedules, cargo and passenger fares. In 1994, the Indian Government, as part of its open
sky policy, ended the monopoly of IA and AI in the air transport services by repealing the Air
Corporations Act of 1953 and replacing it with the Air Corporations (Transfer of Undertaking
and Repeal) Act, 1994. Private operators were allowed to provide air transport services. Foreign
direct investment (FDI) of up to 49 percent equity stake and NRI (Non Resident Indian)
investment of up to 100 percent equity stake were permitted through the automatic FDI route in
the domestic air transport services sector. However, no foreign airline could directly or indirectly
hold equity in a domestic airline company.
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Aviation Industry, India
Market Share
19.20%
6.90% Jet Airways
7.00%
13.30% Kingfisher Airlines
Indigo
National Aviation Company Limited
Spice Jet
19.10% JetLite
Go Air
17.10%
17.30%
S.W.O.T. Analysis
STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
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Aviation Industry, India
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
• The number of air travelers is about 0.8 per • Government Regulations; Though the govt.
cent of the population is making changes in the regulations, it
• India's civil aviation passenger growth, at needs to move at a much faster pace on this.
20 per cent, is among the highest in the • Aviation in India is over regulated and
world. needs to free itself from govt. shackles.
• India's civil aviation ministry expects 100 • Inadequate infrastructure.
million passengers by 2020. • Acute shortage of Pilots and maintenance
• India anticipates doubling of passenger engineers.
traffic over the next decade. • Security and safety.
• Economic Growth • Low profit margins and high operating
• Vibrant middle class: Increasing costs.
Consumerism and Affordability ”common • Other faster means of transportation
man”
• Under-penetrated markets
• Growth in Tourism
• Currently domestic passenger market is
growing at 50%
Strategic Groups
The companies in the Indian aviation industry may be divided into following strategic
groups:
Full range carriers with medium price: Wide coverage of services is provided and these
airlines have greatest potential to capture and lead the market. These have less number of
International destinations and the new comers can come up with low fares eg. Jet, Indian
Airlines, King Fisher Airlines.
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Aviation Industry, India
Low cost carriers with low price: Great facilities and technology but no service for
economic class. All the services in economy class are provided by levying extra charges eg.
Spice Jet, Go Air, Indigo and other Low cost carriers.
Very high service with high price: Better service due to high fare and Attractive for the
growing middle class. But these have less coverage within country. eg. Taj airways, Club one
airways.
Good service with medium price: Low fare as compared to higher service provider. Better
services than LCC. These airlines target the middle class customers eg. Kingfisher, Jet
airways.
Tremendous business opportunities in one of the world's fastest growing economies would be the
key driver for this growth.
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Aviation Industry, India
Low cost domestic carriers have been offering attractive prices to companies transporting a
variety of goods. The lack of refrigerated trucks and refrigerated warehouses have forced
exporters of perishable goods to use aircrafts. Cargo business is also much more revenue
generating than passenger traffic. Statistics indicate that airlines spend more than 75% on
transporting passengers, while only 25% is spent on cargo. Most Indian airlines earn about 10%
of their revenue from cargo income.
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Aviation Industry, India
Fig. - Booming air freight business
Concerns
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Aviation Industry, India
allocations that allow ample opportunity for airlines to remain profitable, but the sheer growth in
airline capacity can induce competition.
5. Carbon offsetting practices may add to cost: Globally, the aviation industry is under the
scanner because it is the fastest growing cause for global warming; and EU aircraft emissions
alone have risen by 87% since 1990. However, the aviation industry only contributes about 2%
of all global carbon emission. Also, according to International Air Transport Association
(IATA), airlines have been addressing the problem of carbon emission since the early 1970s –
well before other industries did anything constructive. Aircraft fuel efficiency has improved 20%
in the past decade and almost 5% in the last two years alone.
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Aviation Industry, India
4. Major Players
Jet Airways
Jet Airways operating domestic and international services operates 330 daily
flights to 50 destinations across the country and 6 overseas, its market share is greater than any
other Indian domestic operator’s. Jet Airways airline offers relatively low costs by international
standards and often provides economical and discounted fares, especially on booking through the
internet. It has been able to lower its costs by ‘sweating its assets’ i.e. getting maximum
utilization out of its fleet by minimizing turnaround time between flights. With frequent flights,
at all possible timings to each sector of India, this airline provides convenience and services
within a league of its own.
Founded 1 April, 1992
Subsidiaries JetLite
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Aviation Industry, India
Fleet Size 99
Destination 71
HQ Mumbai, India
Website www.jetairways.com
Source: www.wikipedia.org
Strategies
Jet Airways maintain market leadership in the domestic market. They have developed two
equally strong pillars: domestic and international operations. They have consistently been
providing a superior product to our passengers. Jet Airways exhibit seamless connectivity
spanning domestic and international routes. They are continuously improving their cargo revenue
potential - domestic and international. The focus of Jet Airways for reduction in unit cost of
operations is on following points:
On reducing operating costs (specifically fuel)
Reduction in selling and distribution cost (on-line bookings)
Re-negotiation of agreements with various service providers
They are bent upon providing best customer service serving both business and economic class.
Jet Airways have phenomenally acquired Sahara Airlines thus getting stronger hold in market.
They have come up with several schemes to acquire and retain customers. Regular customers
enjoy discounted fare as marketing strategy.
JetLite
Jet Lite flies to various destinations in India, which include important cities
like Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai along with
regional destinations like Ahmedabad, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Bhubaneshwar, Ranchi and others.
The airline has recently added international destinations like Singapore, Colombo, Kathmandu
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Aviation Industry, India
and Chicago (Code-share with American Airline) to its network and would be further enhancing
it by adding United Kingdom (London) and Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) shortly. For cheap airfares
and great deals on international and domestic air tickets, including popular travel sectors like
New Delhi to Bangalore, Mumbai to Bangalore, New Delhi to Mumbai, Bangalore to New
Delhi, Mumbai to Goa, Delhi to Goa, Bangalore to Hyderabad and more, book your travel on
JetLite.
Kingfisher Airlines
Alliance OneWorld
Destination 77
Website flykingfisher.com
Source: www.wikipedia.org
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Aviation Industry, India
Kingfisher Red
It was formerly known as Air Deccan, the airline was previously operated by Deccan Aviation. It
was started by Captain G. R. Gopinath and its first flight took off on 23 August 2003 from
Hyderabad to Vijaywada. It was known popularly as the common man's airline, with is logo
showing two palms joined together to signify a bird flying. The tagline of the airline was
"Simpli-fly," signifying that it was now possible for the common man to fly. The dream of
Captain Gopinath was to enable "every Indian to fly at least once in his/her lifetime." Air
Deccan was the first airline in India to fly to second tier cities like Hubballi, Mangalore,
Madurai and Visakhapatnam from metropolitan areas like Bangalore and Chennai.
After the merger, Air Deccan is known as Kingfisher Red run by Kingfisher Airlines. Air
Deccan had positioned itself as a “Low Cost Carrier”. Its target markets are: Upper middle
class in short term and lower middle class aggressively in long term.
Its marketing strategies are:
Advertisement through print, radio and billboards
In flight magazine for revenue generating
In flight shopping scheme called “Brand for less” –AVA Merchandising
Tie-up with Café Coffee Day
ICICI-Travel agent purchase card
Tie-ups with HPCL and Reliance Web World
Single class aircraft configuration
Internet booking and cheap fares
Offering non-trunk short-haul routes and attracting high-end railway traffic through
comparable fares
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Aviation Industry, India
Air India
Website www.airindia.com
Source: www.wikipedia.org
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Aviation Industry, India
Indigo
IndiGo Air or IndiGo Airlines, as expected sports the deep colour of IndiGo as
its signature colour. It is a private domestic low cost airline. This airline is amongst the best,
offering professional services, economical prices with great deals and discounted fares. It
operates to all the major areas of India. Tickets can be booked online and the services provided
are user friendly while at the same time, extremely comprehensive.
Founded 2005
Destination 24
HQ Gurgaon, Haryana
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Aviation Industry, India
Source: www.wikipedia.org
Spice Jet
Spicejet is a low cost airline based in New Delhi and is one of India’s newest
start - up private airlines. Spicejet was earlier known as Royal Airways and now sets its
standards high as it competes with the Indian Railway passengers traveling in AC coaches; this
speaks tremendously for their cheap and discounted airfares. They marked their entry in the
service with Rupees 99 fares for the first 99 days and then followed with a Rupees 999
promotional fare for select sectors. With all these marketing strategies and booming business,
this airline leaves no loose ends. Spicejet offers every day spicy fares to budget conscious
travelers. This business also thrives on online air ticket bookings with a detailed list of flight
status and schedules. A low cost airline that offers budget travel at discounted rates with the best
of services.
Founded 2004
Fleet Size 25
Destination 22
HQ Gurgaon
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Aviation Industry, India
Key Peoples Neil Mills, CEO
Website SpiceJet.com
Source: www.wikipedia.org
Go Air
Founded 2005
Fleet Size 10
Destination 18
HQ Andheri, Mumbai
Website www.goair.in
Source: www.wikipedia.org
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Aviation Industry, India
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Aviation Industry, India
10000
8000
4000
2000
0
Kingfisher Air- SpiceJet Jet Airways Indigo
lines
Source: Wikipedia
100
91
90 87.1 86.7 87.5 86.1
84.4 85.4
80.7 82
80 76.9 76.3 77 77.4
70.8
70
60
Seat Factor %
50 Oct, 2010
Nov, 2010
40
30
20
10
0
NACIL Jet Airways JetLite Kingfisher Spicejet Go Air Indigo
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Aviation Industry, India
6%
14%
9%
26%
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000 2005-06
2006-07
40000 2007-08
2008-09
20000 2009-2010
0
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Aviation Industry, India
Cargo Carried in 2009-10
140000
120000
100000
80000
Cargo Carried for scheduled dometic
services (in Tons)
60000 Cargo Carried for scheduled Interna-
tional services (in Tons)2
40000
20000
0
Jet JetLite Kingfisher Go Air Spice Jet Indigo
Air-
ways
References
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Aviation Industry, India
1) Annual Report: DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation)
2) www.wikipedia.org
3) http://www.ibef.org
4) http://www.iloveindia.com/economy-of-india
5) http://money.sulekha.com
6) http://www.goindigo.in
7) http://www.jetairways.com
8) http://flykingfisher.com
9) http://www.airindia.com
10) http://spicejet.com
11) http://goair.in
12) http://www.authorstream.com
13) http://www.moneycontrol.com
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