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SQL Error Handling Guide

This document discusses error handling in SQL Server. It covers the RAISERROR and THROW statements used to generate custom error messages. It also describes using FORMATMESSAGE to customize error messages with parameters in the THROW statement. Transactions and try/catch blocks are also covered as ways to handle errors in SQL code.

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Asim Azizov
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46 views27 pages

SQL Error Handling Guide

This document discusses error handling in SQL Server. It covers the RAISERROR and THROW statements used to generate custom error messages. It also describes using FORMATMESSAGE to customize error messages with parameters in the THROW statement. Transactions and try/catch blocks are also covered as ways to handle errors in SQL code.

Uploaded by

Asim Azizov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAISERROR

TR A N S A C TI O N S A N D E R R O R H A N D L I N G I N S Q L S E R V E R

Etibar Vazirov
CS instructor at UFAZ
Slides credit: Miriam Antona
Raise errors statements
RAISERROR

THROW

Microsoft suggests THROW

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


RAISERROR syntax
RAISERROR ( { msg_str | msg_id | @local_variable_message },
severity,
state,
[ argument [ ,...n ] ] )
[ WITH option [ ,...n ] ]

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


RAISERROR with message string
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = 15)
RAISERROR('No staff member with such id.', 16, 1);

Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 3


No staff member with such id.

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


RAISERROR with message string
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = 15)
RAISERROR('No %s with id %d.', 16, 1, 'staff member', 15);

Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 3


No staff member with id 15.

RAISERROR('%d%% discount', 16, 1, 50);

Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 1


50% discount

Other characters: %i, %o, %x, %X, %u...

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


RAISERROR with error number
RAISERROR(60000, 16, 1);

Msg. 60000, Level 16, State 1, Line 1


This is a test message.

SELECT * FROM sys.messages

| message_id | language_id | severity | is_event_logged | text |


| | | | | |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 60000 | 1033 | 16 | 0 | This is a test message |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


RAISERROR - Example with TRY...CATCH
BEGIN TRY
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = 15)
RAISERROR('No staff member with such id.', 9, 1);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT 'You are in the CATCH block' AS message
END CATCH

No staff member with such id.


Msg. 50000, Level 9, State 1

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


RAISERROR - Example with TRY...CATCH
BEGIN TRY
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = 15)
RAISERROR('No staff member with such id.', 16, 1);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT 'You are in the CATCH block' AS message
END CATCH

| message |
| |
| You are in the CATCH block |

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


Let's practice!
TR A N S A C TI O N S A N D E R R O R H A N D L I N G I N S Q L S E R V E R
THROW
TR A N S A C TI O N S A N D E R R O R H A N D L I N G I N S Q L S E R V E R

Etibar
MiriamVazirov
Antona
CS instructor at UFAZ
So ware Engineer
Slides credit: Miriam Antona
THROW syntax
Recommended by Microsoft over the RAISERROR statement.

THROW [ error_number, message, state ][ ; ]

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


THROW - without parameters
BEGIN TRY
SELECT price/0 from orders;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
THROW;
SELECT 'This line is executed!' as message;
END CATCH

(0 rows affected)
Msg. 8134, Level 16, State 1, Line 2
Divide by zero error encountered.

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


THROW - ambiguity
BEGIN TRY
SELECT price/0 from orders;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT 'This line is executed!'
THROW;
END CATCH

| THROW |
| |
| This line is executed! |

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


THROW - ambiguity
BEGIN TRY
SELECT price/0 from orders;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT 'This line is executed!';
THROW;
END CATCH

| (No column name) |


| |
| This line is executed! |

(0 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
Msg. 8134, Level 16, State 1, Line 2
Divide by zero error encountered.

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


THROW - with parameters
THROW error_number, message, state [ ; ]

THROW 52000, 'This is an example', 1;

Msg. 52000, Level 16, State 1, Line 1


This is an example

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


THROW - with parameters
BEGIN TRY
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = 15)
THROW 51000, 'This is an example', 1;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT ERROR_MESSAGE() AS message;
END CATCH

| THROW |
| |
| This is an example |

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


Let's practice!
TR A N S A C TI O N S A N D E R R O R H A N D L I N G I N S Q L S E R V E R
Customizing error
messages in the
THROW statement
TR A N S A C TI O N S A N D E R R O R H A N D L I N G I N S Q L S E R V E R

Etibar
MiriamVazirov
Antona
CS instructor at UFAZ
So ware Engineer
Slides credit: Miriam Antona
Parameter placeholders in RAISERROR and THROW
RAISERROR('No %s with id %d.', 16, 1, 'staff member', 15);

THROW 52000, 'No staff member with id 15', 1;

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


Ways of customizing error messages
Variable by concatenating strings

FORMATMESSAGE function

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


Using a variable and the CONCAT function
DECLARE @staff_id AS INT = 500;
DECLARE @my_message NVARCHAR(500) =
CONCAT('There is no staff member for id ', @staff_id, '. Try with another one.');

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = @staff_id)


THROW 50000, @my_message, 1;

Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 5


There is no staff member for id 500. Try with another one.

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


The FORMATMESSAGE function
FORMATMESSAGE ( { ' msg_string ' | msg_number } ,
[ param_value [ ,...n ] ] )

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


FORMATMESSAGE with message string
DECLARE @staff_id AS INT = 500;
DECLARE @my_message NVARCHAR(500) =
FORMATMESSAGE('There is no staff member for id %d. %s ', @staff_id, 'Try with another one.');

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM staff WHERE staff_id = @staff_id)


THROW 50000, @my_message, 1;

Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 6


There is no staff member for id 500. Try with another one.

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


FORMATMESSAGE with message number
SELECT * FROM sys.messages

| message_id | language_id | severity | is_event_logged | text |


| | | | | |
| 60000 | 1033 | 16 | 0 | This is a test message with one numeric parameter (%d)... |
| 21 | 1033 | 20 | 0 | Warning: Fatal error %d occurred at %S_DATE. Note the error...|
| 101 | 1033 | 15 | 0 | Query not allowed in Waitfor. |
| 102 | 1033 | 15 | 0 | Incorrect syntax near '%.*ls'. |
| 103 | 1033 | 15 | 0 | The %S_MSG that starts with '%.*ls' is too long... |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


FORMATMESSAGE with message number
sp_addmessage
msg_id , severity , msgtext,
[ language ],
[ with_log { 'TRUE' | 'FALSE' } ],
[ replace ]

msg_id > 5 0 0 0 0

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


FORMATMESSAGE with message number

TRANSACTIONS AND ERROR HANDLING IN SQL SERVER


Let's practice!
TR A N S A C TI O N S A N D E R R O R H A N D L I N G I N S Q L S E R V E R

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